Metabolic modeling of muscle metabolism identifies key reactions
... Objective: Dysregulated muscle metabolism is a cardinal feature of human insulin resistance (IR) and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, specific reactions contributing to abnormal energetics and metabolic inflexibility in IR are unknown. Methods: We utilize flux balance comp ...
... Objective: Dysregulated muscle metabolism is a cardinal feature of human insulin resistance (IR) and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, specific reactions contributing to abnormal energetics and metabolic inflexibility in IR are unknown. Methods: We utilize flux balance comp ...
Must-Knows: Unit 4 (Cellular Respiration) Ms. Ottolini, AP Biology
... matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient from a high concentration in the intermembrane space to a low concentration in the matrix. The only way that it can flow through the inner membrane is by passing through the ATP synthase protein. ...
... matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient from a high concentration in the intermembrane space to a low concentration in the matrix. The only way that it can flow through the inner membrane is by passing through the ATP synthase protein. ...
Chapter 18 Homework Assignment Chapter 18 Amino Acid
... Transport by Glutamine in the Bloodstream • The enzyme glutamine synthetase, which plays a central metabolic role in all organisms, can transfer free ammonia to glutamate, thus producing glutamine • This two-step reaction (another one!) requires an activated phosphorylated intermediate • Glutamine t ...
... Transport by Glutamine in the Bloodstream • The enzyme glutamine synthetase, which plays a central metabolic role in all organisms, can transfer free ammonia to glutamate, thus producing glutamine • This two-step reaction (another one!) requires an activated phosphorylated intermediate • Glutamine t ...
You Light Up My Life
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
Recombinant Human NAD Kinase/NADK|C270|NADK_Human
... www.novoprotein.com E-mail: [email protected] ...
... www.novoprotein.com E-mail: [email protected] ...
study - Cengage
... • Foods provide nutrients—substances that provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues. Essential nutrients must be obtained from foods. • The six classes of nutrients include carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein ...
... • Foods provide nutrients—substances that provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues. Essential nutrients must be obtained from foods. • The six classes of nutrients include carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein ...
Biochemistry for the Radiation Biologist
... Requires a lot of ATP equivalents for energy The cycle involves five enzymes, each of which must contribute to each 2-carbon growth Builds up to C16 or C18; then enzymes release products But until then the reactions are very tightly coupled because the enzymes are grouped together in large (~3 megad ...
... Requires a lot of ATP equivalents for energy The cycle involves five enzymes, each of which must contribute to each 2-carbon growth Builds up to C16 or C18; then enzymes release products But until then the reactions are very tightly coupled because the enzymes are grouped together in large (~3 megad ...
Biology 5.3 Cellular Respiration - Chemistry
... Stage 2: Aerobic respiration occurs: this is when oxygen is present, pyruvate and NADH make more ATP. ...
... Stage 2: Aerobic respiration occurs: this is when oxygen is present, pyruvate and NADH make more ATP. ...
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND FRUCTOSE METABOLISM
... • Glycogen serves as a storage form of carbohydrate • In a well fed individual the concentration per gram tissue is highest in liver but the glycogen in liver can be depleted by a 24 hour fast. • Glycogen is less readily depleted in muscle and there is more total glycogen in muscle than in any other ...
... • Glycogen serves as a storage form of carbohydrate • In a well fed individual the concentration per gram tissue is highest in liver but the glycogen in liver can be depleted by a 24 hour fast. • Glycogen is less readily depleted in muscle and there is more total glycogen in muscle than in any other ...
pancreas
... secretion, which is isotonic and contains Na, K , Cl, and HCO3 This initial secretion is then modified by transport processes in the ductal epithelial cells as follows: The apical membrane of ductal cells contains a Cl –HCO3 exchanger, and the basolateral membrane contains Na –K ATPase and an Na ...
... secretion, which is isotonic and contains Na, K , Cl, and HCO3 This initial secretion is then modified by transport processes in the ductal epithelial cells as follows: The apical membrane of ductal cells contains a Cl –HCO3 exchanger, and the basolateral membrane contains Na –K ATPase and an Na ...
PURIFICATION OF TAP TAGGED YEAST PROTEINS Annika Väntänen
... matrix therefore contains many enzymes involved in the metabolism of pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetyl-CoA and enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle. (Alberts 2002, 771) Mitochondria are able to use both pyruvate and fatty acids as fuel. These molecules are transported through the inner ...
... matrix therefore contains many enzymes involved in the metabolism of pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetyl-CoA and enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle. (Alberts 2002, 771) Mitochondria are able to use both pyruvate and fatty acids as fuel. These molecules are transported through the inner ...
Cell respiration Practice
... to produce ATP. The breakdown of the different molecules produces different amounts of ATP. Carbohydrates, especially the simple sugar glucose, are most commonly broken down to make ATP. The breakdown of a lipid produces many more ATP molecules than does the breakdown of a sugar. Proteins are the mo ...
... to produce ATP. The breakdown of the different molecules produces different amounts of ATP. Carbohydrates, especially the simple sugar glucose, are most commonly broken down to make ATP. The breakdown of a lipid produces many more ATP molecules than does the breakdown of a sugar. Proteins are the mo ...
Chapter 2b
... • Bicarbonate ion (HCO3–) and ammonia (NH3) are important bases in the body because of buffering properties Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Bicarbonate ion (HCO3–) and ammonia (NH3) are important bases in the body because of buffering properties Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
11 Cytochrome P450 and the Metabolism and Bioactivation of
... metabolic cascade, P450 metabolizes only free, nonesterified forms of AA and thus, in vivo metabolism requires the release of the fatty acid from selected glycerophospholipid pools. CYP P450, prostaglandin H2 synthase, and lipoxygenases are capable of metabolizing polyunsaturated fatty acids other t ...
... metabolic cascade, P450 metabolizes only free, nonesterified forms of AA and thus, in vivo metabolism requires the release of the fatty acid from selected glycerophospholipid pools. CYP P450, prostaglandin H2 synthase, and lipoxygenases are capable of metabolizing polyunsaturated fatty acids other t ...
Full-Text PDF
... would have eventually led to the recognition of specific amino acids by RNAs predating the emergence of peptide synthesis [18] and initiating the above-mentioned “stereochemical era” of amino acid-anticodon interactions, which was not immediately related to code evolution. At this stage, (ribo)synth ...
... would have eventually led to the recognition of specific amino acids by RNAs predating the emergence of peptide synthesis [18] and initiating the above-mentioned “stereochemical era” of amino acid-anticodon interactions, which was not immediately related to code evolution. At this stage, (ribo)synth ...
electron transport chain
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
Photosynthesis: CO assimilation and sugar metabolism
... • C4 plants decrease water loss by using a different enzyme (not RUBISCO) for the initial capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. This other enzyme has about a 10-fold higher affinity for CO2 and this means the diffusion gradient for CO2 into the leaf is much greater than cells using only RUBISO. This e ...
... • C4 plants decrease water loss by using a different enzyme (not RUBISCO) for the initial capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. This other enzyme has about a 10-fold higher affinity for CO2 and this means the diffusion gradient for CO2 into the leaf is much greater than cells using only RUBISO. This e ...
Metabolic 2ndary Conditions Washington State Newborn Screening
... coma c fasting • Elevated C6-C12 dicarboxylic acids in urine ...
... coma c fasting • Elevated C6-C12 dicarboxylic acids in urine ...
Insulin-Containing Amino Acids and Oligopeptides/β
... obtained for insulin-containing amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and leucine, as well as for the corresponding residues from A and B chains of human insulin, when the maximum number of cyclodextrin molecules was six (for every insulincontaining chain). Keywords: insulin, amino acids, supramolecu ...
... obtained for insulin-containing amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and leucine, as well as for the corresponding residues from A and B chains of human insulin, when the maximum number of cyclodextrin molecules was six (for every insulincontaining chain). Keywords: insulin, amino acids, supramolecu ...
Chapter 9
... – Have essential roles as enzymes and structural elements • Fats (triglycerides) – preferred for energy storage in adipose tissue • Carbohydrates – Stored as glycogen in liver and muscle cells ...
... – Have essential roles as enzymes and structural elements • Fats (triglycerides) – preferred for energy storage in adipose tissue • Carbohydrates – Stored as glycogen in liver and muscle cells ...
Chapter 5
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Principles of Metabolic Regulation
... Under resting conditions, [ATP] is high and [AMP] low because the total adenine nucleotide pool is constant. [Citrate] and [acetyl-CoA] are intermediate because O2 is not limiting and the citric acid cycle is functioning. Under conditions of active exertion (running), O2 becomes limiting and ATP syn ...
... Under resting conditions, [ATP] is high and [AMP] low because the total adenine nucleotide pool is constant. [Citrate] and [acetyl-CoA] are intermediate because O2 is not limiting and the citric acid cycle is functioning. Under conditions of active exertion (running), O2 becomes limiting and ATP syn ...
