Innate and adaptive immune responses subsequent to
... The TLR family consists of 12 receptors in mice and 10 in humans which are expressed on innate immune cells; TLR and are activated through endogenous ligands (DAMPs) released from necrotic tissue (ATP, heat-shock proteins, high mobility group box – 1 (HMGB-1) or extracellular matrix (Àbrinogen, hyal ...
... The TLR family consists of 12 receptors in mice and 10 in humans which are expressed on innate immune cells; TLR and are activated through endogenous ligands (DAMPs) released from necrotic tissue (ATP, heat-shock proteins, high mobility group box – 1 (HMGB-1) or extracellular matrix (Àbrinogen, hyal ...
Phenotypic Markers Distinguished by Their Cytokine Profiles and T
... Dissecting the mechanisms of T cell-mediated immunity requires the identification of functional characteristics and surface markers that distinguish between activated and memory T lymphocytes. In this study, we compared the rates of cytokine production by virus-specific primary and memory CD81 T cel ...
... Dissecting the mechanisms of T cell-mediated immunity requires the identification of functional characteristics and surface markers that distinguish between activated and memory T lymphocytes. In this study, we compared the rates of cytokine production by virus-specific primary and memory CD81 T cel ...
Listeria Impair Innate Defenses against 1
... host defenses, including LM-induced CD8⫹ T cell expansion, perforin expression, and anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The experimental model of 1-h cold (4°C) restraint (CR) is known to elicit both physical and psychological stress (9, 10 ...
... host defenses, including LM-induced CD8⫹ T cell expansion, perforin expression, and anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The experimental model of 1-h cold (4°C) restraint (CR) is known to elicit both physical and psychological stress (9, 10 ...
Caspase-2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death, Maturation, and
... strong DC maturation and Th1 responses [15]. While heat-killed, c-irradiated, and live rough strain RB51 induced higher levels of DC activation compared to smooth virulent strain S2308, only live RB51-infected DCs induce significant TNF-a and IL-12 secretion [16]. However, whether live RB51-infected ...
... strong DC maturation and Th1 responses [15]. While heat-killed, c-irradiated, and live rough strain RB51 induced higher levels of DC activation compared to smooth virulent strain S2308, only live RB51-infected DCs induce significant TNF-a and IL-12 secretion [16]. However, whether live RB51-infected ...
Naive B cells generate regulatory T cells in the
... B-cell– and DC-primed T cells, cocultures underwent immunomagnetic depletion of non-CD4⫹ cells after 72 hours. Naive T cells were CFSElabeled and cocultured with DCs as described in “Cell preparation.” Varying numbers of B-cell– (TofB) or DC (TofDC)–primed T cells were added to test their inhibitory ...
... B-cell– and DC-primed T cells, cocultures underwent immunomagnetic depletion of non-CD4⫹ cells after 72 hours. Naive T cells were CFSElabeled and cocultured with DCs as described in “Cell preparation.” Varying numbers of B-cell– (TofB) or DC (TofDC)–primed T cells were added to test their inhibitory ...
The Effect of Influenza A Viral Infection on Dendritic Cells` Antigen
... IAV infected DCs is depending on time elapsed since the infection begun. Also to locate the virus particles in DCs infected for 4 hours. Expansion of flu-specific memory T-cells upon co-culture with IAV infected DCs was measured by a flow cytometer. It resulted in the conclusion that the monocyte-de ...
... IAV infected DCs is depending on time elapsed since the infection begun. Also to locate the virus particles in DCs infected for 4 hours. Expansion of flu-specific memory T-cells upon co-culture with IAV infected DCs was measured by a flow cytometer. It resulted in the conclusion that the monocyte-de ...
Dendritic cells in autoimmune diseases Burkhard
... It has been suggested that DCs may also process exogenous self antigens via MHC class I for presentation to CTLs, leading to induction of autoimmune disease via a pathway called cross-presentation [35]. Exogenous loading of MHC class I molecules on DCs can be achieved using soluble [36] or cell-asso ...
... It has been suggested that DCs may also process exogenous self antigens via MHC class I for presentation to CTLs, leading to induction of autoimmune disease via a pathway called cross-presentation [35]. Exogenous loading of MHC class I molecules on DCs can be achieved using soluble [36] or cell-asso ...
Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory
... T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation assays were performed in the presence of both autologous and allogeneic human (Di Nicola et al., 2002), baboon (Bartholomew et al., 2002), and murine (Djouad et al., 2003) MSCs. These studies demonstrated that MSC were capable of suppressing both lymphocyte ...
... T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation assays were performed in the presence of both autologous and allogeneic human (Di Nicola et al., 2002), baboon (Bartholomew et al., 2002), and murine (Djouad et al., 2003) MSCs. These studies demonstrated that MSC were capable of suppressing both lymphocyte ...
Immunity Cells Predominate in Type 1 and Type 2 Single
... how many distinct types of memory T cells exist beyond the IL4/IFN-␥ dichotomy; thus, it remains unclear how precise and versatile these memory cells are in implementing the individual effector functions induced by the individual cytokines. Because of the technical limitations that had made it intra ...
... how many distinct types of memory T cells exist beyond the IL4/IFN-␥ dichotomy; thus, it remains unclear how precise and versatile these memory cells are in implementing the individual effector functions induced by the individual cytokines. Because of the technical limitations that had made it intra ...
LETTERS
... cross-reactive T-cell repertoire. a, Histogram of the frequency with which T cells recognize viral peptides (that is, not seen in the thymus) through only a small number (0, 1, 2, 3) of important contacts is shown for three T-cell repertoires that developed with different numbers of self-peptide–HLA ...
... cross-reactive T-cell repertoire. a, Histogram of the frequency with which T cells recognize viral peptides (that is, not seen in the thymus) through only a small number (0, 1, 2, 3) of important contacts is shown for three T-cell repertoires that developed with different numbers of self-peptide–HLA ...
Pro5® Pentamer Applications
... ProImmune’s Human CD1d tetramer can detect NKT cells from non-human primates R-PE labeled human CD1d tetramers used to stain PBMCs from rhesus macaque monkeys. PBMCs were pre-stimulated with RGI-2001 (liposomal α-GalCer, a ligand for NKT cells) for 3 days. Data shown is gated on live, CD3 positive ...
... ProImmune’s Human CD1d tetramer can detect NKT cells from non-human primates R-PE labeled human CD1d tetramers used to stain PBMCs from rhesus macaque monkeys. PBMCs were pre-stimulated with RGI-2001 (liposomal α-GalCer, a ligand for NKT cells) for 3 days. Data shown is gated on live, CD3 positive ...
The danger model in deciphering autoimmunity
... important in avoiding danger signalling. Several important danger-sensing structures, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9, are active within endocytic compartments and could be triggered by contact with internalized structures like chromatin and certain RNA structures. It is known that genom ...
... important in avoiding danger signalling. Several important danger-sensing structures, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9, are active within endocytic compartments and could be triggered by contact with internalized structures like chromatin and certain RNA structures. It is known that genom ...
Outline/ Active Learning Objectives - Rose
... Macrophages can circulate in lymph vessels (wandering, non-fixed macrophages), or they can reside in connective tissue, lymph nodules, along the digestive tract, in the lungs, in the spleen and other places (mature, fixed macrophages). Fixed macrophages are part of the reticuloendothelial system (RE ...
... Macrophages can circulate in lymph vessels (wandering, non-fixed macrophages), or they can reside in connective tissue, lymph nodules, along the digestive tract, in the lungs, in the spleen and other places (mature, fixed macrophages). Fixed macrophages are part of the reticuloendothelial system (RE ...
Vitamin D status modulates the immune response to Epstein Barr virus
... Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a potent regulator of immune responses. Vitamin D3 receptors are expressed on dendritic cells, monocytes and activated T cells and B cells [17,18], and dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin (IL)2 production and immunoglobulin synthesis [19,20]. Huma ...
... Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a potent regulator of immune responses. Vitamin D3 receptors are expressed on dendritic cells, monocytes and activated T cells and B cells [17,18], and dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin (IL)2 production and immunoglobulin synthesis [19,20]. Huma ...
MHC Molecules
... molecule and it targets the class II molecule to a specialised endosomal compartment (MIIC). Exogenous antigens enter the cell in membrane vesicles, either by fluid phase pincytosis or receptor mediated endocytosis. These vesicles fuse with the MIIC compartment. The MIIC compartment has an acid pH a ...
... molecule and it targets the class II molecule to a specialised endosomal compartment (MIIC). Exogenous antigens enter the cell in membrane vesicles, either by fluid phase pincytosis or receptor mediated endocytosis. These vesicles fuse with the MIIC compartment. The MIIC compartment has an acid pH a ...
Up-regulated interleukin-4 production by peripheral T
... Th1 and Th2 cell proportions and Th1/Th2 ratio in healthy control, MN, MCNS and FSGS Figure 2 shows the results of the intracellular cytokine analysis among the four groups. The proportion of IFN- single positive Th cells (Th1 cells) was not significantly different among groups (Figure 2A), whereas ...
... Th1 and Th2 cell proportions and Th1/Th2 ratio in healthy control, MN, MCNS and FSGS Figure 2 shows the results of the intracellular cytokine analysis among the four groups. The proportion of IFN- single positive Th cells (Th1 cells) was not significantly different among groups (Figure 2A), whereas ...
Chapter Objectives
... The major structures of the lymphatic system are the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, thymus and lymphocytes. This system has its own vessels and fluids but does not have its own cells. Blood cells that are specialized fill this role. The functions of the lympha ...
... The major structures of the lymphatic system are the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, thymus and lymphocytes. This system has its own vessels and fluids but does not have its own cells. Blood cells that are specialized fill this role. The functions of the lympha ...
Human T Cell Memory: A Dynamic View
... subpopulation of long-lived cells with no such marker, although it is possible that the only markers a subpopulation of long-lived cells with no such marker, although it is possible that the only markers are transcriptomic or or epigenetic, epigenetic, rather rather than than phenotypic phenotypic [ ...
... subpopulation of long-lived cells with no such marker, although it is possible that the only markers a subpopulation of long-lived cells with no such marker, although it is possible that the only markers are transcriptomic or or epigenetic, epigenetic, rather rather than than phenotypic phenotypic [ ...
Chapter 10 Lymphatic and Immune Systems Chapter Objectives
... The major structures of the lymphatic system are the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, thymus and lymphocytes. This system has its own vessels and fluids but does not have its own cells. Blood cells that are specialized fill this role. The functions of the lympha ...
... The major structures of the lymphatic system are the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, thymus and lymphocytes. This system has its own vessels and fluids but does not have its own cells. Blood cells that are specialized fill this role. The functions of the lympha ...
Innate lymphoid cells - Utrecht University Repository
... Parasites and allergens often enter the body via the lung, skin or intestines, where epithelial cells are the first cell type that is encountered. Epithelial cells are able to get activated upon parasite products and allergens, leading to production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25, IL- ...
... Parasites and allergens often enter the body via the lung, skin or intestines, where epithelial cells are the first cell type that is encountered. Epithelial cells are able to get activated upon parasite products and allergens, leading to production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25, IL- ...
Th1 and Th17 Cells Regulate Innate Immune Responses and
... direct mutational pressures on bacteria and decreasing the likelihood of developing resistant strains. Previous studies from our laboratory and other investigators established the genesis of a rapid innate immune response during CNS abscess formation (8–11). For example, microglial and astrocyte act ...
... direct mutational pressures on bacteria and decreasing the likelihood of developing resistant strains. Previous studies from our laboratory and other investigators established the genesis of a rapid innate immune response during CNS abscess formation (8–11). For example, microglial and astrocyte act ...
IL-4 is the signature Th2 effector cytokine
... September 24, 2004 Chris Schindler [email protected] ...
... September 24, 2004 Chris Schindler [email protected] ...
Diefenbach, A., E.R. Jensen, A.M. Jamieson, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Rae1 and H60 ligands of the NKG2D receptor stimulate tumour immunity. Nature 413:165-171.
... Natural killer (NK) cells attack many tumour cell lines, and are thought to have a critical role in anti-tumour immunity1±7; however, the interaction between NK cells and tumour targets is poorly understood. The stimulatory lectin-like NKG2D receptor8±13 is expressed by NK cells, activated CD8+ T ce ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells attack many tumour cell lines, and are thought to have a critical role in anti-tumour immunity1±7; however, the interaction between NK cells and tumour targets is poorly understood. The stimulatory lectin-like NKG2D receptor8±13 is expressed by NK cells, activated CD8+ T ce ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.