Newton`s Law of Universal Gravitation
... of the body under gravitational influence. The rocky surfaces of the moon and Earth also experience tidal forces, but the bulge is not as great as with Earth’s oceans because rock is not as easily extended. If an orbiting body moves too close to a more massive body, the tidal force on the orbiting b ...
... of the body under gravitational influence. The rocky surfaces of the moon and Earth also experience tidal forces, but the bulge is not as great as with Earth’s oceans because rock is not as easily extended. If an orbiting body moves too close to a more massive body, the tidal force on the orbiting b ...
Astronomical Toolkit
... stars. Some appear bright and others very faint as seen from Earth. Some of the faint stars are intrinsically very bright, but are very distant. Some of the brightest stars in the sky are very faint stars that just happen to lie very close to us. When observing, we are forced to stay on Earth or nea ...
... stars. Some appear bright and others very faint as seen from Earth. Some of the faint stars are intrinsically very bright, but are very distant. Some of the brightest stars in the sky are very faint stars that just happen to lie very close to us. When observing, we are forced to stay on Earth or nea ...
Shouting in the Jungle: the SETI Transmission Debate
... For SETI, it makes sense to employ antenna beamwidths sufficient to encompass an entire solar system. In addition, the design and construction of even Scheffer’s proposed “small” array are, to say the least, daunting. And, as the distance to the neighbouring star increases, the angular separation be ...
... For SETI, it makes sense to employ antenna beamwidths sufficient to encompass an entire solar system. In addition, the design and construction of even Scheffer’s proposed “small” array are, to say the least, daunting. And, as the distance to the neighbouring star increases, the angular separation be ...
Chapter 20. Galaxies
... of some AGNS is no more than, say, 1 AU, but was as powerful as an entire galaxy! Today, we understand that only a black hole, which can convert gravitational potential energy of infalling gas to radiation, is capable of such efficient energy generation on such a small scale! An extreme example of t ...
... of some AGNS is no more than, say, 1 AU, but was as powerful as an entire galaxy! Today, we understand that only a black hole, which can convert gravitational potential energy of infalling gas to radiation, is capable of such efficient energy generation on such a small scale! An extreme example of t ...
what are stars made of?
... Stars come in many colours, temperatures and sizes. Astronomers can find a star’s temperature and age by looking at its light. Astronomers group stars according to their colour and luminosity . Most stars are main sequence stars, some sit in clusters and many are in pairs, known as binary stars. ...
... Stars come in many colours, temperatures and sizes. Astronomers can find a star’s temperature and age by looking at its light. Astronomers group stars according to their colour and luminosity . Most stars are main sequence stars, some sit in clusters and many are in pairs, known as binary stars. ...
Summary Of the Structure of the Milky Way
... • Open clusters can define the thickness of the Milky Way’s thin disk where star formation is active. • Globular clusters allow astronomers to know the direction to the center of our galaxy, in spite of the obscuring dust that prevents us from seeing it directly, and tells astronomers the distance o ...
... • Open clusters can define the thickness of the Milky Way’s thin disk where star formation is active. • Globular clusters allow astronomers to know the direction to the center of our galaxy, in spite of the obscuring dust that prevents us from seeing it directly, and tells astronomers the distance o ...
Galaxies and the Universe bb
... Fate of the universe • Final fate depends on the average _______ of the universe • If the density is _____ than the critical density, then the universe would ________ • Current estimates point to _____ then the critical density and predict an _______________, or open, ...
... Fate of the universe • Final fate depends on the average _______ of the universe • If the density is _____ than the critical density, then the universe would ________ • Current estimates point to _____ then the critical density and predict an _______________, or open, ...
The Time of Perihelion Passage and the Longitude of Perihelion of
... If Nemesis, a hypothetical solar companion star, periodically passes through the asteroid belt, it should have perturbed the orbits of the planets substantially, especially near times of perihelion passage. Yet almost no such perturbations have been detected. This can be explained if Nemesis is comp ...
... If Nemesis, a hypothetical solar companion star, periodically passes through the asteroid belt, it should have perturbed the orbits of the planets substantially, especially near times of perihelion passage. Yet almost no such perturbations have been detected. This can be explained if Nemesis is comp ...
Astronomy: A Day-time Activity
... On Earth, daytime is roughly the period on any given point of the planet's surface during which it experiences natural illumination from indirect or (especially) direct sunlight. ...
... On Earth, daytime is roughly the period on any given point of the planet's surface during which it experiences natural illumination from indirect or (especially) direct sunlight. ...
What is the minimum size of a star that will go supernova? A. Half
... This red giant, one of the largest and brightest stars known, lies in the constellation Orion. Be careful not to say its name three times though or you could end up in trouble. A. Pollux B. Gemini C. Betelgeuse Answer: C. Betelgeuse It lies 640 light years from Earth. Betelgeuse’s radiu ...
... This red giant, one of the largest and brightest stars known, lies in the constellation Orion. Be careful not to say its name three times though or you could end up in trouble. A. Pollux B. Gemini C. Betelgeuse Answer: C. Betelgeuse It lies 640 light years from Earth. Betelgeuse’s radiu ...
Astronomy and the Bible
... The popular theory is that stars form from vast clouds of gas and dust through gravitational contraction. Because of heat pressure gas and dust clouds will expand, NOT contract. “The complete birth of a star has never been observed. The principles of physics demand some special conditions for st ...
... The popular theory is that stars form from vast clouds of gas and dust through gravitational contraction. Because of heat pressure gas and dust clouds will expand, NOT contract. “The complete birth of a star has never been observed. The principles of physics demand some special conditions for st ...
observing the universe
... Based on X-ray emission, many galaxies have black holes at the center. A black hole is an extremely dense body of matter, formed by the collapse of a massive star’s core, with a gravitational pull so strong nothing can escape. The study of this celestial phenomenon is somewhat tough. A black hole ca ...
... Based on X-ray emission, many galaxies have black holes at the center. A black hole is an extremely dense body of matter, formed by the collapse of a massive star’s core, with a gravitational pull so strong nothing can escape. The study of this celestial phenomenon is somewhat tough. A black hole ca ...
Calculate the Mass of the Milky Way Galaxy
... • During the uncertainties of the era, Hubble was able to observe galaxies at distances up to 7 million light years away. By doing so he was able to come up with Hubble's Law, which said that the further galaxies were away from earth the faster they moved away from our planet. Hubble's rule proved t ...
... • During the uncertainties of the era, Hubble was able to observe galaxies at distances up to 7 million light years away. By doing so he was able to come up with Hubble's Law, which said that the further galaxies were away from earth the faster they moved away from our planet. Hubble's rule proved t ...
The Habitability of Planets Orbiting M
... The spectral slope and the strengths of molecular and atomic features differentiate M dwarf spectral types from one another, though metallicity variation makes this a subtle endeavor (Gizis, 1997). A full suite of spectral “standard" stars from 6300 to 9000 Å enabled the technique of least-squares c ...
... The spectral slope and the strengths of molecular and atomic features differentiate M dwarf spectral types from one another, though metallicity variation makes this a subtle endeavor (Gizis, 1997). A full suite of spectral “standard" stars from 6300 to 9000 Å enabled the technique of least-squares c ...
Electronic version of lab manual 1-6 ()
... The ability to read and interpret graphs is part of scientific and quantitative reasoning. This is essential to understand how science, a well defined process, is accomplished. In this laboratory exercise, and many of the following exercises in the reminder of the semester, you will be asked to plot ...
... The ability to read and interpret graphs is part of scientific and quantitative reasoning. This is essential to understand how science, a well defined process, is accomplished. In this laboratory exercise, and many of the following exercises in the reminder of the semester, you will be asked to plot ...
Life on Other Worlds
... may throw them away upon such subjects as this; but I suppose they who can spend their time better, will not be at so vain and fruitless an expence." (John Glanvill's translation of 1688.) The question whether life exists on other worlds is one that still excites curiosity, and to which astronomers ...
... may throw them away upon such subjects as this; but I suppose they who can spend their time better, will not be at so vain and fruitless an expence." (John Glanvill's translation of 1688.) The question whether life exists on other worlds is one that still excites curiosity, and to which astronomers ...
Rare Earth hypothesis
In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.