22. Dark Matter and the Fate of the Universe
... • Our Galactic halo should contain baryonic matter which is dark: • low-mass M dwarfs, brown dwarfs, and Jovian-sized planets • they are too faint to be seen at large distances • they have been called “MAssive Compact Halo Objects” or MACHOs ...
... • Our Galactic halo should contain baryonic matter which is dark: • low-mass M dwarfs, brown dwarfs, and Jovian-sized planets • they are too faint to be seen at large distances • they have been called “MAssive Compact Halo Objects” or MACHOs ...
Publisher: Emily Barrosse Acquisitions Editor: Kelley Tyner
... is nova). In the next section, we will see how white dwarfs may also be contributors to even more luminous objects now known as supernovae. A nova is newly visible, but is not really new. It represents a star system’s brightening by a factor of 100 to a million, which corresponds to 5 to 15 magnitud ...
... is nova). In the next section, we will see how white dwarfs may also be contributors to even more luminous objects now known as supernovae. A nova is newly visible, but is not really new. It represents a star system’s brightening by a factor of 100 to a million, which corresponds to 5 to 15 magnitud ...
Notes (PowerPoint)
... acceleration, no force o Inverse also true: no force means no acceleration, result is no change in velocity: no change in speed and no change in direction • “An object in motion tends to stay in motion. An object at rest tends to stay at rest.” ...
... acceleration, no force o Inverse also true: no force means no acceleration, result is no change in velocity: no change in speed and no change in direction • “An object in motion tends to stay in motion. An object at rest tends to stay at rest.” ...
1. Chapter 10
... days at a time. We have learned through experiments and observations that the stars are like our Sun, giving off light and heat, but are very far away. Thousands of years ago, what must people have thought when they looked up at the sky? Many people in early civilizations were farmers. They needed t ...
... days at a time. We have learned through experiments and observations that the stars are like our Sun, giving off light and heat, but are very far away. Thousands of years ago, what must people have thought when they looked up at the sky? Many people in early civilizations were farmers. They needed t ...
Galaxies
... where (Fix(t), Fiy(t)) is the force acting on particle i with mass mi, (xi(t), yi(t)) and (vix(t), viy(t)) are its position and velocity at time t respectively. The force is due to the gravitational attraction of other particles. 5.) The data was then analyzed and demonstrated by the animation progr ...
... where (Fix(t), Fiy(t)) is the force acting on particle i with mass mi, (xi(t), yi(t)) and (vix(t), viy(t)) are its position and velocity at time t respectively. The force is due to the gravitational attraction of other particles. 5.) The data was then analyzed and demonstrated by the animation progr ...
Other galaxies, the expansion of the universe
... In two papers in 1933 and 1937 the Swiss-American astronomer Fritz Zwicky (1898-1974) discovered that the Coma cluster must contain much more mass than could be identified in stars and gas. He attributed this to some form of mysterious dark matter. Other astronomers ignored these findings until the ...
... In two papers in 1933 and 1937 the Swiss-American astronomer Fritz Zwicky (1898-1974) discovered that the Coma cluster must contain much more mass than could be identified in stars and gas. He attributed this to some form of mysterious dark matter. Other astronomers ignored these findings until the ...
Example 13.1 Billiards, Anyone? Three 0.300
... the advantage of allowing an earthbound antenna to be aimed in a fixed direction, but there is a disadvantage in that the signals between the Earth and the satellite must travel a long distance. It is difficult to use geosynchronous satellites for optical observation of the Earth’s surface because o ...
... the advantage of allowing an earthbound antenna to be aimed in a fixed direction, but there is a disadvantage in that the signals between the Earth and the satellite must travel a long distance. It is difficult to use geosynchronous satellites for optical observation of the Earth’s surface because o ...
Galaxy Questions Info
... (pinwheel-shaped) arms, a bulge at its center, and a halo. Spiral galaxies have a variety of shapes, and they are classified according to the size of the bulge and the tightness and appearance of the arms. The spiral arms, which wrap around the bulge, contain many young blue stars and lots of gas an ...
... (pinwheel-shaped) arms, a bulge at its center, and a halo. Spiral galaxies have a variety of shapes, and they are classified according to the size of the bulge and the tightness and appearance of the arms. The spiral arms, which wrap around the bulge, contain many young blue stars and lots of gas an ...
The Local Bubble
... • Cluster age: put de-reddened cluster stars into CMD; turn-off point from isochrones (Schaller 1992) • Association had entered present LB volume rather off-center 10 to 15 Myr ago • Since then, 14 to 20 SN explosions should have occured (last explosion only ~0.5 Myr ago) • Corresponding energy inpu ...
... • Cluster age: put de-reddened cluster stars into CMD; turn-off point from isochrones (Schaller 1992) • Association had entered present LB volume rather off-center 10 to 15 Myr ago • Since then, 14 to 20 SN explosions should have occured (last explosion only ~0.5 Myr ago) • Corresponding energy inpu ...
Space Exploration and Cosmic Evolution
... beginning with H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds, and popularized so well in contemporary science fiction, that aliens will destroy us or inflict some great cultural shock upon us. For every one of the fantastic and uplifting dreams associated with the journey into outer space, there is a potential ...
... beginning with H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds, and popularized so well in contemporary science fiction, that aliens will destroy us or inflict some great cultural shock upon us. For every one of the fantastic and uplifting dreams associated with the journey into outer space, there is a potential ...
Pop Goes the Universe
... Agency held an international press conference to announce new results from a satellite called Planck. The spacecraft had mapped the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, light emitted more than 13 billion years ago just after the big bang, in better detail than ever before. The new map, scien ...
... Agency held an international press conference to announce new results from a satellite called Planck. The spacecraft had mapped the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, light emitted more than 13 billion years ago just after the big bang, in better detail than ever before. The new map, scien ...
Astronomy and the Bible
... The popular theory is that stars form from vast clouds of gas and dust through gravitational contraction. Because of heat pressure gas and dust clouds will expand, NOT contract. “The complete birth of a star has never been observed. The principles of physics demand some special conditions for st ...
... The popular theory is that stars form from vast clouds of gas and dust through gravitational contraction. Because of heat pressure gas and dust clouds will expand, NOT contract. “The complete birth of a star has never been observed. The principles of physics demand some special conditions for st ...
J. M. Greenberg, J. S. Gillette, G. Muñoz Caro, T. B. Mahajan, R. N.
... & Kissel 1987). Although the exact composition of the comet dust was difficult to construct, some aromatic species were inferred (Kissel & Krueger 1987). Direct evidence presently exists for at least one PAH, phenanthrene (178 amu), in comet Halley’s coma (Moreels et al. 1994). Additionally, the sim ...
... & Kissel 1987). Although the exact composition of the comet dust was difficult to construct, some aromatic species were inferred (Kissel & Krueger 1987). Direct evidence presently exists for at least one PAH, phenanthrene (178 amu), in comet Halley’s coma (Moreels et al. 1994). Additionally, the sim ...
Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... Stars are classified by color, temperature, size, composition, and brightness. Light travels 9.5 million million kilometers in one year. The sun has a surface temperature of about 5,800ºC. ...
... Stars are classified by color, temperature, size, composition, and brightness. Light travels 9.5 million million kilometers in one year. The sun has a surface temperature of about 5,800ºC. ...
Ch. 22
... Astronomers now believe that most of any galaxy’s mass lies beyond the portions of the galaxy that we can see. a. Yes, because the orbital velocity of gas and stars remains fairly constant as we look farther from the galactic center, even beyond where most stars are found. b. Yes, because dark matt ...
... Astronomers now believe that most of any galaxy’s mass lies beyond the portions of the galaxy that we can see. a. Yes, because the orbital velocity of gas and stars remains fairly constant as we look farther from the galactic center, even beyond where most stars are found. b. Yes, because dark matt ...
dark matter - University of Texas Astronomy Home Page
... 2. At right is a picture of a spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way. The orbits of three stars are labeled. Star A is on the edge of the bulge. The Sun’s orbit is marked by Star B and Star C is farther out in the disk than the Sun. Which star do you think is traveling fastest and which is traveling ...
... 2. At right is a picture of a spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way. The orbits of three stars are labeled. Star A is on the edge of the bulge. The Sun’s orbit is marked by Star B and Star C is farther out in the disk than the Sun. Which star do you think is traveling fastest and which is traveling ...
"Cosmic furnaces"()
... Life on Earth depends entirely upon the Sun. So vital is its light and warmth that, from ancient times, it has often been worshipped. More recently, we have come to understand that not only do we rely on our local star to sustain us, but that we actually exist because of other, long dead, stars. The ...
... Life on Earth depends entirely upon the Sun. So vital is its light and warmth that, from ancient times, it has often been worshipped. More recently, we have come to understand that not only do we rely on our local star to sustain us, but that we actually exist because of other, long dead, stars. The ...
Astrophysical Conditions for Planetary Habitability - Max
... more likely, in space. For us to detect life on an exoplanet, that life must be able to modify the planet’s atmosphere in such a way that we can detect it, as it has done here on Earth. Earth’s atmosphere contains 21% O2 and 1.7 ppmv CH4 , both of which are produced almost entirely by organisms. The ...
... more likely, in space. For us to detect life on an exoplanet, that life must be able to modify the planet’s atmosphere in such a way that we can detect it, as it has done here on Earth. Earth’s atmosphere contains 21% O2 and 1.7 ppmv CH4 , both of which are produced almost entirely by organisms. The ...
Astro Physics Notes and Study Guide 2015-17
... As the Universe expands it does not expand into something (like expanding into a void) because if space came into existence at the Big Bang then there must be “no-thing” before it that it could expand “into”. ...
... As the Universe expands it does not expand into something (like expanding into a void) because if space came into existence at the Big Bang then there must be “no-thing” before it that it could expand “into”. ...
doc - StealthSkater
... book-like structure defined by the generalized imbedding space with pages labeled by differed values of Planck constant. Magnetic flux tubes can be regarded as outcomes of cosmic expansion thickening the extremely thin cosmic strings and weakening the extremely strong magnetic fields inside them. Cl ...
... book-like structure defined by the generalized imbedding space with pages labeled by differed values of Planck constant. Magnetic flux tubes can be regarded as outcomes of cosmic expansion thickening the extremely thin cosmic strings and weakening the extremely strong magnetic fields inside them. Cl ...
Math Skill density Honors
... packed together with a total density of 3.03 1014 g/cm3. If you had a 1.40 cm3 sample of this matter (about the size of a sugar cube), what would its mass be? ___________________________________________________________________ ...
... packed together with a total density of 3.03 1014 g/cm3. If you had a 1.40 cm3 sample of this matter (about the size of a sugar cube), what would its mass be? ___________________________________________________________________ ...
Kuiper Belt
... • Notice from the image that the Kuiper Belt is relatively flat, like the rest of the solar system. • Also notice that Pluto’s orbit takes it kinda over and under the Kuiper Belt, but certainly out far enough. • Despite being really friggin’ far away (“really friggin’” = 30-50 au), the Kuiper Belt h ...
... • Notice from the image that the Kuiper Belt is relatively flat, like the rest of the solar system. • Also notice that Pluto’s orbit takes it kinda over and under the Kuiper Belt, but certainly out far enough. • Despite being really friggin’ far away (“really friggin’” = 30-50 au), the Kuiper Belt h ...
Interacting Galaxies
... While galaxies collide, with very rare exceptions, the stars within them do not. This is because so much of a galaxy is simply empty space, with distances between stars about 100 million times larger than their stellar diameters. What collides is the gas and dust between the stars, which produces a ...
... While galaxies collide, with very rare exceptions, the stars within them do not. This is because so much of a galaxy is simply empty space, with distances between stars about 100 million times larger than their stellar diameters. What collides is the gas and dust between the stars, which produces a ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.