Two fatty acid ∆9-desaturase genes, ole1 and ole2
... Known fungal fatty acid desaturases are all endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound enzymes which have their active site on the ER’s cytoplasmic face. The active site comprises three histidine-rich boxes, normally containing eight essential histidine residues, which fold up to form the di-iron bin ...
... Known fungal fatty acid desaturases are all endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound enzymes which have their active site on the ER’s cytoplasmic face. The active site comprises three histidine-rich boxes, normally containing eight essential histidine residues, which fold up to form the di-iron bin ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Resulting complexes split into twelve 3PGA molecules. NADPH and ATP (from light dependent reactions) supply energy and electrons that reduce the twelve 3PGA to 12 GA3P. Ten of the twelve GA3P molecules are restructured into six RuBP molecules using another 6 ATPs. The remaining two GA3P are us ...
... Resulting complexes split into twelve 3PGA molecules. NADPH and ATP (from light dependent reactions) supply energy and electrons that reduce the twelve 3PGA to 12 GA3P. Ten of the twelve GA3P molecules are restructured into six RuBP molecules using another 6 ATPs. The remaining two GA3P are us ...
fermentation
... 2. Fermentation involves no Krebs cycle or electron transport chain. Key to the function of glycolysis is NAD+, an electron transport usually used to take electrons to the Krebs cycle. Two NAD+ arrive at the glucose molecule and oxidize it (removing four electrons and four ...
... 2. Fermentation involves no Krebs cycle or electron transport chain. Key to the function of glycolysis is NAD+, an electron transport usually used to take electrons to the Krebs cycle. Two NAD+ arrive at the glucose molecule and oxidize it (removing four electrons and four ...
Studies on the extra-mitochondrial CoA
... overall reaction catalysed by the acyl-CoA synthetases includes firstly an adenylyl transfer step from ATP to the fatty acid, forming an acyl-adenylate and pyrophosphate (PPi). The activated intermediate (acyl-AMP) is then attacked by CoASH, yielding the acyl-CoA product and AMP [4,5]. ACS are gener ...
... overall reaction catalysed by the acyl-CoA synthetases includes firstly an adenylyl transfer step from ATP to the fatty acid, forming an acyl-adenylate and pyrophosphate (PPi). The activated intermediate (acyl-AMP) is then attacked by CoASH, yielding the acyl-CoA product and AMP [4,5]. ACS are gener ...
SBI 4UI Test – Metabolic Processes: Cell Respiration
... T10. Each Glucose eventually yields 2 ATP directly from the Kreb’s Cycle. T11. The last acceptor of protons and electrons in the ETC is oxygen. T12. The proton channel moves protons out of the intermembrane space. Part C: Identify the term described on the ANSWER SHEET on p. 3. 1. The name of the ch ...
... T10. Each Glucose eventually yields 2 ATP directly from the Kreb’s Cycle. T11. The last acceptor of protons and electrons in the ETC is oxygen. T12. The proton channel moves protons out of the intermembrane space. Part C: Identify the term described on the ANSWER SHEET on p. 3. 1. The name of the ch ...
AP Biology Notes Outline Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular R
... Glycolysis is the process in which 1 molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Glycolysis produces a total of 4 ATP, but requires 2 ATP in the beginning to get the pyruvic acid through the membrane of the mitoc ...
... Glycolysis is the process in which 1 molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Glycolysis produces a total of 4 ATP, but requires 2 ATP in the beginning to get the pyruvic acid through the membrane of the mitoc ...
A.) There are three different categories of cellular poisons that affect
... – To survive, cells must be able to biosynthesize molecules that are not present in its foods – Often the cell will convert the intermediate compounds of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to molecules not found in food ...
... – To survive, cells must be able to biosynthesize molecules that are not present in its foods – Often the cell will convert the intermediate compounds of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to molecules not found in food ...
Unit VII: Chapter 41
... Chief Cells: secrete the enzyme Pepsin (in an inactive form called pepsinogen) that initiates the partial hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptide chains. Parietal Cells: secrete HCl (pH .8) that, once secreted into the stomach cavity, functions to: Activates the zymogens pepsinogen & l ...
... Chief Cells: secrete the enzyme Pepsin (in an inactive form called pepsinogen) that initiates the partial hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptide chains. Parietal Cells: secrete HCl (pH .8) that, once secreted into the stomach cavity, functions to: Activates the zymogens pepsinogen & l ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 5 Transport, Carbohydrates, Metabolism
... (a) The Ca2+-ATPase pumps Ca2+ out of the cytosol as ATP is hydrolysed. (b) The (H+-K+)-ATPase of the gastric pumps protons out of the cell. Each proton is accompanied by the transport of a K+ into the cell. (c) Subsequently to the action of the describe (H+-K+)-ATPase, the K+ is again transported o ...
... (a) The Ca2+-ATPase pumps Ca2+ out of the cytosol as ATP is hydrolysed. (b) The (H+-K+)-ATPase of the gastric pumps protons out of the cell. Each proton is accompanied by the transport of a K+ into the cell. (c) Subsequently to the action of the describe (H+-K+)-ATPase, the K+ is again transported o ...
Hyperlipidemia Intro I
... polyunsaturated). Phospholipids are triacylglycerols that have had a FA replaced ...
... polyunsaturated). Phospholipids are triacylglycerols that have had a FA replaced ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate Ž Acetyl-CoA
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus
... stopping synthesis of glycogen and preventing uptake of glucose in the liver lack of insulin & increase of glucagon activates phosphorylase (splitting of glycogen into glucose phosphate) activation of glucose phosphatase (spliting of phosphate radical, diffusion of glucose) ...
... stopping synthesis of glycogen and preventing uptake of glucose in the liver lack of insulin & increase of glucagon activates phosphorylase (splitting of glycogen into glucose phosphate) activation of glucose phosphatase (spliting of phosphate radical, diffusion of glucose) ...
Kidney – structure and function
... U-shaped loops help to retain solutes (ions and urea) in tissue fluid of medulla This gives a low water potential in this area When water is conserved – collecting ducts become permeable and water diffuses from urine into the tissue fluid and into the capillaries ...
... U-shaped loops help to retain solutes (ions and urea) in tissue fluid of medulla This gives a low water potential in this area When water is conserved – collecting ducts become permeable and water diffuses from urine into the tissue fluid and into the capillaries ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate Ž Acetyl-CoA
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
the code of translation
... 4. A peptide bond forms between the first two amino acids. 5. The first tRNA leaves, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon. 6. The next tRNA brings in the next amino acid, and a peptide bond is formed between this amino acid and the growing amino acid chain. 7. The process continu ...
... 4. A peptide bond forms between the first two amino acids. 5. The first tRNA leaves, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon. 6. The next tRNA brings in the next amino acid, and a peptide bond is formed between this amino acid and the growing amino acid chain. 7. The process continu ...
Document
... T4. Serine shows a significant increase; threonine shows a significant decrease; and alanine shows no trend. The direction and magnitude of these trends is influenced by mutations at all three codon positions. ...
... T4. Serine shows a significant increase; threonine shows a significant decrease; and alanine shows no trend. The direction and magnitude of these trends is influenced by mutations at all three codon positions. ...
A1988L783100001
... Another topic discussed in the paper was the light-catalysed isomerism of ABA to the biologically inactive 2.trans isomer that had been detected in plant extracts but could have been formed during the workup. By exploiting the optical rotation of the natural material and l4Clabelled (j )-ABA, we sho ...
... Another topic discussed in the paper was the light-catalysed isomerism of ABA to the biologically inactive 2.trans isomer that had been detected in plant extracts but could have been formed during the workup. By exploiting the optical rotation of the natural material and l4Clabelled (j )-ABA, we sho ...
products
... both Plants & Animals do this! • They both have to break down food molecules to use the energy and release H2O & CO2 as by products • Remember the Tree diagram! CO2 came out of the tree’s roots & H2O comes out of the leaves ...
... both Plants & Animals do this! • They both have to break down food molecules to use the energy and release H2O & CO2 as by products • Remember the Tree diagram! CO2 came out of the tree’s roots & H2O comes out of the leaves ...
AP Biology Cell Respiration Quiz Study Guide
... 5. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? 6. From what macromolecules would you obtain the highest amount of ATP? 7. What is chemiosmosis? 8. Which respiratory process generates the most ATP? 9. Why is ATP such a useful energy storage/transfer molecule? 10. How is the e ...
... 5. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? 6. From what macromolecules would you obtain the highest amount of ATP? 7. What is chemiosmosis? 8. Which respiratory process generates the most ATP? 9. Why is ATP such a useful energy storage/transfer molecule? 10. How is the e ...
Flower`n`Fruit
... Methionine: This is an ethylene precursor, which increases the quality and quantity of production. Proline: Its main function is to maintain the plant’s hydrous balance in the cell walls, resisting adverse conditions (drought, salinity, etc.). It increases the percentage of pollen grain germination, ...
... Methionine: This is an ethylene precursor, which increases the quality and quantity of production. Proline: Its main function is to maintain the plant’s hydrous balance in the cell walls, resisting adverse conditions (drought, salinity, etc.). It increases the percentage of pollen grain germination, ...
Degradation of Sphingolipids - Edward Dennis
... Stearic acid (C18) N-acyl chain Trivia: Do you know your blood type? Is it A+? B-? O? The letters refer to the specific multi-sugar structures are attached to gangliosides and proteins on the surface of your red blood cells. ...
... Stearic acid (C18) N-acyl chain Trivia: Do you know your blood type? Is it A+? B-? O? The letters refer to the specific multi-sugar structures are attached to gangliosides and proteins on the surface of your red blood cells. ...
triose phosphate
... series of stages , these can produce a up to 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose • The steps involved in respiration rely on a series of redox reactions • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP ...
... series of stages , these can produce a up to 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose • The steps involved in respiration rely on a series of redox reactions • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP ...