Observational Data
... star formation rate (>100Mo/yr), irregular and possibly merging-like morphologies, large masses, and strong redshift clustering, suggesting that they are massive early-type galaxies in the act of major assembly episodes. ...
... star formation rate (>100Mo/yr), irregular and possibly merging-like morphologies, large masses, and strong redshift clustering, suggesting that they are massive early-type galaxies in the act of major assembly episodes. ...
Gravitational Lensing: An Unique Probe of Dark Matter and Dark...
... infinite magnification called critical lines. Transferred to the source plane these line become caustics. The location of these lines depends on the relative distances of the source and lens and, of course, the distribution of matter in the lens. The position of the background source with respect to ...
... infinite magnification called critical lines. Transferred to the source plane these line become caustics. The location of these lines depends on the relative distances of the source and lens and, of course, the distribution of matter in the lens. The position of the background source with respect to ...
IR Universe
... horizontally across the image. Blue sources are cool stars within our Galaxy, which show an obvious concentration to the galactic plane and center. Yellow-green sources are galaxies which are basically uniformly distributed across the sky, but show an enhancement along a great circle above the galac ...
... horizontally across the image. Blue sources are cool stars within our Galaxy, which show an obvious concentration to the galactic plane and center. Yellow-green sources are galaxies which are basically uniformly distributed across the sky, but show an enhancement along a great circle above the galac ...
A Compilation of Relevant Articles from MMM`s first 25 years, issues
... 2.A. 106 million times as far as the Moon, and 9,000 times as far as Neptune. 3.A. Sirius is 8.7 light years distant, Procyon 11.3, Altair 16.6, Fomalhaut 23, and Vega 26 Light Years distant. With a small telescope, you can find Barnard’s Star which is only 5.9 LY from here. 4.A. Stars come bigger, ...
... 2.A. 106 million times as far as the Moon, and 9,000 times as far as Neptune. 3.A. Sirius is 8.7 light years distant, Procyon 11.3, Altair 16.6, Fomalhaut 23, and Vega 26 Light Years distant. With a small telescope, you can find Barnard’s Star which is only 5.9 LY from here. 4.A. Stars come bigger, ...
Document
... moving with a velocity dr/dt with Potential energy Φ(r) =mφ(r) experiences a Force F=mg , accelerates with following Eq. of ...
... moving with a velocity dr/dt with Potential energy Φ(r) =mφ(r) experiences a Force F=mg , accelerates with following Eq. of ...
Hidden57_rf
... multitude of galaxies like our own Milky Way and that they constitute an expanding Universe. The profound revolution in physics during the first half of the century brought with it the understanding of how light is emitted and how to read the subtle messages it carries concerning the physical state ...
... multitude of galaxies like our own Milky Way and that they constitute an expanding Universe. The profound revolution in physics during the first half of the century brought with it the understanding of how light is emitted and how to read the subtle messages it carries concerning the physical state ...
Comets review.fm - Journals at the University of Arizona
... The book is comprised of seven parts: “A Global View on Cometary Science,” “From the Interstellar Medium to the Solar Nebula,” “Nature and Evolution of Cometary Orbits,” “The Nucleus,” “The Gas Coma,” “Dust and Plasma,” and “Interrelations.” Every part contains several excellent reviews of related t ...
... The book is comprised of seven parts: “A Global View on Cometary Science,” “From the Interstellar Medium to the Solar Nebula,” “Nature and Evolution of Cometary Orbits,” “The Nucleus,” “The Gas Coma,” “Dust and Plasma,” and “Interrelations.” Every part contains several excellent reviews of related t ...
Constraining the Topology of the Universe
... ture: Euclidean space E3 , hyperbolic space H 3 , and spherical space S3 . A useful way to view nontrivial topologies with these local geometries is to imagine the space being tiled by identical copies of a fundamental cell. For example, Euclidean space can be tiled by cubes, resulting in a three-to ...
... ture: Euclidean space E3 , hyperbolic space H 3 , and spherical space S3 . A useful way to view nontrivial topologies with these local geometries is to imagine the space being tiled by identical copies of a fundamental cell. For example, Euclidean space can be tiled by cubes, resulting in a three-to ...
Chapter 1
... and galaxies, which often showed a spiral structure and were therefore classified as ‘spiral nebulae’. The Orion nebula is listed here as object NGC 1976. In 1904, Hartmann (1904) discovered that in the spectrum of δ Orionis, the calcium K line did not follow the periodic displacements of the photos ...
... and galaxies, which often showed a spiral structure and were therefore classified as ‘spiral nebulae’. The Orion nebula is listed here as object NGC 1976. In 1904, Hartmann (1904) discovered that in the spectrum of δ Orionis, the calcium K line did not follow the periodic displacements of the photos ...
The following descriptions are based on ancient Sumerian
... “Anu brought forth and fashioned the four sides, Consigned their power to the leader of the host.” Called “winds”, these “four sides” were thrust into a fast orbit around Nibiru, “swirling like a whirlwind”. At the same time, Uranus may have taken a massive “hit”, flipping its axis of rotation on it ...
... “Anu brought forth and fashioned the four sides, Consigned their power to the leader of the host.” Called “winds”, these “four sides” were thrust into a fast orbit around Nibiru, “swirling like a whirlwind”. At the same time, Uranus may have taken a massive “hit”, flipping its axis of rotation on it ...
normal and active - FirstLight Astro
... ✴ distance indicators (aka standard candles) ✴ for close galaxies we can use Cepheid variables ✴ but they’re too dim beyond ~80 Mly, so… ...
... ✴ distance indicators (aka standard candles) ✴ for close galaxies we can use Cepheid variables ✴ but they’re too dim beyond ~80 Mly, so… ...
Unravelling the Origin and Evolution of Our Galaxy
... than our Sun. These are all within a distance of about 100 light-years. The planets detectable by this method are rather massive, comparable to Jupiter (which has about 300 times the mass of Earth). The systems have some surprising properties: two thirds of these giant planets are orbiting their hos ...
... than our Sun. These are all within a distance of about 100 light-years. The planets detectable by this method are rather massive, comparable to Jupiter (which has about 300 times the mass of Earth). The systems have some surprising properties: two thirds of these giant planets are orbiting their hos ...
Zinc and chromium abundances in a third
... A detailed description of the procedures used in acquiring and reducing the data can be found in Pettini et al. (1994). Briefly, we used a 1200 grooves mm−1 grating, blazed near 4100 Å, and a thinned 1024 × 1024 pixel Tektronix CCD to record a ≈400 Å wide portion of the spectrum centred at 4121 Å ...
... A detailed description of the procedures used in acquiring and reducing the data can be found in Pettini et al. (1994). Briefly, we used a 1200 grooves mm−1 grating, blazed near 4100 Å, and a thinned 1024 × 1024 pixel Tektronix CCD to record a ≈400 Å wide portion of the spectrum centred at 4121 Å ...
Year Long Plan: School Name
... Earth’s atmosphere provides gases necessary to support life, protects living things against harmful solar radiation, and distributes warmth and moisture. Weather describes the current condition of the atmosphere. Weather changes quickly when a different air mass enters an arena. Skills: Expl ...
... Earth’s atmosphere provides gases necessary to support life, protects living things against harmful solar radiation, and distributes warmth and moisture. Weather describes the current condition of the atmosphere. Weather changes quickly when a different air mass enters an arena. Skills: Expl ...
Starburst Galaxies Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics eaa.iop.org T Heckman
... larger and more luminous than in ultraviolet-selected local starbursts. Depending on the uncertain corrections for dust extinction, the ultraviolet luminosities of the most powerful high-redshift galaxies imply star-formation rates that can reach several hundred M per year over a region a few kpc i ...
... larger and more luminous than in ultraviolet-selected local starbursts. Depending on the uncertain corrections for dust extinction, the ultraviolet luminosities of the most powerful high-redshift galaxies imply star-formation rates that can reach several hundred M per year over a region a few kpc i ...
galactic cosmic radiation and solar energetic particles
... exposure to galactic cosmic radiation in space at sunspot minimum is - 4 protons cm 2 s' resulting in a yearly integrated exposure of - 1.3 x 108 protons/cm2. The isotropic flux exposure to galactic cosmic radiation at sunspot maximum is - 2 protons cm-2 s-' resulting in a yearly integrated exposure ...
... exposure to galactic cosmic radiation in space at sunspot minimum is - 4 protons cm 2 s' resulting in a yearly integrated exposure of - 1.3 x 108 protons/cm2. The isotropic flux exposure to galactic cosmic radiation at sunspot maximum is - 2 protons cm-2 s-' resulting in a yearly integrated exposure ...
Astro-2: History of the Universe
... • Redshifts can be measured very precisely, much more precisely than you know your height!!! For this reason astronomers generally say a galaxy is at a redshift z=0.4231, rather than quoting its distance • Distances can be known only to about 5% • In cosmology, as in all of physics, measurements ...
... • Redshifts can be measured very precisely, much more precisely than you know your height!!! For this reason astronomers generally say a galaxy is at a redshift z=0.4231, rather than quoting its distance • Distances can be known only to about 5% • In cosmology, as in all of physics, measurements ...
Astrobiology - Anatomy Atlases
... Everything is deeply intertwingled • Life in the Universe • Exoplanets - cosmos is filled with exoplanets ~ all solar systems are different • Habitable zone - initially defined by distance from star / liquid water, now widened by tidal heating from gravity • Simple life probably common, intellig ...
... Everything is deeply intertwingled • Life in the Universe • Exoplanets - cosmos is filled with exoplanets ~ all solar systems are different • Habitable zone - initially defined by distance from star / liquid water, now widened by tidal heating from gravity • Simple life probably common, intellig ...
It is now recognized that the vast majority of ellipticals are of
... lanes may be aligned with either the major or minor axes, or they may be warped. • E galaxies contain modest amounts of cool and warm gas, although not as much as is found in S galaxies. A few E galaxies have extended disks of neutral hydrogen. • X-ray observations indicate that many ellipticals con ...
... lanes may be aligned with either the major or minor axes, or they may be warped. • E galaxies contain modest amounts of cool and warm gas, although not as much as is found in S galaxies. A few E galaxies have extended disks of neutral hydrogen. • X-ray observations indicate that many ellipticals con ...
Chapter 2 Stellar Dynamics in Galaxies
... We might expect that stars, as they move around inside a galaxy or other system of stars, will experience close encounters with other stars. The gravitational effects of one star on another would change their velocities and these velocity perturbations would have a profound effect on the overall dyn ...
... We might expect that stars, as they move around inside a galaxy or other system of stars, will experience close encounters with other stars. The gravitational effects of one star on another would change their velocities and these velocity perturbations would have a profound effect on the overall dyn ...
Life - Anatomy Atlases
... • Darwin - 1809-1882 - The Origin of Species • Recognized biological world is governed by laws ~ Found evidence for change and mechanism for change ~ Taught us our place amongst life on Earth ...
... • Darwin - 1809-1882 - The Origin of Species • Recognized biological world is governed by laws ~ Found evidence for change and mechanism for change ~ Taught us our place amongst life on Earth ...
ASAP Earth and Space Science Guide
... *Make a Star Box - Some bunches of stars look like pictures in the sky. Make this star box and you’ll see. *WHY are there 4 seasons? - Places on the Earth receive more heat from the sun at certain times of the year than other places. This has to do with the tilt of the Earth. Investigate this! *Ecli ...
... *Make a Star Box - Some bunches of stars look like pictures in the sky. Make this star box and you’ll see. *WHY are there 4 seasons? - Places on the Earth receive more heat from the sun at certain times of the year than other places. This has to do with the tilt of the Earth. Investigate this! *Ecli ...
The astrobiological case for our cosmic ancestry
... gigantic clouds from which new stars are continuously formed. The effect of interstellar dust on starlight is to cause extinction (dimming), polarization and scattering over a wide range of wavelengths. When we began to investigate the nature of cosmic dust it was widely held that these dust particle ...
... gigantic clouds from which new stars are continuously formed. The effect of interstellar dust on starlight is to cause extinction (dimming), polarization and scattering over a wide range of wavelengths. When we began to investigate the nature of cosmic dust it was widely held that these dust particle ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.