Working with Hazardous Chemicals
... 3. Potassium hydroxide pellets were purchased from J. T. Baker and ground with a mortar and pestle immediately before use. 4. The submitters purchased toluene from VWR and passed it through neutral alumina and 4Å molecular sieves columns under argon atmosphere before use. The checkers obtained ACS g ...
... 3. Potassium hydroxide pellets were purchased from J. T. Baker and ground with a mortar and pestle immediately before use. 4. The submitters purchased toluene from VWR and passed it through neutral alumina and 4Å molecular sieves columns under argon atmosphere before use. The checkers obtained ACS g ...
Microsoft Word
... m-3 , stirring speed > 850 rpm. The effective diffusivity of the catalyst during catalysis was determined from the knowledge of the catalyst effectiveness factor measured experimentally. Kinetic Modelling of the Hydrogenation Reaction has been collected An extensive kinetic data /_on the hydrogenati ...
... m-3 , stirring speed > 850 rpm. The effective diffusivity of the catalyst during catalysis was determined from the knowledge of the catalyst effectiveness factor measured experimentally. Kinetic Modelling of the Hydrogenation Reaction has been collected An extensive kinetic data /_on the hydrogenati ...
Year 12 Unit 1b - Moulsham High School
... Name or give chemical formulae for suitable reagents for carrying out this conversion. .......................................... mixed with ............................................................ ...
... Name or give chemical formulae for suitable reagents for carrying out this conversion. .......................................... mixed with ............................................................ ...
Enantiodivergent conversion of chiral secondary alcohols into
... •Summary (comparison to other methods) ...
... •Summary (comparison to other methods) ...
reaction rate - davis.k12.ut.us
... A. Reacting substances must collide. B. Reacting substances must be in an exothermic reaction. C. Reacting substances must collide in the ...
... A. Reacting substances must collide. B. Reacting substances must be in an exothermic reaction. C. Reacting substances must collide in the ...
synthpp - Knockhardy
... the reagents required to convert one functional group into another the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst the rate of the reaction the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions atom economy safety - tox ...
... the reagents required to convert one functional group into another the presence of other functional groups - in case also they react the conditions required - temperature, pressure, catalyst the rate of the reaction the yield - especially important for equilibrium reactions atom economy safety - tox ...
main types and mechanisms of the reactions in organic chemistry
... Task №3. Give the mechanism of ethylene bromination reaction. Solution. Reactions which undergo -bonds fision, i.e., addition reactions, are typical for compounds which consist of carbon atoms in the state of sp2- or sphybridization. These reactions can pass on radical or onic mechanism depending o ...
... Task №3. Give the mechanism of ethylene bromination reaction. Solution. Reactions which undergo -bonds fision, i.e., addition reactions, are typical for compounds which consist of carbon atoms in the state of sp2- or sphybridization. These reactions can pass on radical or onic mechanism depending o ...
Synthesis of enantiopure alcohols
... esterifications of a range of secondary alcohols (1-4) catalyzed by immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) and that addition of enantiopure (R)alcohols, (R)-1, (R)-2, (R)-5, (R)-6 and (R)-7, induced increase in the E-value of the esterification of 3-chloro-1-phenoxy-2-propanol (4 ...
... esterifications of a range of secondary alcohols (1-4) catalyzed by immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) and that addition of enantiopure (R)alcohols, (R)-1, (R)-2, (R)-5, (R)-6 and (R)-7, induced increase in the E-value of the esterification of 3-chloro-1-phenoxy-2-propanol (4 ...
Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids
... Reactions of aldehydes and ketones: Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons (or inductive effect). Electronic Effect: Relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions is due the positi ...
... Reactions of aldehydes and ketones: Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons (or inductive effect). Electronic Effect: Relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions is due the positi ...
Topic 16 notes - A
... Carbonyls are formed by the oxidation of alcohols. Partial oxidation of a primary alcohol results in the formation of an aldehyde. Oxidation of a secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone. Primary alcohols, secondary alcohols and aldehydes are oxidized using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O ...
... Carbonyls are formed by the oxidation of alcohols. Partial oxidation of a primary alcohol results in the formation of an aldehyde. Oxidation of a secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone. Primary alcohols, secondary alcohols and aldehydes are oxidized using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O ...
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion - Towson University
... core Electrophilic aromatic substitution replaces a proton on benzene with another electrophile ...
... core Electrophilic aromatic substitution replaces a proton on benzene with another electrophile ...
Organic Chemistry
... control: Experimental conditions under which the composition of the product mixture is determined by the relative rates of formation of each product. First formed dominates. • In the case of enolate anion formation, kinetic control refers to the relative rate of removal of alternative a-hydrogens. • ...
... control: Experimental conditions under which the composition of the product mixture is determined by the relative rates of formation of each product. First formed dominates. • In the case of enolate anion formation, kinetic control refers to the relative rate of removal of alternative a-hydrogens. • ...
Ch 12- 13 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... Reactions require Catalysts Are used to initiate and lower activation energy of reaction, but not used up in the rxn. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process regenerating the catalyst. The followi ...
... Reactions require Catalysts Are used to initiate and lower activation energy of reaction, but not used up in the rxn. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process regenerating the catalyst. The followi ...
Document
... 21.7: Preparation of Amines by Alkylation of Ammonia Ammonia and other alkylamines are good nucleophiles and react with 1° and 2° alkyl halides or tosylates via an SN2 reaction yielding alkyl amines. ...
... 21.7: Preparation of Amines by Alkylation of Ammonia Ammonia and other alkylamines are good nucleophiles and react with 1° and 2° alkyl halides or tosylates via an SN2 reaction yielding alkyl amines. ...
Reactions of Alkenes
... • Activation Energy, Ea: the difference in energy between reactants and the transition state – determines the rate of reaction – if Ea is large, only a few molecular collisions occur with sufficient energy to reach the transition state, and the reaction is slow ...
... • Activation Energy, Ea: the difference in energy between reactants and the transition state – determines the rate of reaction – if Ea is large, only a few molecular collisions occur with sufficient energy to reach the transition state, and the reaction is slow ...
Ch 6 Lecture 2
... a) Polar covalent bonds must lead to overall dipole = polar Water, alcohols, acetonitrile, acetone b) Nonpolar = small or no net dipole: alkanes, ethers ...
... a) Polar covalent bonds must lead to overall dipole = polar Water, alcohols, acetonitrile, acetone b) Nonpolar = small or no net dipole: alkanes, ethers ...
Chem 30CL-Lecture 12.. - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... Acid removes the BOC group (CO2, tert.-BuOH) Pd-C/H2 removes the benzyl group as toluene ...
... Acid removes the BOC group (CO2, tert.-BuOH) Pd-C/H2 removes the benzyl group as toluene ...
a,b
... Position of the aldol equilibrium depends both on reaction condition and substrate structure • Equilibrium favors condensation product in the case of aldehydes with no a substituent (RCH2CHO) ...
... Position of the aldol equilibrium depends both on reaction condition and substrate structure • Equilibrium favors condensation product in the case of aldehydes with no a substituent (RCH2CHO) ...
Oxidation of Alcohols
... 1. Acid catalyzed hydration 2. Oxymercuration 3. Hydroboration Hydrolysis of alkyl halides (Chapter 8) nucleophilic substitution Reaction of Grignard or organolithium reagents with ketones, aldehydes, and esters. (Chapter 14) ...
... 1. Acid catalyzed hydration 2. Oxymercuration 3. Hydroboration Hydrolysis of alkyl halides (Chapter 8) nucleophilic substitution Reaction of Grignard or organolithium reagents with ketones, aldehydes, and esters. (Chapter 14) ...
121. Acceptorless Dehydrogenation with Metal
... Efficiency of the Metal-ligand Cooperation catalysts are quite high. Catalysts load can be as high as 0.1%. Scope of the substrates are quite large. Aryl, alkyl, alkeyl(some examples) are both appropriate substituent groups of the substrates. Detailed studied about the operation pattern of cat ...
... Efficiency of the Metal-ligand Cooperation catalysts are quite high. Catalysts load can be as high as 0.1%. Scope of the substrates are quite large. Aryl, alkyl, alkeyl(some examples) are both appropriate substituent groups of the substrates. Detailed studied about the operation pattern of cat ...
WRL3502.tmp
... General Concepts Alkyl halides are most commonly synthesized from alcohols by replacing the hydroxyl group with a halide substituent. This is an example of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution, which is part of a very important group of reactions. The overall reaction is the same, but the mechanism v ...
... General Concepts Alkyl halides are most commonly synthesized from alcohols by replacing the hydroxyl group with a halide substituent. This is an example of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution, which is part of a very important group of reactions. The overall reaction is the same, but the mechanism v ...
Baylis–Hillman reaction
The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and an aldehyde, or generally a carbon electrophile. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as tertiary amine and phosphine, this reaction provides a densely functionalized product (e.g. functionalized allyl alcohol in the case of aldehyde as the electrophile). This reaction is also known as the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction or MBH reaction. It is named for the Japanese chemist Ken-ichi Morita, the British chemist Anthony B. Baylis and the German chemist Melville E. D. Hillman.DABCO is one of the most frequently used tertiary amine catalysts for this reaction. In addition, nucleophilic amines such as DMAP and DBU as well as phosphines have been found to successfully catalyze this reaction.MBH reaction has several advantages as a useful synthetic method: 1) It is an atom-economic coupling of easily prepared starting materials. 2) Reaction of a pro-chiral electrophile generates a chiral center, therefore an asymmetric synthesis is possible. 3) Reaction products usually contain multiple functionalities in a proximity so that a variety of further transformations are possible. 4) It can employ a nucleophilic organo-catalytic system without the use of heavy metal under mild conditions.Several reviews have been written.