297 special transport and neurological significance of two amino
... notable case from a quarter of a century ago in Saccharomyces chevalieri, which shows a strong competitive inhibition of L-proline uptake by D-proline with 28 % of the affinity shown for the L-isomer (Magaña-Schwencke and Schwencke, 1969). Admittedly, such low transport stereospecifity is not unusua ...
... notable case from a quarter of a century ago in Saccharomyces chevalieri, which shows a strong competitive inhibition of L-proline uptake by D-proline with 28 % of the affinity shown for the L-isomer (Magaña-Schwencke and Schwencke, 1969). Admittedly, such low transport stereospecifity is not unusua ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
Aromatic amino acid catabolism by lactococci
... development, the pathways present in cheese microflora are poorly understood. To determine the pathways of aromatic amino acid catabolism in lactococci and effects of Cheddar cheese ripening conditions on catabolic enzymes and products, eight starter lactococcal strains were screened. Cell-free extr ...
... development, the pathways present in cheese microflora are poorly understood. To determine the pathways of aromatic amino acid catabolism in lactococci and effects of Cheddar cheese ripening conditions on catabolic enzymes and products, eight starter lactococcal strains were screened. Cell-free extr ...
Chapter 8b
... Lack of sarcomeres & T-tubules (non-striated) Thick and thin filaments are anchored on dense bodies Walls of hollow organs Support visceral functions (not for locomotion and other behavior) ...
... Lack of sarcomeres & T-tubules (non-striated) Thick and thin filaments are anchored on dense bodies Walls of hollow organs Support visceral functions (not for locomotion and other behavior) ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... This amphiphatic property is essential for the bile acid’s biological function, i.e. facilitating the excretion of hydrophobic molecules into the bile and mediating the absorption of dietary lipids from the intestinal lumen. However, it also turns bile acids into powerful detergents which at high co ...
... This amphiphatic property is essential for the bile acid’s biological function, i.e. facilitating the excretion of hydrophobic molecules into the bile and mediating the absorption of dietary lipids from the intestinal lumen. However, it also turns bile acids into powerful detergents which at high co ...
Peptide synthesis – chemistry and modifications
... Chemical synthesis of peptides – whether by solution or SPPS – requires a method to release the desired peptide from its protecting groups. Acidolysis remains the most popular amongst the synthetic strategies to cleave peptides from both resin and protecting groups. Acidolytic deprotection is a majo ...
... Chemical synthesis of peptides – whether by solution or SPPS – requires a method to release the desired peptide from its protecting groups. Acidolysis remains the most popular amongst the synthetic strategies to cleave peptides from both resin and protecting groups. Acidolytic deprotection is a majo ...
Document
... and contained higher amounts of linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic and palmitic than cv. ‘Sebin’ (Table 2). Walnut oil composition is changed by genotype, geographical location, climatic condition, cultural practices, maturity of the seed at harvest, its position on the plant, and its handling aft ...
... and contained higher amounts of linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic and palmitic than cv. ‘Sebin’ (Table 2). Walnut oil composition is changed by genotype, geographical location, climatic condition, cultural practices, maturity of the seed at harvest, its position on the plant, and its handling aft ...
AP Bio Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1. What is the term for
... 21. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation c. converting oxygen to ATP d. transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate e. generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron ...
... 21. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation c. converting oxygen to ATP d. transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate e. generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron ...
Acute nutritional ketosis: implications for exercise performance and metabolism Open Access
... βHB in order to study the role of ketone bodies as oxidative substrates, or signals, in human subjects [67]. Narrowing this search further to those studies conducted during whole body exercise in healthy subjects results in only a handful of published reports, derived from fewer than 30 people [68,6 ...
... βHB in order to study the role of ketone bodies as oxidative substrates, or signals, in human subjects [67]. Narrowing this search further to those studies conducted during whole body exercise in healthy subjects results in only a handful of published reports, derived from fewer than 30 people [68,6 ...
Lipids as Tumoricidal Components of Human
... MAPK signaling, and especially Na⫹ or K⫹ fluxes were essential for these responses to occur. In a screen for suitable fatty acids cofactors, C18:1, cis-monounsaturated fatty acids were identified as optimal for HAMLET formation (26), suggesting that these fatty acids may share specific structural fe ...
... MAPK signaling, and especially Na⫹ or K⫹ fluxes were essential for these responses to occur. In a screen for suitable fatty acids cofactors, C18:1, cis-monounsaturated fatty acids were identified as optimal for HAMLET formation (26), suggesting that these fatty acids may share specific structural fe ...
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose
... pyruvate back to glucose-6-phosphate and stores this glucose as glycogen. Any pyruvate formed by prolonged contraction is either converted to lactate and the lactate is released to the liver for gluconeogenesis or when the muscle is again well oxygenated it is converted to acetyl-CoA for the TCA cyc ...
... pyruvate back to glucose-6-phosphate and stores this glucose as glycogen. Any pyruvate formed by prolonged contraction is either converted to lactate and the lactate is released to the liver for gluconeogenesis or when the muscle is again well oxygenated it is converted to acetyl-CoA for the TCA cyc ...
Cellular Respiration - Chandler Unified School District
... • Let’s first look at the following energy capturing processes that you see in everyday life. An incandescent light bulb is about 5% efficient Electricity generated from coal is about 21% efficient The most efficient gasoline combustion engine in cars is about 23% efficient. ...
... • Let’s first look at the following energy capturing processes that you see in everyday life. An incandescent light bulb is about 5% efficient Electricity generated from coal is about 21% efficient The most efficient gasoline combustion engine in cars is about 23% efficient. ...
Toward D-peptide biosynthesis: Elongation Factor P
... Life is an anti-entropic phenomenon with two mutually-reinforcing characters: homochirality and stereospecific catalysis. The exclusive presence of L-amino acids in proteins of the living world is a prominent example of this. However, D-amino acid containing peptides (DAACP) are still present in mic ...
... Life is an anti-entropic phenomenon with two mutually-reinforcing characters: homochirality and stereospecific catalysis. The exclusive presence of L-amino acids in proteins of the living world is a prominent example of this. However, D-amino acid containing peptides (DAACP) are still present in mic ...
Manipulation of yeast respiration using acetic acid to demonstrate
... almost certainly have a different texture. In yeast breads leavening is a result of CO2 production by yeast cells as they metabolize sugars through aerobic respiration and fermentation (Fig. 1). In the presence of oxygen, yeast cells actively take up and metabolize glucose using aerobic respiration, ...
... almost certainly have a different texture. In yeast breads leavening is a result of CO2 production by yeast cells as they metabolize sugars through aerobic respiration and fermentation (Fig. 1). In the presence of oxygen, yeast cells actively take up and metabolize glucose using aerobic respiration, ...
Chapter 9: Pathways that Harvest Chemical
... to do work. The same equation applies to the overall metabolism of glucose in cells. However, in contrast to combustion, the metabolism of glucose is a multistep pathway—each step is catalyzed by an enzyme, and the process is compartmentalized. Unlike combustion, glucose metabolism is tightly regula ...
... to do work. The same equation applies to the overall metabolism of glucose in cells. However, in contrast to combustion, the metabolism of glucose is a multistep pathway—each step is catalyzed by an enzyme, and the process is compartmentalized. Unlike combustion, glucose metabolism is tightly regula ...
video slide
... Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
... Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
amino acid mixture
... acids when presented in the free form), or by glycylglycine, which has been shown to inhibit absorption of several di- and tri-peptides in vitro (Rubino et al., 1971; Addison et al., 1974; Das & Radhakrishnan, 1975), might be explained if these amino acid residues were absorbed by an alternative pep ...
... acids when presented in the free form), or by glycylglycine, which has been shown to inhibit absorption of several di- and tri-peptides in vitro (Rubino et al., 1971; Addison et al., 1974; Das & Radhakrishnan, 1975), might be explained if these amino acid residues were absorbed by an alternative pep ...
Ch 3 The Molecules of Life 20112012
... • The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons. – These are organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. – Composed of a carbon skeleton with hydrogens attached to the carbons. ...
... • The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons. – These are organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. – Composed of a carbon skeleton with hydrogens attached to the carbons. ...
Interspecific and intraspecific composition and variation of free
... the cell volume) was in general inversely proportional to the volume of the cell (except for Dunaliella tertiolecta). The amount of DFAA tended to decrease from the active to the reduced phase of growth. In order, Cryptrophyceae, Dinophyceae (except Scnppsiella trochoidea), Haptophyceae, Bacillariop ...
... the cell volume) was in general inversely proportional to the volume of the cell (except for Dunaliella tertiolecta). The amount of DFAA tended to decrease from the active to the reduced phase of growth. In order, Cryptrophyceae, Dinophyceae (except Scnppsiella trochoidea), Haptophyceae, Bacillariop ...
Increasing Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Flux as a Treatment
... sodium citrate in 100 mL double-distilled H2O, pH 4) (25). These animals then continued on the high-fat diet for the remainder of the study. This model aimed to generate a moderate type 2 diabetic phenotype by using the high-fat feeding to induce peripheral insulin resistance, followed by a low dose ...
... sodium citrate in 100 mL double-distilled H2O, pH 4) (25). These animals then continued on the high-fat diet for the remainder of the study. This model aimed to generate a moderate type 2 diabetic phenotype by using the high-fat feeding to induce peripheral insulin resistance, followed by a low dose ...
Lipotoxicity in steatohepatitis occurs despite an increase in
... simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (1, 11, 38), which is projected to be the most common indication for liver transplantation (8). Uncovering defects in hepatic mitochondrial metabolism assumes great importance toward understanding the transition to NASH and developing future pr ...
... simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (1, 11, 38), which is projected to be the most common indication for liver transplantation (8). Uncovering defects in hepatic mitochondrial metabolism assumes great importance toward understanding the transition to NASH and developing future pr ...
Structure, mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... During prolonged fasting, the brain depends substantially, and red blood cells rely entirely, for an energy source on glucose synthesized from the non-carbohydrate precursors lactate, alanine, glycerol and glutamine by liver, and to a lesser extent by kidney cortex and small intestine. As shown in F ...
... During prolonged fasting, the brain depends substantially, and red blood cells rely entirely, for an energy source on glucose synthesized from the non-carbohydrate precursors lactate, alanine, glycerol and glutamine by liver, and to a lesser extent by kidney cortex and small intestine. As shown in F ...
Relative Reactivity of Amino Acids with Chlorine
... (2). This reaction has been demonstrated to account for over 40% of CNCl formed in a river water sample (3). Reactions of amino acids with chlorine are also of interest at points of drinking water use. Such reactions can conceivably occur in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract through direct consu ...
... (2). This reaction has been demonstrated to account for over 40% of CNCl formed in a river water sample (3). Reactions of amino acids with chlorine are also of interest at points of drinking water use. Such reactions can conceivably occur in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract through direct consu ...
Chapter 26
... made by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS II) – This is a cytosolic enzyme (whereas CPS I is mitochondrial and used for the urea cycle) – Substrates are HCO3-, glutamine (not NH4+), 2 ATP – In mammals, CPS-II can be viewed as the committed step in pyrimidine synthesis – Bacteria have but one CP ...
... made by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS II) – This is a cytosolic enzyme (whereas CPS I is mitochondrial and used for the urea cycle) – Substrates are HCO3-, glutamine (not NH4+), 2 ATP – In mammals, CPS-II can be viewed as the committed step in pyrimidine synthesis – Bacteria have but one CP ...