Download Research Papers-Cosmology/Download/6307

The whirlwinds of a dark matter
near the centers of the galaxies, the stars and the planets
© Sergey G. Burago
D.Sc., Prof.
State University of Aerospace Technology, Moscow, Russia
Email: [email protected]
Site: http://buragosg.narod.ru/
Abstract
In the submission about the interstellar gaseous dark matter [1,2,3], which is being filled
all the interstellar space, the existence of the vortex of dark matter was revealed around the
stars and the planets. These vortices interact actively with cosmic bodies actively, collecting
the stars in the galaxy, creating a characteristic pattern of the spirals with lagging the sleeves
from a rapidly rotating core. They form the planetary systems around the stars. They are
hyping the stars and the planets around their axes. In the paper presents the calculations of
the size of the cosmic vortex of dark gas (gaseous dark matter), their angular velocities. The
connection between the angular velocities of the stars and the planets was defined, including
the Sun and the Earth, with the angular velocities of the vortex of a dark gas around them.
The vortex of a gas dark matter around
the central rotating massive body
The astronomical observations show a striking uniformity of the widespread the rotational
movements in the universe . The stars in the galaxies rotate in the same direction in the direction of
the rotation of the "Milky Way" around its axis. The Sun, the planets of the solar system run around
the Sun in the same direction coinciding with the direction of the rotation of the Sun. Moreover,
their own rotation around their axes, with a few exceptions, is the same as their direction of the
motion around the Sun and its the own rotation. The satellites of the planets rotate in the direction
of rotation of the planets themselves. This uniformity of the rotational movement is hard to
reconcile with the concept of "Big Bang " which supposedly created the universe. The explosion in
nature would produce the chaos, is not the observed the regularity.
All this suggests that there is a common drive mechanism, which is operating in all these cases.
A gaseous vortex of dark matter could serve to such a mechanism. Such the vortexes is apparently
widespread in the cosmos. Without them it is impossible to explain
widespread and uniform the rotational motions in the universe, as well as a number of other related
issues. The science, for example, still has not been able to explain the disproportionately large the
angular momentum of the planets of the solar system and the features of the structure of the spiral
galaxies.
The vortices are common in the nature of the Earth. We know the atmospheric eddies, the
whirlpools. It is known that the discharge of a water from any tank through a hole in the tank
accompanied by the formation of a vortex (the vortexes), which involves the rotation of its
1
surrounding mass of water, and there are floaters items. As such a funnel for the draining of a
gaseous dark matter from the space there are the physical bodies, which absorb a dark matter
continually. The radial flow to the body is unstable and collapses in a steady vortex-drain.
We shall describe a flow of the gaseous dark matter about a central massive body by the
potential of the velocity of the vortex-drain
ϕ = αm/4πρer + ω B ⋅ roB2 ⋅ψ ,
(1)
where m - mass of the body; ωВ - the angular velocity of rotation of the vortex core with a radius of
rоB; ψ and θ - angular coordinates (Fig.1); r - radial coordinate. The start spherical of the
coordinates 0 coincides with the center of the spherical body. A gaseous dark matter inside the
vortex rotates according to the law of rotation of a rigid body. The speed in the vortex core can be
written as
Ue = ω B r sinθ.
(2)
In this task, the forward movement of the body and the vortex is missing. The method imposing
potential flows allows you to add them later. The influence of the compressibility of a dark gas is
absent, because of the low speed of the rotation and the radial flow. The flow outside the vortex is a
potential. Through the velocity potential (1) can be written the projections of the velocities of the
dark gas outside the vortex:
Ver = ∂ϕ/∂r = - αm/4πρer2,
Veθ = (1/r) ∂ϕ/∂θ = 0,
Veψ = (1/rsinθ) ∂ϕ/∂ψ = ωBr2oB/(rsinθ).
(3)
(4)
(5)
The solution (1), (3) - (5) satisfies to the Laplace equation and to the boundary conditions at the
infinity. The angular velocity ω and the radius ro of the central body may to differ from the angular
velocity of the rotation ωВ and the radius rоB of the vortex core of the gaseous dark matter.
.
Let us consider the physical impact of the vortex
of the dark gas on the central body. We are using for
this purpose the differential equation of the rotational
motion of a rigid body around the axis:
Jodω/dt = M.
(6)
In this equation Jо - the moment of inertia of a
spherical body; ω - angular velocity of rotation of the
body; t - time; М- the moment from the force F,
acting on the body from a moving gaseous dark
matter.
2
Fig.1
The flow of the gaseous dark matter is providing the force effect to the body regardless of the
body's own movements. Therefore, the rotational movement of the gas inside the dark vortex core
will to increase over time, the angular velocity ω of the central body. The flow of a dark gas out of
the vortex core with peripheral speed Vψ also exerts a force on the satellites of the central body,
increasing their peripheral speeds. It still is not taken into account science and astronomy and it puts
astronomy to a standstill in the trying to explain some related with it phenomena. We Integrate the
equation (6) and find the dependence of the angular velocity of the time:
ω = (M/Jo)t + ωo.
(7)
The moment of inertia of a homogeneous sphere is known [10]:
J o = (3 / 5) ⋅ mo ⋅ ro2
(8)
4
ρ oπ ⋅ ro3 )
3
Next, we write down the moment from the forces from the side of the rotary dark gas attached to the
spherical body:
Here mo - the mass of the central body having a radius ro (mass of the sphere mo =
M = ∫∫∫ ⋅ r ⋅ sin θ ⋅ dF =
W
3
π ⋅ α ⋅ ω в ⋅ ro2 ⋅ mo
20
(9)
where dF-the elemental force applied to the elementary mass of the body
dmo ;
dmo = ρ o ⋅ dW = ρ o r 2 ⋅ dr ⋅ dθ ⋅ dψ (Fig.1); dW = r ⋅ dθ ⋅ r ⋅ dψ ⋅ dr - An elementary volume of a
sphere; The strength dF is determined by the formula
dF = j ⋅ dm = α ⋅ Ve ⋅ dm
(10)
in which j -the acceleration in SI units (the acceleration can also be expressed through the
parameters of the flow gas of the gaseous dark matter j = α ⋅ Ve . Formula (10) establishes a bridge
between the parameters of the baryonic matter and the parameters of the dark matter. A dark matter
is the primary materiey, from which is created the baryonic matter around us; Ve − the speed jet of
dark matter; dF − force is directed in the direction of the velocity [1,2]. The strength is determined
in accordance with the formula (2)) for the velocity Ve= Ue.
We will substitute in equation (7) the expression Jo and М from (8) and (9). The result
ω=
π
4
α ⋅ ωв ⋅ t + ωo
(11)
This formula determines the law of the increasing of the angular velocity of the rotation of a
massive body, inside the vortex of the the gaseous dark matter, from a time. The formula (11) can
be used to solve the inverse problem, ie, to determine the angular velocity of the rotation of the
vortex core gaseous dark matter ωB if angular velocity of the central massive body is the known:
4 ω − ωo
ωв = ⋅
(12)
π α ⋅t
3
This problem is complicated, despite the seeming simplicity of this formula. To implement this
problem is necessary to know the angular velocity of rotation of the central body without outside
influences on its value from the other cosmic bodies or other events in the life of the body. These
events could change this the velocity. In addition, it is necessary to know the time during which the
unwinding is occurred, and it is necessary to know the initial angular velocity ωо.
We apply the formula (12) to the calculation of the angular velocities of the gaseous vortex of
dark matter for the Sun and the planets of the solar system. For the modern values of the angular
velocity of the rotation of the Sun ω = 2,9⋅10 -6 rad /s, and the lifetime of the Sun as a star t = 15
billion years at ωо = 0 the angular velocity of rotation of the solar gas vortex of a dark matter will
ωВ1 = 0,925⋅10 -23 rad /s.
In addition, we define another value ωВ2 solar vortex, on the basis of the lifetime of the solar
planetary system t = 3,5 billions of years. It is believed that the formation of the planets at the time
the angular momentum was transferred to the planets, and the rotation of the Sun was virtually
stopped: ωВ2 = 3,96⋅10 -23 рад/с.
The results of the calculations of the angular velocities of the vortex of dark gas around the
planets of the solar system for the time t = 3,5 Ga shown in Table 1. In this table, in the first column
lists the names of the planets, and the subsequent columns give the values of the masses, radii,
angular velocities of the planets. In the seventh column the angular velocity of the gas vortex of
dark matter is shows .
Table 1
Planets
Weight, g
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
5,.98⋅10 27
6,57⋅10 26
1,89⋅10 30
5,68⋅10 29
8,78⋅10 28
1,03⋅10 29
Angular
Radius, sm velocity
planet, rad /s
8
6,.37⋅10
7,28⋅10 -5
8
3,39⋅10
5,98⋅10 -5
6,.99⋅10 9 1,76⋅10 -4
5,75⋅10 9
1,71⋅10 -4
2,55⋅10 9
1,63⋅10 -4
2,50⋅10 9
1,10⋅10 -4
Radius orbit, Orbital speed
sm
of the planet
sm/s
13
1,49⋅10
2,98⋅10 6
13
2,28⋅10
2,41⋅10 6
7,88⋅10 13
1,31⋅10 6
1,42⋅10 14
0,97⋅10 6
2,87⋅10 14
0,68⋅10 6
4,60⋅10 14
0,54⋅10 6
corner speed
vortex,
rad / s
8,44⋅10 -22
8,23⋅10 -22
2,04⋅10 -21
1,98⋅10 -21
1,90⋅10 -21
1,28⋅10 -21
Over time, the Earth's angular velocity increases. In accordance with the formula (11) every 100
years it has increased by the amount
∆ω = ω - ωo = 2αωB t100/3 = 2,08 ⋅10 -12 рад/с.
The average increment of the angular velocity during this period
∆ωср = ∆ω/2 = 1,04 ⋅10 -12 рад/с.
For the modern angular velocity of the Earth ωо = 7,28⋅10-5 rad /s. As a result of the unwinding
the terrestrial day on average for 100 years was shortened on the time ∆T100 = 2π/ωo - 2π/(ωo +
∆ωср) = 1,235 ⋅10 -3 s. This is a very small quantity, it is only in 1.23 times exceeds the value of
deceleration by the Earth by the tidal forces of the Moon, according to [8] 10 –3 s to 100 years, or
10 –5 s in the years. However, this value is disproportionately small compared to the annual
fluctuations in the Earth's rotation around its axis. It was found [8], what at the end of the XIX
century the Earth hurried more than 1s in the year. After 1900 year, it was lagged less than 1s in the
year. Since 1920 year she began again to hurry.
4
There is the same order of magnitude of the tidal deceleration of the Earth by the Moon and its
unwinding by the vortex by a dark gas. It should be noted that the calculation of the unwinding of
the Earth was conducted with many unknowns, which can influence on this process. We do not
know, for example, when and how the Earth and Moon formed a close couple and therefore do not
know correctly whether we have chosen a time 3.5 billion years (12). Finally, we do not know what
caused the annual variation in the speed of the rotation of the Earth and how they are reflected in
the tidal braking and the unwinding of the earth like a whirlwind.
The form of a real cosmic vortex of a dark gas
Consider the question, which should be the form of a real whirlwind around a massive body?
As shown above, it suffices to assume that the vortex has a constant cross section and extends to the
infinity on the both sides of the central body. However, it is difficult to imagine the existence of a
huge number of the such infinite vortices into the universe. Rather, the cross section of the vortex
increases as the increases of the distance away from the central body (Fig.2). For example, the
vortex has a this form of the funnel when the water is draining from the tank through the opening.
Here theorem of Helmholtz must be performed that voltage of the vortex remains constant along
its length, that is
I = 2 ∫∫ ω ⋅ dS = const.
S
There ω - angular velocity of rotation of the vortex; S - cross-section of
the vortex. With regard to the vortex of a dark gas having a crosssectional area S = πro2 and rotating at a constant angular velocity ω = ωВ,
this theorem degenerate into the equality
ω в ⋅ ro2в = const
Fig.2
This equality is, in fact, means the permanence of the moment of the amount of the movement
along the length of the vortex. Value ω в ⋅ ro2в included in the expression (1) for the velocity potential
and it is described the flow outside the vortex of a dark gas. Since it is constant over the length of
the vortex, the expressions (1), (3) ÷ (5) will not changing from changing of the radius roв , when
simultaneously the angular velocity of rotation of the vortex nucleus is changing according to
const
formula ω в = 2
roв
When the radius of the cross section of the vortex roв becomes infinitely large, the angular
velocity of the rotation ωВ becomes zero. Therefore, the real eddies around the massive bodies have
actually a limited length.
The indicating of the reduction of the angular velocity along the axis of of the rotation vortex
with increasing distance from the equatorial plane of the central body are the observation of the
rotation of the Sun. Due the fact, that the Sun is a gaseous sphere, it does not rotate as a solid body.
The observations of the sunspots and the spectral analysis [9] showed that the equatorial points
rotates faster than others and makes a complete rotation every 25 days. The farther from the
equator, the longer the time of a complete revolution. Under the 40 ° latitude it already accounts
for more than 27 days. Under the 80 ° latitude circulation time comes to 34 days. The rotation of
5
Jupiter around the axis [9] has the same feature. We note in passing that the cause of the mysterious
"equatorial acceleration" remains a mystery to science and is not allowed to date.
The radii of the cosmic vortex of the dark gas.
Effect of a vortexes of a dark gas on a radii of the planetary orbits.
An important and do not haveing an answer until the question is about a radius of the
vortex core. It would be easy to assume that it is equal to the radius of the central body, as in the
case of the formation of the vortex due to the frictional forces on the surface of a rotating body.
However, the nature of a vortex of a dark gas not connected with a friction. It is due to the fact that
the radial flow of the ideal dark gas into a absorbent body is unstable and therefore collapses into a
whirlwind. A flow inside and outside the vortex is stable to the external perturbations. Therefore we
can not in all cases to require the equality of the radii of the body and the vortex, although this
equality can not be excluded.
The comfortable space objects, allowing to determine the radius of the vortex of dark gas
directly from the observations, is a spiral galaxy in which stars visualized the boundary of the core
of the vortex of the dark gas. The observations show that the stars in the nucleus of the spiral
galaxies rotate around a common center under the law of the rotation of a rigid body and only the
stars in the spiral arms have a speed which decreases with the increasing the distance from the
nucleus. The same picture of the velocity distribution, as is known, is characteristic for the flows
inside and outside of the vortex. This the observation further confirms the earlier assertion that the
radius of the vortex of dark gas may not coincide with the radius of the solid central body. It is
obviously because the stars in the galaxy's core separated from each other over long distances and
do not constitute a single body. The figure of the spiral galaxy also says that the galactic vortex
of the dark gas actively generates the velocities of the stars and their positions relative to the
center of the galaxy.
Unfortunately, there is no the direct observations of the objects solar system , of which it would
be possible to determine the radii of the vortexes of a dark gas of the Sun and the planets. It makes
us look the phenomena that are, at least, indirectly made it possible to determine the radius. We use
for this the laws of the planetary motion.
It is known that the motion of the planets in elliptical orbits obey the laws of Kepler. Since the
elliptical orbits of the planets of the solar system close to the circular, it means that at any point in
theirs orbit It must be performed the equality of the centrifugal force and the force of attraction to
the central body, acting on the planet:
Fц.б = F тяж ,
(13)
Where
Fц.б = mпU2/rорб,
F тяж=fmпm/r2орб .
(14)
After substituting (14) into (13) and of the necessary reductions we have
U2 = fm/rорб .
(15)
In (14) and (15) the values of mп and m is the mass of the central star and the masses of the
planets; U - orbital velocity of the planet; rорб - the average radius of the orbit. At the initial time
t = 0 when U = Uo, m = mo and rорб = rо орб, the condition (15) takes the form
Uо2 = fmо/rо орб .
(16)
As was shown in [1,2,3] with over time the body weight is increasing according to the law
6
α ⋅t
m = mo ⋅ e k ,
(17)
As a result, it increases the force of attraction of the planet to the central body. On the other
hand, under the influence of the vortex of a dark gas of a central body the circumferential speeds
of the planets in an orbital motion is increases. As a result, the centrifugal force increases, thereby
preventing the action of the attractive forces.
We consider these processes for the movement of a planet outside the vortex core of a dark gas.
For small on space standards of a time we will be to neglect of a change of the radius of the orbit,
and we assume that rорб = rо-орб. The jets of a dark gas in a vortex exert a force on the satellite or the
planet in the direction of the peripheral speed of a dark gas tangentially to the orbit regardless of
their own velocities. This power, according to [1,2,3] can be written as
F = j ⋅ mп
(18)
.
Here, the acceleration of the planet, as well as any other baryonic body, taking into account the
[1,2,3] can be expressed also by the parameters of dark matter
j=
dVорб
dt
= α ⋅ Ve
(19)
The velocity of a dark gas jets in the plane of the orbit of the planets according to the
expression (5) and to Fig.1 for θ = 90 o will be
Ve =
ω в ⋅ roв2
(20)
rорб
After substituting (19) and (20) in (18), we obtain the differential equation with a separable
variables
dVорб = α ⋅
ω e ⋅ roв2
rорб
dt
(21)
The equation (21) we integrate, as a result we obtain the expression for the velocity of a planet
or a satellite in orbit
U = Uо + α ω B ⋅ roB2 t /rорб.
(22)
We substitute the mass of the central body (17) and the speed (22) in the condition (13) which
describe the equality of a gravity and a centrifugal force acting on the planet, . After the necessary
transformations, we obtain
α
t
r 2 tω α
fmo e k
U o2 (1 + oB B ) 2 =
.
U o ropb
ropb
(23)
7
rорб
We assume that there is an orbit, radius whose does not change with time. For this the orbit
= ro-орб. Besides this, we note that from (16) the values is U o2 = f ⋅ mo / ro −орб
and
(eα ⋅t / k )−2 = 1 + α ⋅ t / 2k . Further we will have solved the expression (18) with respect to the radius
of the vortex:
rOB =
(α / k ) fmo ropb
2α ⋅ ω B
(24)
.
Formula (24) allows to determine the radius of the vortex of a dark gas about any massive body,
if you know the radius of the equilibrium orbit. On this orbit remains unchanged in time the
equality of the centrifugal force and gravity acting on the planet. Therefore, this radius is not
changed in time ropb = ro − orb = rorb − рав . As it is logical we need to take the equilibrium orbit,
passing over the outer border of the vortex of a dark gas, since it changes the law of the flow of the
dark gas inside and outside the vortex core. In this case, rо=rорб- рab and from (24) we have that
roB = ropb − paв = 3
 α /k
fmo 
 2α ⋅ ω B
2

 .

(25)
According to this formula, the radii of the vortex of a dark gas around the Sun and the Earth are
roB C = 0,574 ⋅1012 sm,
roB Зем = 0,956 ⋅ 109 sm.
(26)
(27)
When counting, the following values:was used moЗем = 6⋅1027 g ; ωВ Зем = 9,93⋅10-22 rad /s ;
moС = 2⋅1033 g ; ωВ С = 3,96⋅10-23 s-1. Then we solve of (23) with respect to the radius of the orbit,
replacing Uo with the help of (16) and discarding the small quantities. As a result, we obtain the
relation
ropb
r0opb
α
t
= ek −
2α ⋅ ω B roB2
fmo r0opb
t.
(28)
For smaller the lengths of time on a cosmic scale we with the help of this formula can to write
the increment of the orbit radius, expanding eα⋅t/k in a power series and leaving in it the linear
members about t :
α
∆ropb = r0 opb ( −
k
2α ⋅ ω B roB2
fmo r0 opb
)t.
(29)
We apply the formula (22) and (29) to determine the changes in the parameters of the motion of
the Moon on the orbit around the Earth for the time period t100=3,15⋅109s. (a hundred years). In the
calculations we use the values roрб-Moon = 3,844⋅1010sm, in roВ-Earth = 0,965⋅109sm,
ωВ Earth = 9,93⋅10-22 rad/s. In the result an increment of the radius of the orbit is ∆rорб = 3 m, the
average increase in circumferential speed is ∆Uср = ∆U/2 = 3,8⋅10-5 sm/s and the related accelerated
motion in an orbit at a distance of ∆S = ∆Uсрt 100 = 1,2 km.
These figures are similar to the known values of the secular acceleration of the Moon ∆S100 =
7,45 km and of the increments of the average orbital radius ∆rорб = 1,5 m, from certain observations
8
of the motion of the Moon. Next, we turn to the Earth's orbit around the Sun. For 3.5 billion years at
ωВ С = 3,95⋅10-23 rad/s, roВ С = 0,574 ⋅1012 sm, roрб Зем = 1,465⋅1013 sm the increment of the orbital
velocity of the Earth will be to the value ∆UЗем = 1,436 km/s. The modern velocity of the Earth is
Uo = 29,8 km/s. During to one billion years, according to (28) the radius of the orbit of the Earth
has increased in relation to
rорб/rо орб = 1,08.
(30)
The increas of the radius of the orbit of the Earth caused by the vortex of a dark gas around the
Sun, as it follows from [3], fully compensates for the growing with the times the luminosity of the
Sun, and therefore, the heat is being received from him by the Earth. The latter, as we know, due to
the growth of its mass in accordance with the law (17). It is interesting to note that the result (30),
which coincides with the corresponding value in [3], has been obtained regardless of the job. This
once again confirms the correctness of the explanations to the found the phenomenon of the
increasing the mass and the energy of the stars, as well as the existence of the vortexes of the dark
gas
The role of the cosmic vortexes gaseous dark matter in
the formation of the galaxy "Milky Way"
The structure of the spiral galaxies have two the distinctive features [5,6]. The first is that the
core of the any spiral galaxy consisting of the billions of the stars, rotates as a solid body. The
second feature is that the angular displacement of the stars located in the spiral arms, around the
galactic center begin to decrease when theirs the distance from the center is increases. The
observations have shown [6] that the spiral galaxies rotate so, that theirs the branches there is by the
ends ago. These features had not been failed to the explain the existing hypothesis of the formation
of spiral galaxies (Jeans, Lindblad and a number of the contemporary authors). But of course it is
explained by the theory of a gaseous dark matter (Figure 3, a spiral galaxy M51 [55]).
We believe that the core of a spiral galaxy lies in a huge galactic whirlwind of a dark matter.
The core of the vortex is the same in size with the nucleus of the galaxy. This the conclusion was
made by us on the basis that the gravitational force is acting on the any moving material body,
including the stars, from the part of the moving dark gas, defined by (10).
Fu = αmVeψ .
(31)
The force acts in the direction of a flow dark gas. Veψ- is circumferential speed dark gas into a
vortex in and around it; m-is a mass stars. The gravitational force is independent of the speed of
the body.
Since the forces acting on the stars from the flow of a dark gas is proportional to the velocity in
the vortex, then they form a characteristic pattern of a spiral galaxy in the accordance with the
velocity field in the vortex. As a result, stars that are at the core of the vortex of a dark gas, rotate as
a solid body. The velocities of the stars around the nucleus is decreased as well as velocity dark
gas. They is decreased with the increasing distance from the center of the nucleus
Thus on the stars of the galaxy affect three forces: the gravity, the centrifugal force and the
circumferential force. The force of the gravity and the centrifugal force are acting in the radial
direction with respect to the center of the galactic vortex dark gas and the spiral galaxy. The
circumferential force are acting in the circumferential direction. It makes the stars to move with the
acceleration around the center of the galaxy, grouping them in a characteristic spiral pattern,
depending on their the location in relation to the core of the vortex of a dark gas.
Naturally, in this case, the value of the rotational speeds of a stars in the vortex and around it not
only depend on the distance to the center of the vortex, but from the amount of time, during which
9
the star is in the area of a galactic vortex of a dark gas. In this sense, the galactic vortex and the
spiral galaxy is linked between itself by a date of a birth.
This raises the question. That is formed earlier the stars or vortex of a dark gas? We tend to
consider the following sequence. Originally, in the space the huge gas-dust cloud is going to. This
cloud has a center of mass, regardless of their form. As a result this, all the particles of this the
cloud is absorb a gaseous dark matter. In consequence of this the radial flow of a dark gas occur to
the center of a mass and, consequently, the force of a gravity, is directed toward the center of a
mass. Previously, we have repeatedly pointed out that continuous radial flow of the gaseous
medium is not sustainable, and in the event of the disturbances, it is rebuilt for a vortex flow. This
flow of a the dark gas, and represents a huge galactic vortex consisting of a core of a rotating as a
rigid body, and the potential flow outside. In this area, the circumferential speeds of a dark gas is
decrease with an increasing of a distance from the nucleus and it is inversely proportional to the
radius.
Parallel to this, the stars is formed in the gas-dust cloud as it is considered by the cosmology. It
is easy to see, that in contrast to the theory of a gaseous dark matter, the modern cosmology
has lost from a sight the circumferential force acting on the stars and emerging as a
consequence their the circumferential speeds and the acceleration. This significantly narrows
its the potential for a proper understanding of the universe. We consider the consequences
which is caused these differences.
Under the influence of this force the star purchases the circumferential acceleration and the
increment of the circumferential speed :
ju = dU/dt =Fu/mп = αVeψ,
∆U = j п ⋅ t = α ⋅ Veψ ⋅ t
(32)
(33)
The increment of the way in time t along the orbit and the increment of the angle (Fig.4) will be
∆S = jut2/2 = αVeψ t2/2 ,
∆ϕ = ∆S/rорб = (α Veψ t2)/2rорб .
(34)
(35)
As we can be seen from the formulas (31) - (34), the acceleration of the stars, the increment of
the speed of their movement in an orbit around the central star, the increment of the path, traveled
along the orbit, and the additional angular movement is directly proportional to the peripheral speed
of a dark gas Veψ. The boundary of the galactic nucleus, which is clearly visible in the photographs,
is also to the boundary of the galactic vortex. Therefore, for the galaxy "Milky Way" the radius of
the core ro ядра=roB=9⋅1021sm.
The circumferential speed of a dark gas in the vortex core is defined by formula (2) and the
outside of the core - by the formula (5). In accordance with these formulas the diagram in Fig. 4 is
constructed for the circumferential velocity of a dark gas inside and outside the galactic vortex of a
dark gas.
From Fig. 4 it is seen that a dark gas inside the core of the whirlwind rotates to the law firm
body. In accordance with the formulas (34) and (35) this leads to the observed motion of the stars in
the galactic nucleus in compliance with the law a firm body. Outside the core of a galactic vortex of
a dark gas the circumferential speed of a dark gas decreases inversely proportional to the radius
(distance from the vortex). Over time, this should lead to a backlog of the stars, located at the ends
of the spiral arms of the galaxy. Over time, the radii of the orbits of stars in the spiral arms is
changing , adjusting to the laws of Kepler.
10
Fig.3
Fig.4
We do not pretend on full explanation of the structure and of the origin of the spiral galaxies.
However, on the example of our galaxy ("Milky Way") we will note some interesting-singularities.
Note the interesting on coincidence quantitative of the increments of the velocities of the stars in
their orbits, obtained in the calculation formulas for this work, and from of the astronomical
observations. These coincidences show that galactic vortices of a dark gas actively is forming
the structure of the spiral galaxies.
"Milky Way", as it is known, is a spiral galaxy. Our Sun is one of the billions of the stars that
make up the galaxy. Оно расположено за пределами ядра. Just like other stars, it moves around
the galactic center at a circumferential velocity Uc = (220 ÷ 225) km/s at a distance from the center
rорб С = 10 km = 3⋅1022sm. The mass of the galaxy is defined in astronomy from the condition that
the centrifugal forces of the Sun and the force of the attraction generated by the mass of the galaxy
Мгал, prisoners within of the orbit with the radius of the Sun is:
Mгал = Uc2 rc орб/f = 2⋅1044 г.
(36)
In the book [11] is noted that the periods of the rotation of all the observed galaxies are
enclosed in a relatively narrow range of 30 to 100 million years. This corresponds to the following
range of the angular velocity of the nuclei of the galaxies:
ωядр = ( 6,65 ÷ 2 )⋅10-15 рад/с.
(37)
According to [11] the radius of the nucleus of our galaxy is rядр=3kp=9⋅1021 sm. We take the
average value The angular velocity of a rotation of the core Galaxy of the range (37), namely
ωядр= 5,6⋅10-15 rad /s. We can simulate the interaction of the Sun with the nucleus of the Milky Way
as if, instead of billions of the stars in the core of his heart was a one star with a mass equal to the
mass of the galactic nucleus. This allows for the our analysis to use the formulas obtained for a
vortex around the central star.
We will calculate using the formula (12) ωо = 0 the angular velocity of the core of the galactic
vortex of a dark gas "Milky Way" for the time age of the galaxy t1 = 15 billion years:
ω в − гал =
4 ω ядр
= 1,515 ⋅ 10 −32 рад / с
π α ⋅ t1
(38)
With the passage of a time in accordance with the formula (22) the peripheral speed of the Sun
was increased by the amount
∆U = αωB гал ro B2 t/rc орб = 226 км/с,
(39)
11
coinciding with the current speed of the Sun. Therefore, the speed of the Sun is entirely due to the
galactic vortex. During the same period, in accordance with the formula (28) the radius of the orbit
of the Sun has increased slightly: rорб/rо орб = 1,025.
We consider the another interesting problem associated with our Galaxy. In [11] it is noted that
under the program "Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectral" (SDSS) the american astrophysicists have
discovered an unusual star flying out of our galaxy at a speed of 700 km/s. This put an
astrophysicist at the dead end. The fact that the escape velocity for the Milky Way, where the star
would to fly off from the galaxy, has a value
V2= 2 fM гал /r0яядр = 546 km/s,
where: the mass of the galaxy Mгал=2⋅1044gr; the radius of the nucleus of the galaxy roядр=9⋅1021sm;
a constant of gravitation f=6,7⋅10-8sm3/(gr⋅s2).
The astrophysicists do not take into an account the existence of the galactic vortex of a dark gas
in our galaxy. They do not know about the action of the circumferential force (31) which
accelerates the stars in their motion in the orbit and they are convinced that in the "Milky Way"
there are no mechanisms that can to accelerate a star faster than 450km/s. Therefore, they are unable
to explain the observed phenomenon.
However, the theory of gaseous dark matter naturally explains, based on the formula used to
determine the orbital velocity of the Sun and the planets of the solar system. To verify this, we
perform the formula (39) the calculation of the circumferential speed of the star that there is near
with the border of the nuclei of the galactic vortex of a dark gas at a distance rорб=roВгал=8⋅1021sm
and stay there for the life of the galaxy up to 15 billions of years to the present day t=4,725⋅1017s.
The angular velocity of the galactic vortex of a dark gas is defined in (38). The radius of the vortex
core coincides with the radius of the nucleus of our Galaxy roВгал=9⋅1021sm.
∆Uзв=αωВгалr2oВгалt/rзв орб==αωВгалroВгалt=725км/с
The calculation showed that in 15 billion years the star picked up the speed sufficient in order
to escape from the galaxy. In addition, the calculation shows that the galactic vortex of a dark gas
continues to change the structure of the galaxies on a par with the gravity lifelong the galaxies. The
effect of gravity also remains constant over time due to the growth of the masses of the stars and
planets that make up the galaxy. The discusses theory of gaseous dark matter partially allows us to
trace the evolution of the galaxies.
8. The reasons for the acceleration of artificial satellites
of Earth LAGEOS while they is moving on the Earth orbiting
The interesting information is provided in the article [12] that the Italian scientists from the
University of Lecce analyzed data from two NASA orbiting satellites LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2.
These satellites revolved in a vacuum around the Earth - one from 1976 and another from 1992 of
the year. All this time, they are designed to reflect the laser beam. This allowed with a high degree
of the accuracy to calculate their the orbits. It turned out that their position in the orbit shifted by on
as much as two meters per year ( ∆S = 2m/year) in the direction of the rotation of the Earth
compared to the calculated ones.
In accordance with the opinion of the Italian scientists the the obtained data "grist to the mill"
of the Einstein's general relativity and confirmed the no less interesting for the scientific effect "frame dragging", wich in 1918 was formulated by scientists Lense and Thirring. According to their
version the space and time around any rotating massive bodies is twisted of the vicinity from
these bodies in the direction of their rotation. In order to test this hypothesis in April 2004 year, the
another satellite - "Gravity Probe B" -was launched.
12
With respect to the deformation of space and time it should be noted that despite on nearly a century of
age the idea (since the publication of the general theory of relativity), no sane man can not imagine how it
should look like in the practice. Today it is no more than a mathematical abstraction. At the same time the
theory of "a gaseous dark matter " developed in this articl, offers the model for these concepts, completely
visually and physically grounded. Indeed, the any massive cosmic body absorbs a dark gas continuously
from the infinite surrounding field of a dark gas. As a result, the dark gas is being organized to a flow
toward the center of the body. In addition, the cosmic vortices of a dark matter are formed about the some of
these bodies. They are rotating in the direction of the rotation of these bodies. For such bodies the flow
modeled by the potential of the flow directed into the core of a vortex
Obviously, the any material body in the field of a dark gas near the vortex flow will be picked up
by flow of the dark gas, like a chip in the whirlpool. It will get the supplementary to the basic
movement is also a movement towards the center of mass of the body and in the direction of the
rotation of the cosmic vortex of dark gas. Today, the theory of "the gaseous dark matter" takes into
account the movement of a dark gas towards the center of the bodies in the form of a gravity
described by Newton's law of the universal gravitation. Earlier in this article, it was shown that the
vortices of a dark gas around the massive bodies exert a force on the other bodies are located
around the massive body. This effect already has manifested itself in the observations the
acceleration of the Moon in one century, the acceleration of the satellites in the direction of the
rotation of the vortices, in the deviation of the rays of a light around the massive stars.
Unfortunately, the science still does not understand what is happening in a nature really are. For this
reason, these abstract ideas there are about the twisted space-time.
However, we back to the observations of the artificial satellites LAGEOS. We do not separate
the observed phenomenon of the acceleration of the satellites in their orbits from the "secular
acceleration of the Moon", the behavior of the planets around the Sun and other the natural satellites
of the other massive celestial bodies. Previously, we have shown, that the cosmic vortexes cause the
known "the acceleration in one century of the Moon" as it moves around the Earth. The cosmic
vortexes form a characteristic pattern of the spiral galaxies. They cause the value of the
circumferential speed of the Sun as it moves around the center of the Milky Way. An annual bias
forward of the satellites NASA LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2 there is in same the row. This on two
meters against the estimated positions when they move in orbits around the Earth. This shift S
defined by the formula (34) of this work.
∆S=ju⋅t2/2=αVeΨ t2 /2
(40)
where, according to [1,2,3,] α=1с-1; ju- the acceleration of the satellites, which arose because of the
power impact of the vortex dark gas; t=3,15⋅107s-the number of the seconds in a year; V eψ =ωeroЗ - a
circumferential speed of the dark gas in the cosmic vortex around Earth at a distance from its center
roЗ ; ω в =8,44⋅10-22 rad /s - the angular speed of the rotation of the vortex core dark gas of the Earth;
roЗ=6,37⋅108 cm - radius of the Earth. The calculation using the formula (40) yields
∆S=2,67м
(41)
The displacement of artificial satellites in orbit for a year would be thus, if the orbit will lie
strictly in the equatorial plane. As you can to see, we got a very good coincidence. It is important to
emphasize that this result has been made without any the additional assumptions. This confirms
the unity of the laws of the nature with respect to the movement of the natural celestial
bodies: the Moon, the Earth, the Sun, the galaxies and of the artificial satellites, made by the
human hands.
13
Bibliography
1. Burago Sergey Fundamentals of aetherodynamics of the Universe. The hidden meaning of the
formula E = m c² - See more at: http://gsjournal.net/ScienceJournals/Essays/View/4841#sthash.SdV8tK8B.dpuf. April 30, 2013
2. Burago Sergey Gravity, dark matter and dark energy balance /Research PapersAstronomy/Download/5464 See more at: http://gsjournal.net/ScienceJournals/Essays/View/5464#sthash.TTsGd7mF.dpuf. April 25, 2014
3. Burago, Sergey Неизвестная энергетика «черных дыр», видимых звезд и планет - See
more at: http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/%7B$cat
_name%7D/View/6271#sthash.HNpg8lSI.dpuf. November 26, 2015
4. Burago, Sergey The unknown energetics of the "black holes", the visible stars and the planets
See more at: http://gsjournal.net/ScienceJournals/%7B$cat_name%7D/View/6270#sthash.vAofYadS.dpuf.
November 26, 2015
5.. Bronshten VA
Hypotheses about the stars and the universe, M. Science, 1974.
6. Aghekyan TA
Stars, galaxies, metagalaktika.-M.: Science, 1981.
7. Гуревич Л.Э. Происхождение галактик и звезд. – М.: Наука, 1983 и 1987.
Земля, Луна и планеты.-М.: Гостехтеоризд, 1948.
8. Уиппл Ф.
9. Полак И.Ф.
Курс астрономии. –М.: ОНТИ-ГТТЦ, 1934.
10. Воронцов И.М. Курс теор. механики- М.: Наука, 1964.
11. В.Покровский Побег из галактики Млечный путь.Независимая газета №86(3492) от
27.04.2005г.
12. Аскоченская А. Черные дыры вышли из моды, ж.Огонек №48 (4875) ноябрь 2004.
14