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Earth in Space - Learning Outcomes
Earth in Space - Learning Outcomes

... 10. (a) Explain what is meant by the term „escape velocity‟. (b) Derive an expression for the escape velocity in terms of the mass and radius of a planet. (c) (i) Calculate the escape velocity from both the Earth and from the Moon. (ii) Using your answers to (i) comment on the atmosphere of the Eart ...
Script Chapter 7 part 1
Script Chapter 7 part 1

CONSTELLATIONS
CONSTELLATIONS

Production of Manganese-53 in a Self
Production of Manganese-53 in a Self

... of user-defined mutable properties. At each time step, the multi-zone code sets up links between zones. Once the links between the zones are constructed, the code builds the network matrix and then simultaneously solves the abundance changes due to nuclear reactions and mixing. To build the version ...
printer-friendly sample test questions
printer-friendly sample test questions

May 2017 - Bays Mountain Park
May 2017 - Bays Mountain Park

... other direction, assuming that we are ordinary - a dime a dozen. ...
The orbits of a planet and a binary star 1 Creating the objects 2
The orbits of a planet and a binary star 1 Creating the objects 2

... What happens if you aim the objects straight away from each other? With large or small initial speeds? What happens if you aim the objects straight toward each other? (When the objects get very close, the force changes rapidly with distance, so the calculations become increasingly inaccurate and the ...
Gravitational redshifts
Gravitational redshifts

... Perseus cluster core in X-rays (Chandra), overlaid with Hα (WYIN). Arc-shaped Hα filaments suggest vortex-like flows. ...
005 Astrophysics problems
005 Astrophysics problems

... 10. (a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘escape velocity’. (b) Derive an expression for the escape velocity in terms of the mass and radius of a planet. (c) (i) Calculate the escape velocity from both the Earth and from the Moon. (ii) Using your answers to (i) comment on the atmosphere of the Eart ...
VISIT TO NORMAN LOCKYER OBSERVATORY IN SIDMOUTH
VISIT TO NORMAN LOCKYER OBSERVATORY IN SIDMOUTH

... Virgo. Saturn, a little brighter than Spica, lies in Libra down to its lower left and will appear slightly yellow in colour. Held steady, binoculars should enable you to see Saturn's brightest moon, Titan, at magnitude 8.2. A small telescope will show the rings with magnifications of x25 or more and ...
History of Astronomy
History of Astronomy

... historians, and for information about the Chinese we rely upon the researches of travellers and missionaries in comparatively recent times. The testimony of the Greek writers has fortunately been confirmed, and we now have in addition a mass of facts translated from the original sculptures, papyri, ...
1 Exoplanets 2 Types of Exoplanets
1 Exoplanets 2 Types of Exoplanets

... Gas giants are planets similar to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are mostly composed of hydrogen and helium with possible rocky or icy cores. Gas giants have masses greater than 10 Earth masses. Roughly 25 percent of all discovered exoplanets are gas giants. ...
OuR SOlAR SyStem
OuR SOlAR SyStem

... our Solar System could now be reached with robotic space probes, despite their incomparably greater distance. Venus and Mars were the first, followed in short order by Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and other bodies even farther out. The innumerable observations that were made were both fascinating and en ...
PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE
PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE

... (1) smaller and rounder (3) larger and rounder (2) smaller and more angular (4) larger and more angular 50 As the Niagara River enters Lake Ontario, the velocity of the river water (1) decreases and larger sediments are deposited first (2) decreases and smaller sediments are deposited first (3) incr ...
Solar cycle length and 20th Century northern hemisphere warming
Solar cycle length and 20th Century northern hemisphere warming

Astronomy
Astronomy

The Potato Radius: a Lower Minimum Size for Dwarf Planets
The Potato Radius: a Lower Minimum Size for Dwarf Planets

... system (see Gomez et al 2005). In summary, planets exist because angular momentum is conserved and gets stranded (Stevenson 2004). Based on this idea, Hoyle (1960) suggested (see also Huang 1969) that stellar spin be used as a proxy to detect other planetary systems. If a star is spinning with an an ...
IOTA Plans for the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
IOTA Plans for the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse

... the main IOTA Web site at http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota, the lunar feature (angle measured from the projection of the Moon’s axis of rotation, called “Watts angle” or WA) was identified for each timing using the program’s profile display (example below). The display is calculated for the ti ...
How Wide Is Lightning
How Wide Is Lightning

... in being the farthest planet from the sun. So . . . when they're trading places. . . will Neptune and Pluto ever collide?" K: Brionna, Pluto is usually the outermost planet. But Pluto comes closer to the sun than Neptune for about 20 years out of every one of its orbits around the sun -- and, by the ...
Moon - mrnicholsscience
Moon - mrnicholsscience

... From near to far, from here to there, funny things are everywhere (TSG 1960) ...
Mission 1 - NC State University
Mission 1 - NC State University

... heat that we feel when we are outside during the day. The Sun is one of many stars in our galaxy. Our sun is an average star. Some others stars are much bigger and others are much smaller. All of the other stars in the sky are much further away from us than the Sun. Their long distance away from us ...
13.Asteroids - University of New Mexico
13.Asteroids - University of New Mexico

... Asteroids are material left over from the formation of the solar system. One early hypothesis suggested that they were the remains of a planet that was destroyed in a massive collision long ago. Given the variety of asteroids, a single parent body is highly unlikely. More likely, asteroids are mate ...
celestial sphere.
celestial sphere.

... the celestial poles (1 day cycle) Observation: Stars, Sun, Moon and planets move in counterclockwise circles around ...
A radiogenic heating evolution model for cosmochemically Earth
A radiogenic heating evolution model for cosmochemically Earth

... 2. Galactic chemical evolution Astrophysicists have long been faced with the challenge of trying to encapsulate the chemical evolution of the Galaxy into a single cohesive narrative (Burbidge et al., 1957). To tackle this problem, GCE models were formulated to address how the bulk chemistry of the G ...
Exploring the Asteroids
Exploring the Asteroids

... Three faces of Vesta? Image at top left is an actual Hubble Space Telescope image of Vesta, the groovily-coloured image is a relief map based on the first image and the top right image is a model of Vesta approximating a close-up view of the asteroid. Vesta orbits about 2.4 AU from the Sun (1 AU = 1 ...
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Formation and evolution of the Solar System



The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.
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