Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler
... where R⊕ = 6371 km is the Earth’s radius); planets in this size range are missing from our Solar System. These planets have a wide range of densities (Batalha et al. 2011; Lissauer et al. 2011a; Doyle et al. 2011; Carter et al. 2012; Jontof-Hutter et al. 2014; Marcy et al. 2014), probably because th ...
... where R⊕ = 6371 km is the Earth’s radius); planets in this size range are missing from our Solar System. These planets have a wide range of densities (Batalha et al. 2011; Lissauer et al. 2011a; Doyle et al. 2011; Carter et al. 2012; Jontof-Hutter et al. 2014; Marcy et al. 2014), probably because th ...
My Favorite Universe
... his series of lectures discusses 12 topics based on 12 hand-picked essays out of 100 or so written for Natural History magazine since 1995. Although they do not follow a particular curriculum, they nonetheless represent the professor’s favorite cosmic subjects. And, not surprisingly, they represent ...
... his series of lectures discusses 12 topics based on 12 hand-picked essays out of 100 or so written for Natural History magazine since 1995. Although they do not follow a particular curriculum, they nonetheless represent the professor’s favorite cosmic subjects. And, not surprisingly, they represent ...
Dancing with Stars 3 Dancing with Stars Binary Stellar Evolution 1
... become a red giant. The Algol system is presumably in this slow mass transfer phase. 6. Large Separation When the two stars are of relatively large separation, but still close enough to qualify as a “close” binary, mass transfer does not begin until the more massive star has become nearly a full-fle ...
... become a red giant. The Algol system is presumably in this slow mass transfer phase. 6. Large Separation When the two stars are of relatively large separation, but still close enough to qualify as a “close” binary, mass transfer does not begin until the more massive star has become nearly a full-fle ...
If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would weigh 38 pounds on
... Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core") may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest major ...
... Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core") may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest major ...
Effect of the stellar spin history on the tidal evolution of close
... Methods. We used a standard equilibrium tidal model to compute the orbital evolution of single planets orbiting both Sun-like stars and very low-mass stars (0.1 M ). We tested two stellar spin evolution profiles, one with fast initial rotation (1.2 day rotation period) and one with slow initial rot ...
... Methods. We used a standard equilibrium tidal model to compute the orbital evolution of single planets orbiting both Sun-like stars and very low-mass stars (0.1 M ). We tested two stellar spin evolution profiles, one with fast initial rotation (1.2 day rotation period) and one with slow initial rot ...
Notes for Class 5, February 16
... • Newest (Xena) may have the best claim – size, moon • These are in or near the “Kuiper Belt” (asteroids) ...
... • Newest (Xena) may have the best claim – size, moon • These are in or near the “Kuiper Belt” (asteroids) ...
Abiotic formation of O $\ mathsf {_2} $ and O $\ mathsf {_3} $ in high
... would inhibit the loss of oxygen by reaction with reduced minerals, whereas the lack of outgassing would eliminate reaction with reduced volcanic gases (primarily H2 ) as an oxygen sink. The martian atmosphere contains 0.1% O2 and would likely have even more if the planet were slightly larger so tha ...
... would inhibit the loss of oxygen by reaction with reduced minerals, whereas the lack of outgassing would eliminate reaction with reduced volcanic gases (primarily H2 ) as an oxygen sink. The martian atmosphere contains 0.1% O2 and would likely have even more if the planet were slightly larger so tha ...
Tidal Evolution of Close-In Extra-Solar Planets
... To test the hypothesis that tides have been responsible for reducing e, we numerically integrated the canonical tidal evolution equations of Goldreich & Soter (1966) and Kaula (1968) backwards in time for all close-in planets for which we have adequate information (see Jackson et al. (2008a) for det ...
... To test the hypothesis that tides have been responsible for reducing e, we numerically integrated the canonical tidal evolution equations of Goldreich & Soter (1966) and Kaula (1968) backwards in time for all close-in planets for which we have adequate information (see Jackson et al. (2008a) for det ...
The Science of Astronomy
... detailed records. The Chinese, for example, began recording astronomical observations at least 5000 years ago, allowing ancient Chinese astronomers to make many important discoveries. Other cultures either did not leave such clear written records or had records that were lost or destroyed, so we mus ...
... detailed records. The Chinese, for example, began recording astronomical observations at least 5000 years ago, allowing ancient Chinese astronomers to make many important discoveries. Other cultures either did not leave such clear written records or had records that were lost or destroyed, so we mus ...
1 Assignment Discovery Online Curriculum Lesson title
... Remember that it's important to keep track of the units. If Earth's diameter had been given in kilometers, it would be incorrect to use 240,000 miles for the Earth-moon distance. We would need to convert that distance to kilometers, too. Because both diameters are given in miles, they cancel each ot ...
... Remember that it's important to keep track of the units. If Earth's diameter had been given in kilometers, it would be incorrect to use 240,000 miles for the Earth-moon distance. We would need to convert that distance to kilometers, too. Because both diameters are given in miles, they cancel each ot ...
Moon, Super-Moon, Planets of the Solar System
... sky. This is caused by different angles from which we see the lighted part of the Moon’s surface. These are called phases of the Moon. The Moon passes through many major shapes during a cycle that repeats itself every 29.53 days. The phases always follow one another in same order- new Moon, waxing c ...
... sky. This is caused by different angles from which we see the lighted part of the Moon’s surface. These are called phases of the Moon. The Moon passes through many major shapes during a cycle that repeats itself every 29.53 days. The phases always follow one another in same order- new Moon, waxing c ...
night watch - Warren Astronomical Society
... -2The best method for determining the radius of Pluto, as it is for Neptune, is to observe a stellar occultation. It was predicted that Pluto would pass near a 15th magnitude star in 1965, and so the passage was observed very closely by several observatories to see if the star would be occulted. We ...
... -2The best method for determining the radius of Pluto, as it is for Neptune, is to observe a stellar occultation. It was predicted that Pluto would pass near a 15th magnitude star in 1965, and so the passage was observed very closely by several observatories to see if the star would be occulted. We ...
Astro 101 Final F15 - Nicholls State University
... d. The force from the planets’ fast rotation rates made them fly off. ____ 24. It would be difficult for humans to survive on the surface of Mars for long periods of time because: a. there is not enough oxygen in the atmosphere. b. the range in temperature between day and night is too large. c. ther ...
... d. The force from the planets’ fast rotation rates made them fly off. ____ 24. It would be difficult for humans to survive on the surface of Mars for long periods of time because: a. there is not enough oxygen in the atmosphere. b. the range in temperature between day and night is too large. c. ther ...
Celestia DATA WORKSHEET
... clouds, baking in 900°F heat and crushing pressures. Funny … it doesn’t look so bad. In fact, the planet is very attractive from orbit, don’t you think. Venus is so hot because it has a runaway greenhouse effect, caused by so much carbon dioxide in its atmosphere (95% of its air is CO2). It also has ...
... clouds, baking in 900°F heat and crushing pressures. Funny … it doesn’t look so bad. In fact, the planet is very attractive from orbit, don’t you think. Venus is so hot because it has a runaway greenhouse effect, caused by so much carbon dioxide in its atmosphere (95% of its air is CO2). It also has ...
Life on Our Evolving Planet slides
... The National Academy of Sciences says that it is the role of science to provide plausible natural explanations of natural phenomena. The ultimate question for Earth System History is: How did a giant cloud of cold dilute gas and dust evolve into astronauts in a spacecraft orbiting a planet orbiting ...
... The National Academy of Sciences says that it is the role of science to provide plausible natural explanations of natural phenomena. The ultimate question for Earth System History is: How did a giant cloud of cold dilute gas and dust evolve into astronauts in a spacecraft orbiting a planet orbiting ...
Lecture2.2014_v4 - UCO/Lick Observatory
... – Virtually every galaxy outside our Local Group is moving away from us – The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us – How is the observation made? From Doppler shift of spectral lines (will discuss in later lecture). » Color of light becomes redder if the object emitting the ...
... – Virtually every galaxy outside our Local Group is moving away from us – The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us – How is the observation made? From Doppler shift of spectral lines (will discuss in later lecture). » Color of light becomes redder if the object emitting the ...
Lecture 2: A Modern View of the Universe
... – Virtually every galaxy outside our Local Group is moving away from us – The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us – How is the observation made? From Doppler shift of spectral lines (will discuss in later lecture). » Color of light becomes redder if the object emitting ...
... – Virtually every galaxy outside our Local Group is moving away from us – The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us – How is the observation made? From Doppler shift of spectral lines (will discuss in later lecture). » Color of light becomes redder if the object emitting ...
STELLAR CLASSIFICATIONS: TYPE “O” STARS
... 16 times as much mass as the sun or more. Since these stars are so much bigger than the sun, this means their mass is spread out a little more. In other words, the sun is more dense than stars like this. This is because the light coming from these stars has so much pressure that it puffs the star up ...
... 16 times as much mass as the sun or more. Since these stars are so much bigger than the sun, this means their mass is spread out a little more. In other words, the sun is more dense than stars like this. This is because the light coming from these stars has so much pressure that it puffs the star up ...
A Stargazers Guide to Astronomy
... speed. Since the principles of this science were settled by Copernicus, four hundred years ago, it has never had to beat a retreat. It is rewritten not to correct material errors, but to incorporate new discoveries. At one time, Astronomy studied mostly tides, seasons, and telescopic aspects of the ...
... speed. Since the principles of this science were settled by Copernicus, four hundred years ago, it has never had to beat a retreat. It is rewritten not to correct material errors, but to incorporate new discoveries. At one time, Astronomy studied mostly tides, seasons, and telescopic aspects of the ...
HONORS EARTH SCIENCE
... 6. Describe how a cloud forms (3 things needed) and conditions needed 7. Recognize the 5 major cloud types and the weather associated with them Air pressure/wind- chapter 17 1.Determine general wind speed from isobars 2. Determine wind direction from pressure systems 3. Describe weather around press ...
... 6. Describe how a cloud forms (3 things needed) and conditions needed 7. Recognize the 5 major cloud types and the weather associated with them Air pressure/wind- chapter 17 1.Determine general wind speed from isobars 2. Determine wind direction from pressure systems 3. Describe weather around press ...
Larger, high-res file, best for printing
... the lingering legacies that singular moments create in our lives. And all through human history, many of those milestones have happened in the sky. Consider, for example, the two glorious transits of the late spring of 2012. The first occurred on May 20 — an annular solar eclipse (right), whose path ...
... the lingering legacies that singular moments create in our lives. And all through human history, many of those milestones have happened in the sky. Consider, for example, the two glorious transits of the late spring of 2012. The first occurred on May 20 — an annular solar eclipse (right), whose path ...
Powerpoint slides - Earth & Planetary Sciences
... • Case studies – examples from this Solar System (and ...
... • Case studies – examples from this Solar System (and ...
Insights into Bode`s Law
... consequence of both their initial formation spacing, and billions of years of gravitational perturbations, but Bode's Law is not a law which can be generalized to describe these other systems. This means that you are more or less free to hypothesize just about any spacings for planets which does not ...
... consequence of both their initial formation spacing, and billions of years of gravitational perturbations, but Bode's Law is not a law which can be generalized to describe these other systems. This means that you are more or less free to hypothesize just about any spacings for planets which does not ...
WORD - Astrophysics
... essential questions remain for which the collecting area and angular resolution of an extremely large optical/infrared telescope will prove decisive. Many of these questions deal with the earliest and the latest stages of stellar evolution, plagued by significant unknowns. Determining the entire ste ...
... essential questions remain for which the collecting area and angular resolution of an extremely large optical/infrared telescope will prove decisive. Many of these questions deal with the earliest and the latest stages of stellar evolution, plagued by significant unknowns. Determining the entire ste ...
Planet formation
... Snow line: 2.7 AU from the Sun, temperatures are low enough that molecules appear in the form of icy grains, and dust grains have sufficiently low temperatures to capture ice molecules in their mantles. The Snow line is crucial for the planet formation process, as ice-covered grains are suggested to ...
... Snow line: 2.7 AU from the Sun, temperatures are low enough that molecules appear in the form of icy grains, and dust grains have sufficiently low temperatures to capture ice molecules in their mantles. The Snow line is crucial for the planet formation process, as ice-covered grains are suggested to ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.