Diefenbach, A., E.R. Jensen, A.M. Jamieson, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Rae1 and H60 ligands of the NKG2D receptor stimulate tumour immunity. Nature 413:165-171.
... Natural killer (NK) cells attack many tumour cell lines, and are thought to have a critical role in anti-tumour immunity1±7; however, the interaction between NK cells and tumour targets is poorly understood. The stimulatory lectin-like NKG2D receptor8±13 is expressed by NK cells, activated CD8+ T ce ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells attack many tumour cell lines, and are thought to have a critical role in anti-tumour immunity1±7; however, the interaction between NK cells and tumour targets is poorly understood. The stimulatory lectin-like NKG2D receptor8±13 is expressed by NK cells, activated CD8+ T ce ...
Chapter 13 - Faculty Web Sites
... Antibody-mediated immune responses Defend against antigens that are free in body fluids, including toxins or extracellular pathogens Effector B cells (plasma cells) use antibodies (Y-shaped proteins) to neutralize the antigen ...
... Antibody-mediated immune responses Defend against antigens that are free in body fluids, including toxins or extracellular pathogens Effector B cells (plasma cells) use antibodies (Y-shaped proteins) to neutralize the antigen ...
Human Leukocyte Antigen-Class II-Positive
... Purpose. To achieve a better understanding of the mechanism of corneal immune diseases, including corneal allograft rejection, the authors examined the potential of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells to activate allogeneic T lymphocytes. Methods. The mixed lymphocyte-HCE cell reaction (MLCER) was ...
... Purpose. To achieve a better understanding of the mechanism of corneal immune diseases, including corneal allograft rejection, the authors examined the potential of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells to activate allogeneic T lymphocytes. Methods. The mixed lymphocyte-HCE cell reaction (MLCER) was ...
HN proteins of human parainfluenza type 4A virus expressed in cell
... Effects of formaldehyde treatment on the biological activities of HPIV-4A-#fected P M K cells PMK cells were grown to monolayers in 12-well plates for 2 days; the monolayers were infected with HPIV-4A at an m.o.i, of 1 and incubated for a further 2 days. The virus-infected cells (HPIV-4A-PMK cells) ...
... Effects of formaldehyde treatment on the biological activities of HPIV-4A-#fected P M K cells PMK cells were grown to monolayers in 12-well plates for 2 days; the monolayers were infected with HPIV-4A at an m.o.i, of 1 and incubated for a further 2 days. The virus-infected cells (HPIV-4A-PMK cells) ...
Intestinal Microflora and Homeostasis of the Mucosal
... et al., 1993). There is recent experimental evidence in mice suggesting that most of the intestinal IgA against indigenous bacteria is specifically induced in response to their presence, and that its production is independent of T-cell and germinal centre participation (Macpherson et al., 2000). Thi ...
... et al., 1993). There is recent experimental evidence in mice suggesting that most of the intestinal IgA against indigenous bacteria is specifically induced in response to their presence, and that its production is independent of T-cell and germinal centre participation (Macpherson et al., 2000). Thi ...
File 12_01blecturenotes
... Adaptive Defense System: Third Line of Defense Allergies Many small molecules (called haptens or incomplete antigens) are not antigenic, but link up with our own proteins The immune system may recognize and respond to a protein-hapten combination ...
... Adaptive Defense System: Third Line of Defense Allergies Many small molecules (called haptens or incomplete antigens) are not antigenic, but link up with our own proteins The immune system may recognize and respond to a protein-hapten combination ...
EBV, the Human Host, and the 7TM Receptors
... So, how can a growth-promoting virus end up in a quiescent state in resting memory B cells? The difference between these two outcomes of infection is the expression pattern of latent viral genes. Although the viral genome encodes nearly 100 protein-coding genes, only a small subset is expressed duri ...
... So, how can a growth-promoting virus end up in a quiescent state in resting memory B cells? The difference between these two outcomes of infection is the expression pattern of latent viral genes. Although the viral genome encodes nearly 100 protein-coding genes, only a small subset is expressed duri ...
Human Lymphatic Filariasis Cells Is Associated with Clinical
... coexpressing IL-17 (8); however, IL-9–producing CD4+ T cells distinct from Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells have also been described recently (9, 10). In humans, Th9 cells are thought to play an important role in allergy (11), atopy (12), asthma (11), autoimmunity (13), and antitumor immunity (14). Although ...
... coexpressing IL-17 (8); however, IL-9–producing CD4+ T cells distinct from Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells have also been described recently (9, 10). In humans, Th9 cells are thought to play an important role in allergy (11), atopy (12), asthma (11), autoimmunity (13), and antitumor immunity (14). Although ...
Antitumor Immunity and Dietary Compounds
... spontaneous immune responses to their tumors [5] (e.g., Her-2neu breast cancer [6]) provide correlative evidence supporting the existence of cancer immunosurveillance in humans. One of the most important aspects of tumor immunotherapy and the generation of an effective antitumor response is the requ ...
... spontaneous immune responses to their tumors [5] (e.g., Her-2neu breast cancer [6]) provide correlative evidence supporting the existence of cancer immunosurveillance in humans. One of the most important aspects of tumor immunotherapy and the generation of an effective antitumor response is the requ ...
Distinct Pathways of Hepatitis C Virus Uptake and - HAL
... not directly targeted by viruses, or when an infecting virus compromises DC function. Two ...
... not directly targeted by viruses, or when an infecting virus compromises DC function. Two ...
Vaccination in autoimmune diseases
... delicate balance between activation and regulation of our immune system [20]. This hypothesis states that the maturation of our immune system is influenced by infections. In order to function correctly, the immune system must learn from the environment. Control mechanisms of the immune system can be ...
... delicate balance between activation and regulation of our immune system [20]. This hypothesis states that the maturation of our immune system is influenced by infections. In order to function correctly, the immune system must learn from the environment. Control mechanisms of the immune system can be ...
Immune system fighting malignancy
... the preparation of CAR T cells for clinical application is quite complex and comprises numerous handling steps, including i) enrichment of the T cells, ii) T cell activation, iii) transduction, iv) expansion, and finally v) cell formulation (fig. 1). In the context of a small-scale clinical trial, a ...
... the preparation of CAR T cells for clinical application is quite complex and comprises numerous handling steps, including i) enrichment of the T cells, ii) T cell activation, iii) transduction, iv) expansion, and finally v) cell formulation (fig. 1). In the context of a small-scale clinical trial, a ...
Type 1 regulatory T cells: a new mechanism of peripheral
... pTreg cells.45,46–48 However, the transcription factor of Tr1 cell has not been determined. Finally, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seem to show more effective inflammation control by tTreg than Tr1 cells.49 Thus, different types of Treg may have specific roles in distinct disease ...
... pTreg cells.45,46–48 However, the transcription factor of Tr1 cell has not been determined. Finally, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seem to show more effective inflammation control by tTreg than Tr1 cells.49 Thus, different types of Treg may have specific roles in distinct disease ...
Immunology and Blood Groups
... Once the Th and Tc cells are activated, they divide many times, where some of the cells become effector T cells, and others as memory cells, where they migrate to the lymph nodes to be activated quickly upon a second invasion. ...
... Once the Th and Tc cells are activated, they divide many times, where some of the cells become effector T cells, and others as memory cells, where they migrate to the lymph nodes to be activated quickly upon a second invasion. ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... epitopes are dependent on the tertiary structure of allergen proteins, changing the tertiary structure through allergen modification, such as in peptide allergens, diminishes the binding strength of IgE to the allergen and may weaken the allergic reaction [11]. T-cell epitopes, however, were not imp ...
... epitopes are dependent on the tertiary structure of allergen proteins, changing the tertiary structure through allergen modification, such as in peptide allergens, diminishes the binding strength of IgE to the allergen and may weaken the allergic reaction [11]. T-cell epitopes, however, were not imp ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... The T-cell has a molecule on its surface called the T-cell receptor. This receptor interacts with MHC (major histocompatibility complex). MHC molecules are on the surfaces of most other cells of the body and help Tcells recognise antigen fragments. Cells that signal the T-cells are called antigen-pr ...
... The T-cell has a molecule on its surface called the T-cell receptor. This receptor interacts with MHC (major histocompatibility complex). MHC molecules are on the surfaces of most other cells of the body and help Tcells recognise antigen fragments. Cells that signal the T-cells are called antigen-pr ...
Immune privilege induced by regulatory T cells in transplantation
... clones were already available (52). The resulting A1(M).CBA TCR transgenic mouse behaved appropriately, in that only female mice showed a strong positive selection toward CD4þ T cells with reactivity to the male DBY antigen presented by H-2Ek (53). At the time, it was a surprise that such female mic ...
... clones were already available (52). The resulting A1(M).CBA TCR transgenic mouse behaved appropriately, in that only female mice showed a strong positive selection toward CD4þ T cells with reactivity to the male DBY antigen presented by H-2Ek (53). At the time, it was a surprise that such female mic ...
Lymphatics and Immunity
... Each lymph node is divided into two general regions, the capsule and the cortex. The capsule is an outer layer of connective tissue. Underlying the capsule is the cortex, a region containing mostly inactivated B and T lymphocytes plus numerous accessory cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. ...
... Each lymph node is divided into two general regions, the capsule and the cortex. The capsule is an outer layer of connective tissue. Underlying the capsule is the cortex, a region containing mostly inactivated B and T lymphocytes plus numerous accessory cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. ...
Cells Inhibits NK Cell Antitumor Activity GITR Ligand Provided by
... concomitant depletion of platelets and NK cells reverts the antimetastatic phenotype of thrombocytopenic mice (11–16). It has thus been proposed that platelets may protect tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity during their passage from the primary tumor to a metastatic site. NK cells are ...
... concomitant depletion of platelets and NK cells reverts the antimetastatic phenotype of thrombocytopenic mice (11–16). It has thus been proposed that platelets may protect tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity during their passage from the primary tumor to a metastatic site. NK cells are ...
Insights into Seven and Single Transmembrane
... secretes cytokines with low intensity, and is highly cytolytic. For any cell type, including NK cells, to perform their biological activities, they must activate various intracellular signaling molecules. These molecules are transduced through the activation of either seven transmembrane (7TM)-spann ...
... secretes cytokines with low intensity, and is highly cytolytic. For any cell type, including NK cells, to perform their biological activities, they must activate various intracellular signaling molecules. These molecules are transduced through the activation of either seven transmembrane (7TM)-spann ...
Low natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in autism
... and Caligiuri, 2006). NK cells represent a unique subset of lymphocytes, distinct from T and B cells, that contribute to host anti-microbial and anti-tumor defense reactions (Biron et al., 1999; Wu and Lanier, 2001; Mueller et al., 2008). In humans, NK cells are broadly defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocyt ...
... and Caligiuri, 2006). NK cells represent a unique subset of lymphocytes, distinct from T and B cells, that contribute to host anti-microbial and anti-tumor defense reactions (Biron et al., 1999; Wu and Lanier, 2001; Mueller et al., 2008). In humans, NK cells are broadly defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocyt ...
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide 27
... cycle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle relaxation, bone metabolism, and endocrine/paracrine function (2). In addition, during recent years, the effects of PACAPs on the immune system have been partially elucidated. In this context, PACAPs both suppress and activate inflammation by regulating the in ...
... cycle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle relaxation, bone metabolism, and endocrine/paracrine function (2). In addition, during recent years, the effects of PACAPs on the immune system have been partially elucidated. In this context, PACAPs both suppress and activate inflammation by regulating the in ...
Understanding the Immune System in Myeloma
... Working both at the state and federal level, the IMF leads two coalitions to advocate for parity in insurance coverage. Thousands of IMF-trained advocates make a positive impact each year on issues critical to the myeloma community. ...
... Working both at the state and federal level, the IMF leads two coalitions to advocate for parity in insurance coverage. Thousands of IMF-trained advocates make a positive impact each year on issues critical to the myeloma community. ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.