An analogy
... Peculiar galaxies: do not fit into the Hubble sequence. They show - distortions induced by gravitational processes - gas and dust where unexpected - strong burst of star formation Nearly all due to mergers or interactions with other galaxies ...
... Peculiar galaxies: do not fit into the Hubble sequence. They show - distortions induced by gravitational processes - gas and dust where unexpected - strong burst of star formation Nearly all due to mergers or interactions with other galaxies ...
Vlasov-code simulation J. B¨uchner
... Particle-In-Cell- (PIC) approaches (see, e.g., Birdsall and Langdon, 1985). The PICapproach restores and even exaggerates the coarse-graininess of the plasma by restoring and even exaggerating the discrete character of its elements, the particles, clustering many of them into macro-particles. At lea ...
... Particle-In-Cell- (PIC) approaches (see, e.g., Birdsall and Langdon, 1985). The PICapproach restores and even exaggerates the coarse-graininess of the plasma by restoring and even exaggerating the discrete character of its elements, the particles, clustering many of them into macro-particles. At lea ...
Artificial comets
... star, a “ball of gas” that constantly releases gas flows from its outer atmosphere – or solar wind - into space. When a comet is close to the Sun, gas particles within its nucleus are discharged and pushed in the opposite direction to the Sun by the solar wind. By the way, the ...
... star, a “ball of gas” that constantly releases gas flows from its outer atmosphere – or solar wind - into space. When a comet is close to the Sun, gas particles within its nucleus are discharged and pushed in the opposite direction to the Sun by the solar wind. By the way, the ...
Proposal submitted to ISSI
... considered without a more general characterization of the observed planets. It is thus necessary to study the potential signatures of life in the context of the expected diversity of planets and the evolution or modification of their atmospheres due to the interaction with energetic particles (cosmi ...
... considered without a more general characterization of the observed planets. It is thus necessary to study the potential signatures of life in the context of the expected diversity of planets and the evolution or modification of their atmospheres due to the interaction with energetic particles (cosmi ...
November 19, 2013 - In the News Story 1
... closer to its lower right, and bright Jupiter far to its lower left. Wednesday, November 20 • By late evening the waning Moon is up in the east. It's now part of a long, ragged, roughly horizontal snake. From right to left: Rigel in Orion's foot in the east-southeast, Orion's Belt, Betelgeuse, the M ...
... closer to its lower right, and bright Jupiter far to its lower left. Wednesday, November 20 • By late evening the waning Moon is up in the east. It's now part of a long, ragged, roughly horizontal snake. From right to left: Rigel in Orion's foot in the east-southeast, Orion's Belt, Betelgeuse, the M ...
24.1 Hubble`s Galaxy Classification
... Coma Cluster (a) A collection of many galaxies, each consisting of hundreds of billions of stars. Called the Coma Cluster, this group of galaxies lies more than 100 million pc from Earth. (The blue spiked object at top right is a nearby star; every other object in this image is a galaxy.) (b) A rece ...
... Coma Cluster (a) A collection of many galaxies, each consisting of hundreds of billions of stars. Called the Coma Cluster, this group of galaxies lies more than 100 million pc from Earth. (The blue spiked object at top right is a nearby star; every other object in this image is a galaxy.) (b) A rece ...
RAL Space - Science and Technology Facilities Council
... launched in October 2006. Two identical probes are now in solar orbit, one flying ahead of the Earth and one behind the Earth, from where they look back at the Sun and the space between the Sun and the Earth. This twoplatform view allows 3D images of the Sun to be produced. However, it is the RAL-le ...
... launched in October 2006. Two identical probes are now in solar orbit, one flying ahead of the Earth and one behind the Earth, from where they look back at the Sun and the space between the Sun and the Earth. This twoplatform view allows 3D images of the Sun to be produced. However, it is the RAL-le ...
Staff Application - University of Utah School of Computing
... equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 120 mm high during contraction of the heart (systole) and 80 mm high during relaxation (diastole). Sometimes, however, for a variety of reasons, the blood vessels may lose their flexibility, or the muscles surrounding them may force them to c ...
... equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 120 mm high during contraction of the heart (systole) and 80 mm high during relaxation (diastole). Sometimes, however, for a variety of reasons, the blood vessels may lose their flexibility, or the muscles surrounding them may force them to c ...
Question: What is PRISM? PRISM is a space mission concept
... planes of tens of thousands of detectors on a number of ground-‐based telescopes. It is a near sure bet that lensing B-‐modes will be directly detected on small scales with this ...
... planes of tens of thousands of detectors on a number of ground-‐based telescopes. It is a near sure bet that lensing B-‐modes will be directly detected on small scales with this ...
Chemistry of Silicate Atmospheres of Evaporating Super
... The D/H ratio of Venus’ atmosphere is about 160 times larger than that of standard mean ocean water (SMOW), which suggests that Venus initially had a similar water content, which was lost subsequently (Fegley 2004). Venus may have lost its water while the Earth did not because Venus is both slightly ...
... The D/H ratio of Venus’ atmosphere is about 160 times larger than that of standard mean ocean water (SMOW), which suggests that Venus initially had a similar water content, which was lost subsequently (Fegley 2004). Venus may have lost its water while the Earth did not because Venus is both slightly ...
IBEX
... IBEX’s primary mission will last for two years. If the spacecraft is healthy in mid-2010, and if NASA’s budget permits, then the mission may be extended. From 2008 to 2010, the Sun’s activity level will increase, which may push the ...
... IBEX’s primary mission will last for two years. If the spacecraft is healthy in mid-2010, and if NASA’s budget permits, then the mission may be extended. From 2008 to 2010, the Sun’s activity level will increase, which may push the ...
INDEPENDENT STUDY Astronomy.cwk (DR)
... “Go to where the real action is ..... the moons! Discover Europa; a moon that may have the only other liquid water ocean in the solar system. There are moons so small that a good jump sends you a mile or more into the air! DVD #2: “Destiny in Space”, IMAX “In the vast blackness of space, Earth (our ...
... “Go to where the real action is ..... the moons! Discover Europa; a moon that may have the only other liquid water ocean in the solar system. There are moons so small that a good jump sends you a mile or more into the air! DVD #2: “Destiny in Space”, IMAX “In the vast blackness of space, Earth (our ...
Chapter 6 The inflationary universe In this chapter, we encounter a
... the cosmic background radiation known to be necessary for the seeding of the galaxies. Such inhomogeneities had not yet been observed experimentally; however, theoreticians had long predicted the amplitude and shape of non-uniformities in density that could give rise to today’s structures (known as ...
... the cosmic background radiation known to be necessary for the seeding of the galaxies. Such inhomogeneities had not yet been observed experimentally; however, theoreticians had long predicted the amplitude and shape of non-uniformities in density that could give rise to today’s structures (known as ...
High mass-to-light ratios of UCDs
... through adiabatic gas infall into the centers of dwarf spiral galaxies. During this infall, dark matter is funneled into the centers, leading to elevated mass-to-light ratios of the nuclear star clusters. ❒ Later tidal stripping leaves only the nuclear star cluster behind which becomes a UCD. ❒ Dark ...
... through adiabatic gas infall into the centers of dwarf spiral galaxies. During this infall, dark matter is funneled into the centers, leading to elevated mass-to-light ratios of the nuclear star clusters. ❒ Later tidal stripping leaves only the nuclear star cluster behind which becomes a UCD. ❒ Dark ...
Clusters at low redshift
... • SFR/colour distribution among active population is independent of environment • Fraction of SF/blue galaxies decreases with increasing density • At low densities this trend may be due to change in mass function with environment • At high densities (~infall regions of clusters) there is evidence fo ...
... • SFR/colour distribution among active population is independent of environment • Fraction of SF/blue galaxies decreases with increasing density • At low densities this trend may be due to change in mass function with environment • At high densities (~infall regions of clusters) there is evidence fo ...
Clusters of Galaxies
... A Bit of History " • They were discovered early in the history of modern astronomy (Herschel as noted by Lundmark 1927) • nature was not really recognized until the 1930's (Zwicky 1937, Smith 1936) as very large conglomerations of galaxies at great distances. • The first dynamical analysis of cl ...
... A Bit of History " • They were discovered early in the history of modern astronomy (Herschel as noted by Lundmark 1927) • nature was not really recognized until the 1930's (Zwicky 1937, Smith 1936) as very large conglomerations of galaxies at great distances. • The first dynamical analysis of cl ...
... abstract notion of ‘practice’). And it is precisely here, I will argue, that space matters the most as part of the flux of interactions. Considering the problematic concept of space in different theories (and even more so of a ‘common’ conception), I suspect that one of the reasons for the difficult ...
galaxy evolution
... • Radio galaxies were discovered in the 1950s • Emit unusually strong radio waves from pairs of huge radio lobes, one on either side of the galaxy, which is typically an elliptical galaxy. • At the center of a radio galaxy is an active region only a few lightyears across. • Plasma is seen shooting o ...
... • Radio galaxies were discovered in the 1950s • Emit unusually strong radio waves from pairs of huge radio lobes, one on either side of the galaxy, which is typically an elliptical galaxy. • At the center of a radio galaxy is an active region only a few lightyears across. • Plasma is seen shooting o ...
A Universe of Galaxies - Pennsylvania State University
... What can outshine ~1000 supernovae for millions of years, and be just slightly larger than our Solar System? Theoretically, not much – only a very, very big black hole. • Start with a black hole with a mass of 10,000,000,000 Mʘ • Have a star come close enough to be tidally disrupted • Have the mater ...
... What can outshine ~1000 supernovae for millions of years, and be just slightly larger than our Solar System? Theoretically, not much – only a very, very big black hole. • Start with a black hole with a mass of 10,000,000,000 Mʘ • Have a star come close enough to be tidally disrupted • Have the mater ...
Document
... – Gravity should unify with the GUTs force at very high energies. – Much higher than in any possible accelerator. accelerator – However, these energies could occur in the early Universe Universe. ...
... – Gravity should unify with the GUTs force at very high energies. – Much higher than in any possible accelerator. accelerator – However, these energies could occur in the early Universe Universe. ...
Galaxies over the Latter Half of Cosmic Time
... cosmic soup into a thin broth of sterile and boringly diffuse gas. Instead, the excess gravity of tiny seeds of matter from the Big Bang slowed down cosmic expansion in regions that would become galaxies. The seeds drew in nearby gas, which eventually spawned the first generation of stars. Over bill ...
... cosmic soup into a thin broth of sterile and boringly diffuse gas. Instead, the excess gravity of tiny seeds of matter from the Big Bang slowed down cosmic expansion in regions that would become galaxies. The seeds drew in nearby gas, which eventually spawned the first generation of stars. Over bill ...
Astronomy - Glen Ridge Public Schools
... 1. What is Astronomy and how does it differ from Astrology? 2. How big is the universe? 3. What units of distance are used in astronomy? 4. How was the first successful determination of light speed made? 5. How do we measure distances to nearby stars? 6. What is the basic structure of the solar syst ...
... 1. What is Astronomy and how does it differ from Astrology? 2. How big is the universe? 3. What units of distance are used in astronomy? 4. How was the first successful determination of light speed made? 5. How do we measure distances to nearby stars? 6. What is the basic structure of the solar syst ...
File
... determines how fast the cloud will form a disk before it is completely turned into stars Protogalactic cooling…the initial density determines how fast the cloud can form stars before it collapses ...
... determines how fast the cloud will form a disk before it is completely turned into stars Protogalactic cooling…the initial density determines how fast the cloud can form stars before it collapses ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.