Contribution of 13C-NMR spectroscopy to the elucidation of
... pyruvate and oxaloacetate are formed, respectively. These intermediates can be partially oxidized to acetate and partially reduced to propionate leading to stoichiometries as given in Table 2 (Eqs. 1 and 2). Also glutamate may be converted reductively to propionate (Table 2, Eq. 3). This was describ ...
... pyruvate and oxaloacetate are formed, respectively. These intermediates can be partially oxidized to acetate and partially reduced to propionate leading to stoichiometries as given in Table 2 (Eqs. 1 and 2). Also glutamate may be converted reductively to propionate (Table 2, Eq. 3). This was describ ...
ESTUDIO DE LOS MECANISMOS DE INHIBICIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CARNITINA PALMITOILTRANSFERASA 1
... each protein sequence as a point in a multidimensional space (SequenceSpace) and multivariate statistics, principal component analysis, to allow reduction of the number of dimensions. This representation allows us not only to define clusters of proteins according to specific properties by choosing t ...
... each protein sequence as a point in a multidimensional space (SequenceSpace) and multivariate statistics, principal component analysis, to allow reduction of the number of dimensions. This representation allows us not only to define clusters of proteins according to specific properties by choosing t ...
Eram_SeyedMohammad - UWSpace
... primary structure of the genes encoding each of the POR four subunits were determined using inverse PCR and the primer-walking approaches. The deduced amino acid sequences of both PORs were compared with available sequences from other organisms. Both activities of POR and PDC were highly sensitive t ...
... primary structure of the genes encoding each of the POR four subunits were determined using inverse PCR and the primer-walking approaches. The deduced amino acid sequences of both PORs were compared with available sequences from other organisms. Both activities of POR and PDC were highly sensitive t ...
Raines, ChemRev 1998
... its integrity and solubility under drastic conditions: first, 0.25 N sulfuric acid at 5 °C, and then, pH 3.0 at 95-100 °C.84 The final step in this protocol calls for crystallization of the enzyme. The three-dimensional structure of RNase A is fully encoded by its amino acid sequence.85-89 This disc ...
... its integrity and solubility under drastic conditions: first, 0.25 N sulfuric acid at 5 °C, and then, pH 3.0 at 95-100 °C.84 The final step in this protocol calls for crystallization of the enzyme. The three-dimensional structure of RNase A is fully encoded by its amino acid sequence.85-89 This disc ...
Aalborg Universitet metabolic engineering approach
... fuel dependency are some of the major problems of the 21st century. Biorefineries as a concept can be seen as one part of a solution as it gives the possibility of replacing oil refinery products with sustainable biomass derived substitutes. There are many types of biorefinery systems; the most desc ...
... fuel dependency are some of the major problems of the 21st century. Biorefineries as a concept can be seen as one part of a solution as it gives the possibility of replacing oil refinery products with sustainable biomass derived substitutes. There are many types of biorefinery systems; the most desc ...
Beta-alanine Supplementation
... Effects of Beta-alanine on Neuromuscular Fatigue and Ventilatory Threshold in Women 22 normal-weight women (ages 26 to 29 years) were subjects in a 4 week beta-alanine supplementation trial Dose of beta-alanine or placebo (maltodextrin) was 800 mg 4 times/day for the first week, and 1,600 mg 4 ...
... Effects of Beta-alanine on Neuromuscular Fatigue and Ventilatory Threshold in Women 22 normal-weight women (ages 26 to 29 years) were subjects in a 4 week beta-alanine supplementation trial Dose of beta-alanine or placebo (maltodextrin) was 800 mg 4 times/day for the first week, and 1,600 mg 4 ...
The Amino-acid Sequence in the Phenylalanyl Chain of Insulin
... by conversion to -SO3H groups (Sanger, 1949 a) and the molecule is split into its separate polypeptide chains. From the oxidized insulin two fractions could be isolated: an acidic fraction A, which contained only glycyl N-terminal residues (see below) and no basic amino-acids, and a basic fraction B ...
... by conversion to -SO3H groups (Sanger, 1949 a) and the molecule is split into its separate polypeptide chains. From the oxidized insulin two fractions could be isolated: an acidic fraction A, which contained only glycyl N-terminal residues (see below) and no basic amino-acids, and a basic fraction B ...
Propionic Acid Degradation by Syntrophic Bacteria During
... involved microorganisms. Sulfate was determined as the most successful electron acceptor. A tri-culture was isolated from a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) during growth on propionate with sulfate addition. This consisted of three morphologically different organisms: Syntrophobacter-like lem ...
... involved microorganisms. Sulfate was determined as the most successful electron acceptor. A tri-culture was isolated from a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) during growth on propionate with sulfate addition. This consisted of three morphologically different organisms: Syntrophobacter-like lem ...
Patterns, motifs, PSI-BLAST
... • Poor predictors that tend to recognize only the sequence of the training set. • No scoring system, only binary response (YES/NO). ...
... • Poor predictors that tend to recognize only the sequence of the training set. • No scoring system, only binary response (YES/NO). ...
Structural elements defining elongation factor Tu mediated
... balance of strong and weak interactions with the aa and tRNA moieties of the aminoacylated tRNA (15). This suggests that the poor affinity of some misacylated tRNAs for EF-Tu results from weak binding interactions at both the aa and tRNA contact sites. However, the structural determinants that modulat ...
... balance of strong and weak interactions with the aa and tRNA moieties of the aminoacylated tRNA (15). This suggests that the poor affinity of some misacylated tRNAs for EF-Tu results from weak binding interactions at both the aa and tRNA contact sites. However, the structural determinants that modulat ...
Multiple sequence alignment for phylogenetic purposes
... illustrates the points that I wish to make—I do not suggest that anyone would necessarily wish to analyse these data for phylogenetic purposes. (Note, incidentally, that if I used a nucleotide sequence instead of an amino acid sequence as my example, then I would choose a sequence coding for a struc ...
... illustrates the points that I wish to make—I do not suggest that anyone would necessarily wish to analyse these data for phylogenetic purposes. (Note, incidentally, that if I used a nucleotide sequence instead of an amino acid sequence as my example, then I would choose a sequence coding for a struc ...
Advances in Chemical Protein Modification
... relied upon reactions at nucleophilic amino acids, particularly cysteine (Cys) or lysine (Lys) residues (Scheme 1).13 Cysteine easily undergoes disulfide exchange to form mixed disulfides14 and also alkylation with suitable electrophiles that include α-halocarbonyls (e.g., iodoacetamide)14 and Michael ...
... relied upon reactions at nucleophilic amino acids, particularly cysteine (Cys) or lysine (Lys) residues (Scheme 1).13 Cysteine easily undergoes disulfide exchange to form mixed disulfides14 and also alkylation with suitable electrophiles that include α-halocarbonyls (e.g., iodoacetamide)14 and Michael ...
Functional and Biochemical Analysis of Glucose-6
... is genetically heterogeneous with 217 mutations reported, which have been mainly found in the coding regions and are buried in the enzyme, producing functionally-deficient G6PD variants [2]. This enzymopathy is usually diagnosed and classified through hematological studies and classified based on th ...
... is genetically heterogeneous with 217 mutations reported, which have been mainly found in the coding regions and are buried in the enzyme, producing functionally-deficient G6PD variants [2]. This enzymopathy is usually diagnosed and classified through hematological studies and classified based on th ...
University of Groningen Citrate driven transamination for
... oxidative decarboxylation reaction (38, 73), but the majority is decarboxylated to acetoin by αacetolactate decarboxylase (ALD). The latter enzyme is encoded by the aldB gene located in the leu-ilv-ald operon that is responsible for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. Inactivation of ald ...
... oxidative decarboxylation reaction (38, 73), but the majority is decarboxylated to acetoin by αacetolactate decarboxylase (ALD). The latter enzyme is encoded by the aldB gene located in the leu-ilv-ald operon that is responsible for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. Inactivation of ald ...
Methods and strategies of peptide ligation
... occupying NT positions can be considered as NTamine-nucleophiles. Since not all amino acids contain a side-chain nucleophile and since NT-amine-nucleophiles have different reactivity toward the complementary CT-acyl-electrophiles, they provide a mechanism to distinguish one NT-amine from another. Th ...
... occupying NT positions can be considered as NTamine-nucleophiles. Since not all amino acids contain a side-chain nucleophile and since NT-amine-nucleophiles have different reactivity toward the complementary CT-acyl-electrophiles, they provide a mechanism to distinguish one NT-amine from another. Th ...
Reprint
... In the presence of electron donors AH (Tyr, ascorbate, urate, nitrite, catecholamines, and many aromatic xenobiotics), Compound I can be turned into Compound II (MPO-Fe4+-OH) and can oxidize AH by one-electron transfer with formation of A•-radicals (reaction 3, Fig. 1) [12, 16, 19]. Compound II is c ...
... In the presence of electron donors AH (Tyr, ascorbate, urate, nitrite, catecholamines, and many aromatic xenobiotics), Compound I can be turned into Compound II (MPO-Fe4+-OH) and can oxidize AH by one-electron transfer with formation of A•-radicals (reaction 3, Fig. 1) [12, 16, 19]. Compound II is c ...
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed
... orchids, Vanilla planifolia and V. tahitensis are the source of natural vanilla1, although trace amounts of vanillin can be found in a variety of different plant species scattered in the plant kingdom2. Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is the main flavour component of vanilla extract from c ...
... orchids, Vanilla planifolia and V. tahitensis are the source of natural vanilla1, although trace amounts of vanillin can be found in a variety of different plant species scattered in the plant kingdom2. Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is the main flavour component of vanilla extract from c ...
Facile and green production of aqueous graphene dispersions for
... one-atom-thick, two-dimensional honeycomb-like hexagonal structure. Graphene was discovered in 20041 and since then has found many applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.2 In particular, graphene has emerged as a functional material in biomedicine (e.g. gene and drug delivery,3 photothermal ...
... one-atom-thick, two-dimensional honeycomb-like hexagonal structure. Graphene was discovered in 20041 and since then has found many applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.2 In particular, graphene has emerged as a functional material in biomedicine (e.g. gene and drug delivery,3 photothermal ...
Amino Acid-Protecting Groups
... - α,α-Dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Ddz).36 Although Ddz is more acid-stable than the Bpoc and the Trt groups, its removal with 1-5% TFA in DCM makes it compatible with t Bu-type side chain protection.,37 It can also be removed by photolysis at wavelengths above 280 nm,36 which makes it p ...
... - α,α-Dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Ddz).36 Although Ddz is more acid-stable than the Bpoc and the Trt groups, its removal with 1-5% TFA in DCM makes it compatible with t Bu-type side chain protection.,37 It can also be removed by photolysis at wavelengths above 280 nm,36 which makes it p ...
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the -threonine
... and acetaldehyde (Simic et al., 2002). The main substrate of this enzyme is L-serine with which the cleavage activity is 24-fold higher than with L-threonine. In E. coli, two enzymes, threonine dehydrogenase encoded by the tdh gene (Bell and Turner, 1976) and threonine aldolase encoded by the ltaE g ...
... and acetaldehyde (Simic et al., 2002). The main substrate of this enzyme is L-serine with which the cleavage activity is 24-fold higher than with L-threonine. In E. coli, two enzymes, threonine dehydrogenase encoded by the tdh gene (Bell and Turner, 1976) and threonine aldolase encoded by the ltaE g ...
Document
... The chemical extraction method resulted in lower moisture content than the aqueous extraction method. On the other hand, there was a significant (p < 0.05) different between the moisture content of the crude and purified durian seed gums. In general, all purification methods led to reduce the moistu ...
... The chemical extraction method resulted in lower moisture content than the aqueous extraction method. On the other hand, there was a significant (p < 0.05) different between the moisture content of the crude and purified durian seed gums. In general, all purification methods led to reduce the moistu ...
novel aspects of carnitine function and metabolism
... MCFA is able to undergo one or two cycles of peroxisomal β-oxidation. This shows that peroxisomes may have a more prominent role than earlier assumed in the oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids which are not typically metabolized in this cellular compartment, potentially acting as a compensatory ...
... MCFA is able to undergo one or two cycles of peroxisomal β-oxidation. This shows that peroxisomes may have a more prominent role than earlier assumed in the oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids which are not typically metabolized in this cellular compartment, potentially acting as a compensatory ...
glucagon superfamily peptides exhibiting nuclear hormone
... with the effect more pronounced at a high dose (Figure 12a). Figure 12b illustrates that mice that were administered the inactive, estrogen-labile d-amino acid containing GLP-1/Estrogen(3ester) conjugate consumed significantly less food than mice that were administered inactive damino acid containi ...
... with the effect more pronounced at a high dose (Figure 12a). Figure 12b illustrates that mice that were administered the inactive, estrogen-labile d-amino acid containing GLP-1/Estrogen(3ester) conjugate consumed significantly less food than mice that were administered inactive damino acid containi ...
4-YEAR DEGREE PROGRAMME I BIOCHEMISTRY YEAR I A
... BCH 401: Chemistry of Biological Polymers 2 Units Prerequisite: BCH 301, BCH 302 A comprehensive study of the structure and physico-chemical properties in solution of bio molecules. Amino acid structure and properties, primary structure of protein conformation and methods of analysis. Protein struc ...
... BCH 401: Chemistry of Biological Polymers 2 Units Prerequisite: BCH 301, BCH 302 A comprehensive study of the structure and physico-chemical properties in solution of bio molecules. Amino acid structure and properties, primary structure of protein conformation and methods of analysis. Protein struc ...
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is accomplished by the ribosome, which links amino acids in an order specified by mRNA, using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.The code defines how sequences of these nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see the RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact some variant codes have evolved. For example, protein synthesis in human mitochondria relies on a genetic code that differs from the standard genetic code.While the genetic code determines the protein sequence for a given coding region, other genomic regions can influence when and where these proteins are produced.