I Introduction to the Interstellar Medium
... was noticed that in addition to the relatively broad absorption lines associated with the atmospheres of the stars, there were very narrow lines that appeared stationary with respect to the cyclical orbital Doppler shifts of the stellar lines. Hartmann first identified the “stationary lines” of CaII ...
... was noticed that in addition to the relatively broad absorption lines associated with the atmospheres of the stars, there were very narrow lines that appeared stationary with respect to the cyclical orbital Doppler shifts of the stellar lines. Hartmann first identified the “stationary lines” of CaII ...
Clusters of Galaxies
... Supernovae Type Ia (SN Ia) are “special”. They are probably white dwarf stars with a giant companion that is providing material to the white dwarf. Once the WD accretes a mass of 1.4 M⊙, it explodes as it becomes a neutron star. Because SN Ia all have a common progenitor, they likely have similar p ...
... Supernovae Type Ia (SN Ia) are “special”. They are probably white dwarf stars with a giant companion that is providing material to the white dwarf. Once the WD accretes a mass of 1.4 M⊙, it explodes as it becomes a neutron star. Because SN Ia all have a common progenitor, they likely have similar p ...
22_Testbank
... However, although the density is very low, the gas around you is extremely high in temperature. In fact, the temperature is so high that it is emitting lots of X rays, which are creating cancercausing mutations in your body at a rapid rate. Well, at least the view is great! There are no stars anywhe ...
... However, although the density is very low, the gas around you is extremely high in temperature. In fact, the temperature is so high that it is emitting lots of X rays, which are creating cancercausing mutations in your body at a rapid rate. Well, at least the view is great! There are no stars anywhe ...
Chapter 31
... – Because many quasars are far away, it takes their light a long time to reach Earth. – The most remote quasars are several billion light-years away, which indicates that they existed billions of years ago. – This suggests that many galaxies went through a quasar stage when they were young. – Today’ ...
... – Because many quasars are far away, it takes their light a long time to reach Earth. – The most remote quasars are several billion light-years away, which indicates that they existed billions of years ago. – This suggests that many galaxies went through a quasar stage when they were young. – Today’ ...
790121《Taking Back Astronomy》(Jason Lisle)
... universe; most astronomers believe that the universe is around 14 billion years old, yet the Bible indicates a much more recent origin. We will explore the reasons for the common belief in vast ages. Additionally, we will address the so-called “distant starlight problem.” This is the idea that light ...
... universe; most astronomers believe that the universe is around 14 billion years old, yet the Bible indicates a much more recent origin. We will explore the reasons for the common belief in vast ages. Additionally, we will address the so-called “distant starlight problem.” This is the idea that light ...
The Milky Way and Dark Matter
... it (a bit like bent spokes of a bike wheel). Our Sun is located about 2/3 of the way out from the center of the Galaxy on what is known as the Orion spiral arm. The Sun takes over 220 million years just to make ...
... it (a bit like bent spokes of a bike wheel). Our Sun is located about 2/3 of the way out from the center of the Galaxy on what is known as the Orion spiral arm. The Sun takes over 220 million years just to make ...
The Astrobiology Primer
... Protostars and the Birth of Stars A blob of gas several times the size of our Solar System, called a pre-stellar core, contracts under its own gravity to form a protostar. Half of the system’s initial gravitational energy disperses through radiation while the other half is converted into heat. The t ...
... Protostars and the Birth of Stars A blob of gas several times the size of our Solar System, called a pre-stellar core, contracts under its own gravity to form a protostar. Half of the system’s initial gravitational energy disperses through radiation while the other half is converted into heat. The t ...
Friday03
... – Based on friends-of-friends linking algorithm – calibrated with simulations. Reproduces mean characteristics (e.g. velocity dispersion) of parent dark matter haloes – is highly complete, at expense of having unphysical contamination, esp. at low masses – selected subsample with at least 10 members ...
... – Based on friends-of-friends linking algorithm – calibrated with simulations. Reproduces mean characteristics (e.g. velocity dispersion) of parent dark matter haloes – is highly complete, at expense of having unphysical contamination, esp. at low masses – selected subsample with at least 10 members ...
Planets and Moons - Fraser Heights Chess Club
... and billions of stars held together by gravity. One galaxy can have hundreds of billions of stars and be as large as 200,000 light years across. • Galaxy is derived from the Greek galaxias meaning "milky", a reference to the Milky Way. • Many galaxies are believed to have black holes at their active ...
... and billions of stars held together by gravity. One galaxy can have hundreds of billions of stars and be as large as 200,000 light years across. • Galaxy is derived from the Greek galaxias meaning "milky", a reference to the Milky Way. • Many galaxies are believed to have black holes at their active ...
Research Papers-Cosmology/Download/6307
... their own rotation around their axes, with a few exceptions, is the same as their direction of the motion around the Sun and its the own rotation. The satellites of the planets rotate in the direction of rotation of the planets themselves. This uniformity of the rotational movement is hard to reconc ...
... their own rotation around their axes, with a few exceptions, is the same as their direction of the motion around the Sun and its the own rotation. The satellites of the planets rotate in the direction of rotation of the planets themselves. This uniformity of the rotational movement is hard to reconc ...
copyright 2002 scientific american, inc.
... the most extreme objects they knew of: black holes. Among the first GRBs pinpointed by BeppoSAX was GRB970508, so named because it occurred on May 8, 1997. Radio observations of its afterglow provided an essential clue. The glow varied erratically by roughly a factor of two during the first three we ...
... the most extreme objects they knew of: black holes. Among the first GRBs pinpointed by BeppoSAX was GRB970508, so named because it occurred on May 8, 1997. Radio observations of its afterglow provided an essential clue. The glow varied erratically by roughly a factor of two during the first three we ...
Summary
... forces come into play. This is the case in the generalized Jeans instability. The number of free electrons is less than the number of ions, because some of the electrons are captured by the grains, and are therefore immobilized by the high dust masses. The charge of the dust grain depends on the loc ...
... forces come into play. This is the case in the generalized Jeans instability. The number of free electrons is less than the number of ions, because some of the electrons are captured by the grains, and are therefore immobilized by the high dust masses. The charge of the dust grain depends on the loc ...
6th Grade The Theoretical Beginning of the Universe / Big Bang
... 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a singleexplosion The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D that are making it expand ...
... 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a singleexplosion The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D that are making it expand ...
PPT
... •The distance to NGC is 80 million light years, which Mkn 205 is 14 times farther away at a distance of 1 billion light year. •The very distant quasar is nearly as bright as the much closer galaxy. The extraordinary brightness of quasars, which is a blending of the term quasi-stellar radio source, i ...
... •The distance to NGC is 80 million light years, which Mkn 205 is 14 times farther away at a distance of 1 billion light year. •The very distant quasar is nearly as bright as the much closer galaxy. The extraordinary brightness of quasars, which is a blending of the term quasi-stellar radio source, i ...
The Next Great Exoplanet Hunt Please share
... These challenges are easier to overcome when the exoplanet is large, is located close to its star and has a “light” (low mean molecular mass) or nonmetallic atmosphere. This is why hot Jupiters, hydrogen-dominated gas giants orbiting their stars closer than Mercury is to our Sun, were the first to h ...
... These challenges are easier to overcome when the exoplanet is large, is located close to its star and has a “light” (low mean molecular mass) or nonmetallic atmosphere. This is why hot Jupiters, hydrogen-dominated gas giants orbiting their stars closer than Mercury is to our Sun, were the first to h ...
eXtremely Fast Tr
... spectrum seems to continue beyond this energy without evidence for a cutoff. This leaves us with a two-fold problem: while it is already difficult to explain how ``traditional'' astrophysical sources can accelerate protons to energies above 10^20 eV, the expected energy losses due to interaction wit ...
... spectrum seems to continue beyond this energy without evidence for a cutoff. This leaves us with a two-fold problem: while it is already difficult to explain how ``traditional'' astrophysical sources can accelerate protons to energies above 10^20 eV, the expected energy losses due to interaction wit ...
Full PDF
... The mechanism of gravitational energy production explains why quasars were more common in the early universe as this energy production ends when the supermassive black hole consumes all of the gas and dust near it. It is possible that all spiral and elliptical galaxies have gone through an active st ...
... The mechanism of gravitational energy production explains why quasars were more common in the early universe as this energy production ends when the supermassive black hole consumes all of the gas and dust near it. It is possible that all spiral and elliptical galaxies have gone through an active st ...
Our galaxy is the centre of the universe, `quantized` redshifts show
... other only if our viewing location is less than a million light years from the centre. The odds for the Earth having such a unique position in the cosmos by accident are less than one in a trillion. Since big bang theorists presuppose the cosmos has naturalistic origins and cannot have a unique cent ...
... other only if our viewing location is less than a million light years from the centre. The odds for the Earth having such a unique position in the cosmos by accident are less than one in a trillion. Since big bang theorists presuppose the cosmos has naturalistic origins and cannot have a unique cent ...
Creation: Stars and Planets
... Since, as we shall see, the force of gravity does not act in an attractive sense between matter in different space domains, there are then conditions which arise that may cause the star to explode and disperse, as by a supernova event. Accordingly the cycle of life and death of a star becomes part o ...
... Since, as we shall see, the force of gravity does not act in an attractive sense between matter in different space domains, there are then conditions which arise that may cause the star to explode and disperse, as by a supernova event. Accordingly the cycle of life and death of a star becomes part o ...
P7 Further Physics
... 75kms-1Mpc-1 calculate its recessional velocity. 3) Another galaxy has a recessional velocity of 500km/s. Calculate the distance to the galaxy in both megaparsecs and kilometres (take H to be 2x10-18s-1). ...
... 75kms-1Mpc-1 calculate its recessional velocity. 3) Another galaxy has a recessional velocity of 500km/s. Calculate the distance to the galaxy in both megaparsecs and kilometres (take H to be 2x10-18s-1). ...
PH607lec08
... between recession velocity and distance. (Type Ia supernova). The Hubble law defines a special frame of reference at any point in the Universe. An observer with a large motion with respect to the Hubble flow would measure blueshifts in front and large redshifts behind, instead of the same redshifts ...
... between recession velocity and distance. (Type Ia supernova). The Hubble law defines a special frame of reference at any point in the Universe. An observer with a large motion with respect to the Hubble flow would measure blueshifts in front and large redshifts behind, instead of the same redshifts ...
time dilation and length contraction, twin paradox, a pair of inertial
... where a train O' moves with constant velocity u with respect to the station platform O, and a photon thrown straight upwards with a velocity c with respect to the train. Rather than representing this using 4-D S-T Cartesian coordinates we do so using 3-D S-T frames, which utilize polar coordinates, ...
... where a train O' moves with constant velocity u with respect to the station platform O, and a photon thrown straight upwards with a velocity c with respect to the train. Rather than representing this using 4-D S-T Cartesian coordinates we do so using 3-D S-T frames, which utilize polar coordinates, ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.