LEARNING OBJECTIVES Genesis and General Characteristics of
... Histamine – inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs (antihistamines counter this effect) ...
... Histamine – inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs (antihistamines counter this effect) ...
Immune System Practice Questions
... A) normally harmless cat antigens stimulated the A) donated organ might attack the body immune system B) donated organ might attack the immune system B) it is difficult for the respiratory system to filter cat antigens out of the inhaled air C) immune system might attack its own body cells C) cat an ...
... A) normally harmless cat antigens stimulated the A) donated organ might attack the body immune system B) donated organ might attack the immune system B) it is difficult for the respiratory system to filter cat antigens out of the inhaled air C) immune system might attack its own body cells C) cat an ...
Policosanol Cholesterol Complex
... and peas, and healthy fats such as olive oil in limited amounts. Avoid sugar, which has been reported to reduce protective HDL cholesterol. • Exercise Regularly: Exercise may increase HDL (good) cholesterol and lower blood triglycerides by decreasing ...
... and peas, and healthy fats such as olive oil in limited amounts. Avoid sugar, which has been reported to reduce protective HDL cholesterol. • Exercise Regularly: Exercise may increase HDL (good) cholesterol and lower blood triglycerides by decreasing ...
Biol. 2402 CardioVascular System Blood II
... • Account for 25% or more of WBCs and: – Have large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm – Are found mostly enmeshed in lymphoid tissue (some circulate in the blood) • There are two types of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells – T cells function in the immune response – B cel ...
... • Account for 25% or more of WBCs and: – Have large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm – Are found mostly enmeshed in lymphoid tissue (some circulate in the blood) • There are two types of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells – T cells function in the immune response – B cel ...
Key Questions for Understanding the Blood
... 1. Platelet plug forms: platelets stick to broken blood vessels 2. Vascular spasms occur: spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss 3. Coagulation occurs: enzymes are released to activate clotting ...
... 1. Platelet plug forms: platelets stick to broken blood vessels 2. Vascular spasms occur: spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss 3. Coagulation occurs: enzymes are released to activate clotting ...
Start letter here - Shellfish Association of Great Britain
... An SAGB facilitated ‘cross-over’ trial at the University of Surrey has shown that people who ate 225g of prawns per day showed no significant effects on their blood cholesterol level. The research effectively ‘myth-busted’ the old-wives tale that eating prawns can raise your cholesterol. The researc ...
... An SAGB facilitated ‘cross-over’ trial at the University of Surrey has shown that people who ate 225g of prawns per day showed no significant effects on their blood cholesterol level. The research effectively ‘myth-busted’ the old-wives tale that eating prawns can raise your cholesterol. The researc ...
Innate immunity/ cont…II.Second line: 2.Phagocytosis:
... immune system. They express a wide range of surface receptors that allow them to identify microorganisms. Also, phagocytosis can be enhanced by antibodies, complement and acute phase proteins (all called opsonins and act as a bridge between the antigens and phagocytic cells). They are of TWO types: ...
... immune system. They express a wide range of surface receptors that allow them to identify microorganisms. Also, phagocytosis can be enhanced by antibodies, complement and acute phase proteins (all called opsonins and act as a bridge between the antigens and phagocytic cells). They are of TWO types: ...
Cardiac Diseases and the role of nutrition
... disease and increased plasma levels of antioxidants. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables appear to decrease the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and decrease arterial plaque formation. Physicians should encourage patients to eat at least five to seven servings of vegetables and fruits daily. Monou ...
... disease and increased plasma levels of antioxidants. The antioxidants in fruits and vegetables appear to decrease the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and decrease arterial plaque formation. Physicians should encourage patients to eat at least five to seven servings of vegetables and fruits daily. Monou ...
Body system
... Runs the body; made up of white matter & grey matter & 3 kinds of nerves, covered by three membranes Runs down the vertebral column through openings in each vertebrae, carries nerve tracts for both incoming & out going nerves Receive info from internal & external environment & carry it to the spinal ...
... Runs the body; made up of white matter & grey matter & 3 kinds of nerves, covered by three membranes Runs down the vertebral column through openings in each vertebrae, carries nerve tracts for both incoming & out going nerves Receive info from internal & external environment & carry it to the spinal ...
Body system Chart Answers
... Heavy layers of bone that cover spongy bone & make up the middle of the long bones; give strength to the bone; contains yellow marrow Channels through compact bone that carry blood vessels & nerves to feed, clean, and give sensation to bones & bone cells Lies at ends of long bones & in cuboidal & fl ...
... Heavy layers of bone that cover spongy bone & make up the middle of the long bones; give strength to the bone; contains yellow marrow Channels through compact bone that carry blood vessels & nerves to feed, clean, and give sensation to bones & bone cells Lies at ends of long bones & in cuboidal & fl ...
Inflammation/Fever
... Response at site of injury: blood vessels briefly constrict, then dilate Edema: due to increased pressure in vessels blood vessels become permeable plasma forced into tissues = transudate Exudates - small proteins and cells ...
... Response at site of injury: blood vessels briefly constrict, then dilate Edema: due to increased pressure in vessels blood vessels become permeable plasma forced into tissues = transudate Exudates - small proteins and cells ...
Women`s Health
... How Does Cholesterol Cause Problems? • If too much LDL-cholesterol is in the blood, it can slowly build up on the inner walls of the blood vessels. • It can clog an artery like grease clogs your kitchen sink drain. • If the clogged artery happens to be in your heart, it can lead to a heart attack. ...
... How Does Cholesterol Cause Problems? • If too much LDL-cholesterol is in the blood, it can slowly build up on the inner walls of the blood vessels. • It can clog an artery like grease clogs your kitchen sink drain. • If the clogged artery happens to be in your heart, it can lead to a heart attack. ...
Facts About The 6 Nutrients
... lower cholesterol levels Monounsaturated- fatty acids that appear to lower LDL cholesterol levels and may also help raise HDL levels ...
... lower cholesterol levels Monounsaturated- fatty acids that appear to lower LDL cholesterol levels and may also help raise HDL levels ...
Arterial Ulcerations due to Peripheral Vascular Disease
... Complete History and Physical- claudication?, Rest pain, ...
... Complete History and Physical- claudication?, Rest pain, ...
INFLAMMATION
... PMN or WBCs migration from vessels lumen into area of tissue damage, this process called" Emigration of WBC’s" ...
... PMN or WBCs migration from vessels lumen into area of tissue damage, this process called" Emigration of WBC’s" ...
Normal Blood Cell Morphology PowerPoint
... — Primary cells of the immune system — Fights disease and foreign invaders ...
... — Primary cells of the immune system — Fights disease and foreign invaders ...
Altered Hematologic Function
... Thrombocythemia • This is an increased number of platelets. • If the platelet count rises high enough ( over 1 million/mm3), can get intravascular clot formation or hemorrhage. • Can be primary thrombocytothemia – cause unknown, or • Secondary thrombocytothemia – occurs after splenectomy when plate ...
... Thrombocythemia • This is an increased number of platelets. • If the platelet count rises high enough ( over 1 million/mm3), can get intravascular clot formation or hemorrhage. • Can be primary thrombocytothemia – cause unknown, or • Secondary thrombocytothemia – occurs after splenectomy when plate ...
All About Fat and Cholesterol
... this has a variety of biochemical implications. When this happens, cholesterol from the blood is "driven" into the tissues to give them structural integrity. This is why serum cholesterol levels may go down temporarily when we replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated oils in the diet. It acts as ...
... this has a variety of biochemical implications. When this happens, cholesterol from the blood is "driven" into the tissues to give them structural integrity. This is why serum cholesterol levels may go down temporarily when we replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated oils in the diet. It acts as ...
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
... Trapped in spleen and destroyed by macrophages Globin is recycled into amino acids Iron is used to make new RBC’s Rest of heme group converted to bilirubin Bilirubin appears in urine and feces ...
... Trapped in spleen and destroyed by macrophages Globin is recycled into amino acids Iron is used to make new RBC’s Rest of heme group converted to bilirubin Bilirubin appears in urine and feces ...
Immunology
... of virus, it can more easily make antibiotics (2) the body can digest the weakened microbes and use them as food (3) the body will be able to fight invasions by the same type of microbe in the future (4) the more the immune system is challenged, the better it performs 10. Certain microbes, foreign t ...
... of virus, it can more easily make antibiotics (2) the body can digest the weakened microbes and use them as food (3) the body will be able to fight invasions by the same type of microbe in the future (4) the more the immune system is challenged, the better it performs 10. Certain microbes, foreign t ...
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
... Occurs when mother is Rh- and father is Rh+ and those factors contribute to the allele of the fetus This combination results in an immunological incompatibility of the mother and the fetus ...
... Occurs when mother is Rh- and father is Rh+ and those factors contribute to the allele of the fetus This combination results in an immunological incompatibility of the mother and the fetus ...
Immunity
... Neutrophils are not only phagocytes but also granulocytes: they contain granules filled with potent chemicals. These chemicals, in addition to destroying microorganisms, play a key role in acute inflammatory reactions. Other types of granulocytes are eosinophils and basophils. Mast cells are granule ...
... Neutrophils are not only phagocytes but also granulocytes: they contain granules filled with potent chemicals. These chemicals, in addition to destroying microorganisms, play a key role in acute inflammatory reactions. Other types of granulocytes are eosinophils and basophils. Mast cells are granule ...
Cholesterol and Heart Disease
... and forms a hard substance known as plaque. This plaque formation over time can build (called atherosclerosis), dislodge and cause a stroke. ...
... and forms a hard substance known as plaque. This plaque formation over time can build (called atherosclerosis), dislodge and cause a stroke. ...
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or ASVD) is a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which an artery wall thickens as a result of invasion and accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) (foam cell) and proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cell creating a fibrofatty plaque.The accumulation of the WBCs is termed ""fatty streaks"" early on because of the appearance being similar to that of marbled steak. These accumulations contain both living, active WBCs (producing inflammation) and remnants of dead cells, including cholesterol and triglycerides. The remnants eventually include calcium and other crystallized materials within the outermost and oldest plaque. The ""fatty streaks"" reduce the elasticity of the artery walls. However, they do not affect blood flow for decades because the artery muscular wall enlarges at the locations of plaque. The wall stiffening may eventually increase pulse pressure; widened pulse pressure is one possible result of advanced disease within the major arteries.Atherosclerosis is therefore a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels due to a chronic inflammatory response of WBCs in the walls of arteries. This is promoted by low-density lipoproteins (LDL, plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides) without adequate removal of fats and cholesterol from the macrophages by functional high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It is commonly referred to as a ""hardening"" or furring of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple atheromatous plaques within the arteries.The plaque is divided into three distinct components: The atheroma (""lump of gruel"", from Greek ἀθήρα (athera), meaning ""gruel""), which is the nodular accumulation of a soft, flaky, yellowish material at the center of large plaques, composed of macrophages nearest the lumen of the artery Underlying areas of cholesterol crystals Calcification at the outer base of older or more advanced lesions.Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that remains asymptomatic for decades. Atherosclerotic lesions, or atherosclerotic plaques, are separated into two broad categories: Stable and unstable (also called vulnerable). The pathobiology of atherosclerotic lesions is very complicated, but generally, stable atherosclerotic plaques, which tend to be asymptomatic, are rich in extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, unstable plaques are rich in macrophages and foam cells, and the extracellular matrix separating the lesion from the arterial lumen (also known as the fibrous cap) is usually weak and prone to rupture. Ruptures of the fibrous cap expose thrombogenic material, such as collagen, to the circulation and eventually induce thrombus formation in the lumen. Upon formation, intraluminal thrombi can occlude arteries outright (e.g., coronary occlusion), but more often they detach, move into the circulation, and eventually occlude smaller downstream branches causing thromboembolism. Apart from thromboembolism, chronically expanding atherosclerotic lesions can cause complete closure of the lumen. Chronically expanding lesions are often asymptomatic until lumen stenosis is so severe (usually over 80%) that blood supply to downstream tissue(s) is insufficient, resulting in ischemia.These complications of advanced atherosclerosis are chronic, slowly progressive and cumulative. Most commonly, soft plaque suddenly ruptures (see vulnerable plaque), causing the formation of a thrombus that will rapidly slow or stop blood flow, leading to death of the tissues fed by the artery in approximately five minutes. This catastrophic event is called an infarction. One of the most common recognized scenarios is called coronary thrombosis of a coronary artery, causing myocardial infarction (a heart attack). The same process in an artery to the brain is commonly called stroke. Another common scenario in very advanced disease is claudication from insufficient blood supply to the legs. Atherosclerosis affects the entire artery tree, but mostly larger, high-pressure vessels such as the coronary, renal, femoral, cerebral, and carotid arteries. These are termed ""clinically silent"" because the person having the infarction does not notice the problem and does not seek medical help, or when they do, physicians do not recognize what has happened.