First palladium- and nickel-catalyzed oxidative
... amination of aryl and alkenyl groups [22], which usually requires higher reaction temperatures, especially for electron-demanding nitrogen groups. In addition, the present protocols for diamination do not require ligand fine-tuning, but rather proceed under ligand-free conditions. In summary, we hav ...
... amination of aryl and alkenyl groups [22], which usually requires higher reaction temperatures, especially for electron-demanding nitrogen groups. In addition, the present protocols for diamination do not require ligand fine-tuning, but rather proceed under ligand-free conditions. In summary, we hav ...
103. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Alcohols in Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Formation of Quaternary Centers by Redox-Neutral Fragment Coupling
... and couple them with Michael acceptors by visible-lightpromoted decarboxylation of carboxylic acids using the photocatalyst Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6 (1) (eq 2).6 In contrast to the reductive coupling of N-phthalimidoyl oxalates, this method produces no byproduct other than CO2. We questioned wheth ...
... and couple them with Michael acceptors by visible-lightpromoted decarboxylation of carboxylic acids using the photocatalyst Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6 (1) (eq 2).6 In contrast to the reductive coupling of N-phthalimidoyl oxalates, this method produces no byproduct other than CO2. We questioned wheth ...
Improved Synthesis of (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9
... of the two species. Thus, a trapping method that is selective for winter moth would be desirable. A geometric isomer of the pheromone, (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene (2), can reportedly inhibit attraction of Bruce spanworm to traps without affecting winter moth catch, but use of the pheromone a ...
... of the two species. Thus, a trapping method that is selective for winter moth would be desirable. A geometric isomer of the pheromone, (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene (2), can reportedly inhibit attraction of Bruce spanworm to traps without affecting winter moth catch, but use of the pheromone a ...
Full Article - PDF - Brandeis University
... The scope of the reaction was found to be extremely general. Clean kinetic resolutions of extraordinarily high enantioselectivities were attainable with a wide range of UNCAs bearing various substituents and protecting groups (Table 3). Using the same extractive procedure for the isolation of 3a and ...
... The scope of the reaction was found to be extremely general. Clean kinetic resolutions of extraordinarily high enantioselectivities were attainable with a wide range of UNCAs bearing various substituents and protecting groups (Table 3). Using the same extractive procedure for the isolation of 3a and ...
Ch. 09 Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides
... • Epoxides bonded to a chain of carbon atoms can also be named as derivatives of oxirane, the simplest epoxide having two carbons and one oxygen atom in a ring. • The oxirane ring is numbered to put the O atom at position one, and the first substituent at position two. • No number is used for a subs ...
... • Epoxides bonded to a chain of carbon atoms can also be named as derivatives of oxirane, the simplest epoxide having two carbons and one oxygen atom in a ring. • The oxirane ring is numbered to put the O atom at position one, and the first substituent at position two. • No number is used for a subs ...
molecules
... alkylhydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide and periodates have been used these transformations [1]. In fact, the majority of the studies are directed toward understanding the mechanism of the catalytic activity of heme-containing enzymes such as cytochrome P-450. Homogeneous metalloporphyrin catalysts w ...
... alkylhydroperoxides, hydrogen peroxide and periodates have been used these transformations [1]. In fact, the majority of the studies are directed toward understanding the mechanism of the catalytic activity of heme-containing enzymes such as cytochrome P-450. Homogeneous metalloporphyrin catalysts w ...
Chapter - FIU Faculty Websites
... • Like gem-diol formation, the synthesis of acetals is reversible, and often, the equilibrium favors the reactants. • In acetal synthesis, since water is formed as a by-product, the equilibrium can be driven to the right by removing H2O as it is formed using distillation or other techniques. Please ...
... • Like gem-diol formation, the synthesis of acetals is reversible, and often, the equilibrium favors the reactants. • In acetal synthesis, since water is formed as a by-product, the equilibrium can be driven to the right by removing H2O as it is formed using distillation or other techniques. Please ...
Applications of Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon and Boron Chemistry:
... below, there is build up of positive charge on the more substituted carbon in the transition state. cf. Markovnikov addition of HX to alkenes ...
... below, there is build up of positive charge on the more substituted carbon in the transition state. cf. Markovnikov addition of HX to alkenes ...
Acid derivatives
... and bond-making occuring simultaneously (the SN2 mechanism) were observed. On the other hand, for most cases of electrophilic aromatic substitution bond-making preceded bond-breaking. As illustrated in the following diagram, acylation reactions generally take place by an addition-elimination process ...
... and bond-making occuring simultaneously (the SN2 mechanism) were observed. On the other hand, for most cases of electrophilic aromatic substitution bond-making preceded bond-breaking. As illustrated in the following diagram, acylation reactions generally take place by an addition-elimination process ...
Learning Guide for Chapter 9 - Alkyl Halides I
... figuring out how to make a compound each reaction you learn will be a tool in your toolbox to make a specific change substitution - alkyl halide to other functional groups What steps should you go through? 1) look at the compound to decide what nucleophiles you could use 2) decide what alkyl halides ...
... figuring out how to make a compound each reaction you learn will be a tool in your toolbox to make a specific change substitution - alkyl halide to other functional groups What steps should you go through? 1) look at the compound to decide what nucleophiles you could use 2) decide what alkyl halides ...
Resolution of Diols via Catalytic Asymmetric Acetalization
... of the acetal stereocenter channels the two diol enantiomers into two highly enantioenriched acetal diastereomers. These can be separated by chromatography on silica gel. In the subsequent deprotection step, enantioenriched diols (R)-2p, (S)-2p and (R)-2s, (S)-2s could be obtained from the correspon ...
... of the acetal stereocenter channels the two diol enantiomers into two highly enantioenriched acetal diastereomers. These can be separated by chromatography on silica gel. In the subsequent deprotection step, enantioenriched diols (R)-2p, (S)-2p and (R)-2s, (S)-2s could be obtained from the correspon ...
Document
... Ruthenium species have been studied intensively. Komiya and his coworkers have reported the catalytic effect of the ruthenium(II) enolate 1115a and iron(II)- and ruthenium(II)- complexes 1215b,c in simple Michael additions (Entries 1 and 2). Similar results, based on the intermediacy of N-bound α-cy ...
... Ruthenium species have been studied intensively. Komiya and his coworkers have reported the catalytic effect of the ruthenium(II) enolate 1115a and iron(II)- and ruthenium(II)- complexes 1215b,c in simple Michael additions (Entries 1 and 2). Similar results, based on the intermediacy of N-bound α-cy ...
Document
... Like NH3 amines can H-bond, because of this small amines are sol. in water. Large amines disrupt H-bonding in water. 2.3 Amines as bases: Lone pair on N can take part in dative covalent bonds. When electron pair is donated to H+, ammonia acts as a proton acceptor i.e a base. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ...
... Like NH3 amines can H-bond, because of this small amines are sol. in water. Large amines disrupt H-bonding in water. 2.3 Amines as bases: Lone pair on N can take part in dative covalent bonds. When electron pair is donated to H+, ammonia acts as a proton acceptor i.e a base. NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ...
organic sample test
... plastic toy (polyethylene) you threw away when you were six years old. Why would this toy still be largely intact? (2 marks) Essay ...
... plastic toy (polyethylene) you threw away when you were six years old. Why would this toy still be largely intact? (2 marks) Essay ...
Chapter Sixteen Aldehydes and Ketones
... ► Aldehydes and ketones establish equilibria with alcohols to form hemiacetals or acetals. ► Hemiacetals, which have an -OH and an -OR on what was the carbonyl carbon, result from addition of one alcohol molecule to the C=O bond. ► The more stable acetals, which have two -OR groups on what was the c ...
... ► Aldehydes and ketones establish equilibria with alcohols to form hemiacetals or acetals. ► Hemiacetals, which have an -OH and an -OR on what was the carbonyl carbon, result from addition of one alcohol molecule to the C=O bond. ► The more stable acetals, which have two -OR groups on what was the c ...
interaction of alcohols with alkalies under autogeneous pressure
... It is evident from the results that hydrated sodium acetate undergoes very little decomposition when heated in presence of hydrogen (1,400-3,70) p.s.i.g.). But when the anhydrous salt is subjected to heating the decomposition of the acetate into carbonate is slightly enhanced. The substitution of hy ...
... It is evident from the results that hydrated sodium acetate undergoes very little decomposition when heated in presence of hydrogen (1,400-3,70) p.s.i.g.). But when the anhydrous salt is subjected to heating the decomposition of the acetate into carbonate is slightly enhanced. The substitution of hy ...
List of Objectives for Chem52
... periodinane, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), pyridinium dichromate (PDC), Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4, or CrO3, or KMnO4/NaOH/H2O. (Dess-Martin periodinane, PCC and PDC will oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. Chromic acid, chromium trioxide, and permanganate will oxidize pr ...
... periodinane, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), pyridinium dichromate (PDC), Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4, or CrO3, or KMnO4/NaOH/H2O. (Dess-Martin periodinane, PCC and PDC will oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. Chromic acid, chromium trioxide, and permanganate will oxidize pr ...
Reactions involving HCl and their Evaporation
... fluoroacetate groups behind) is well established in scientific literature. However the removal of excess acid from samples can be problematic especially when working with samples in parallel as most commercial centrifugal evaporators contain non-glass components that are degraded by concentrated HCl ...
... fluoroacetate groups behind) is well established in scientific literature. However the removal of excess acid from samples can be problematic especially when working with samples in parallel as most commercial centrifugal evaporators contain non-glass components that are degraded by concentrated HCl ...
A GRIGNARD REACTION: SYNTHESIS OF 2-METHYL-2
... 2. The Grignard reagent is mixed with a compound that has an electron-deficient carbonyl carbon. In this case, acetone is used. The electron-rich C attacks the electron-poor C forming a new C-C bond. Simultaneously, the carbonyl oxygen atom takes up one pair of electrons, creating the anion of an al ...
... 2. The Grignard reagent is mixed with a compound that has an electron-deficient carbonyl carbon. In this case, acetone is used. The electron-rich C attacks the electron-poor C forming a new C-C bond. Simultaneously, the carbonyl oxygen atom takes up one pair of electrons, creating the anion of an al ...
Guide_to_Life_in_Orgo_Ib
... Predict the products of electrophilic addition reactions of conjugated dienes, and explain why certain products are favored using the concept of the allylic carbocation. ...
... Predict the products of electrophilic addition reactions of conjugated dienes, and explain why certain products are favored using the concept of the allylic carbocation. ...
Chapter 9
... Aromatic rings can be sulfonated in the laboratory by reaction with fuming sulfuric acid, a mixture of H2SO4 and SO3 • The reactive electrophile is either HSO3+ or neutral SO3 • Substitution occurs by the same two-step mechanism seen for bromination and nitration • Aromatic sulfonation does not occu ...
... Aromatic rings can be sulfonated in the laboratory by reaction with fuming sulfuric acid, a mixture of H2SO4 and SO3 • The reactive electrophile is either HSO3+ or neutral SO3 • Substitution occurs by the same two-step mechanism seen for bromination and nitration • Aromatic sulfonation does not occu ...
alcohol
... In the body, similar oxidation are accomplished by enzymes, together with rather complex coenzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+. This reaction takes place in the liver and is a key step in the body’s attempt to rid itself of imbibed alcohol. The resulting acetaldehyde is also toxic ...
... In the body, similar oxidation are accomplished by enzymes, together with rather complex coenzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+. This reaction takes place in the liver and is a key step in the body’s attempt to rid itself of imbibed alcohol. The resulting acetaldehyde is also toxic ...
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production
... from the liquid phase (Eley–Rideal mechanism).22,23 Both homogeneous Brönsted (H2SO4, p-toluensolfonic acid5,20) and Lewis (metal acetate,10,15,18–20 metal complexes24) acid catalysts have been used in biodiesel synthesis, and both catalyze either transesterification and esterification reactions.25 ...
... from the liquid phase (Eley–Rideal mechanism).22,23 Both homogeneous Brönsted (H2SO4, p-toluensolfonic acid5,20) and Lewis (metal acetate,10,15,18–20 metal complexes24) acid catalysts have been used in biodiesel synthesis, and both catalyze either transesterification and esterification reactions.25 ...
Baylis–Hillman reaction
The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and an aldehyde, or generally a carbon electrophile. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as tertiary amine and phosphine, this reaction provides a densely functionalized product (e.g. functionalized allyl alcohol in the case of aldehyde as the electrophile). This reaction is also known as the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction or MBH reaction. It is named for the Japanese chemist Ken-ichi Morita, the British chemist Anthony B. Baylis and the German chemist Melville E. D. Hillman.DABCO is one of the most frequently used tertiary amine catalysts for this reaction. In addition, nucleophilic amines such as DMAP and DBU as well as phosphines have been found to successfully catalyze this reaction.MBH reaction has several advantages as a useful synthetic method: 1) It is an atom-economic coupling of easily prepared starting materials. 2) Reaction of a pro-chiral electrophile generates a chiral center, therefore an asymmetric synthesis is possible. 3) Reaction products usually contain multiple functionalities in a proximity so that a variety of further transformations are possible. 4) It can employ a nucleophilic organo-catalytic system without the use of heavy metal under mild conditions.Several reviews have been written.