Sniðmát meistaraverkefnis HÍ
... When an APC has engulfed a pathogen in an infected tissue it travels to the draining lymph node and presents the antigen of the pathogen to naïve T-cells. So when an APC has found a lymphocyte in the draining lymph node that has a receptor that can bind to that particular antigen it activates the ly ...
... When an APC has engulfed a pathogen in an infected tissue it travels to the draining lymph node and presents the antigen of the pathogen to naïve T-cells. So when an APC has found a lymphocyte in the draining lymph node that has a receptor that can bind to that particular antigen it activates the ly ...
Basophils and Mast Cells
... Three groups have succeeded in producing mouse knockouts of certain mast cell–associated mediators. Wastling et al. [40••] produced mice that lack expression of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). These mice exhibited striking histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities in the cytoplasmic granu ...
... Three groups have succeeded in producing mouse knockouts of certain mast cell–associated mediators. Wastling et al. [40••] produced mice that lack expression of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). These mice exhibited striking histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities in the cytoplasmic granu ...
... there will be a more detailed description about monocytes and their cross talk with natural killer (NK) cells in a separate chapter. NKT cells will not be brought up in this thesis. Innate cells Monocytes and macrophages Monocytes and macrophages are vital for the regulation of immune responses and ...
Local immune regulation in human pregnancy Charlotte Gustafsson
... During pregnancy, the woman carries a fetus partly foreign to her immune system, because of the expression of paternal antigens. Despite this, the fetus is normally tolerated and not rejected, as is often the case with organs in allogeneic transplantations. Systemic changes in maternal blood occur d ...
... During pregnancy, the woman carries a fetus partly foreign to her immune system, because of the expression of paternal antigens. Despite this, the fetus is normally tolerated and not rejected, as is often the case with organs in allogeneic transplantations. Systemic changes in maternal blood occur d ...
Myeloblastin is an Myb target gene: mechanisms of regulation in
... differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells both in vitro and in vivo.1-5 However, little is known about those myeloid genes that respond to RA and are involved in growth control. Myeloblastin (MBN)6 is a serine protease with a broad spectrum of proteolytic activity. Inside myeloblastic cells, a main ...
... differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells both in vitro and in vivo.1-5 However, little is known about those myeloid genes that respond to RA and are involved in growth control. Myeloblastin (MBN)6 is a serine protease with a broad spectrum of proteolytic activity. Inside myeloblastic cells, a main ...
Primary Familial Polycythemia: A Frameshift Mutation in
... factors extrinsic to erythroid progenitor cells such as increased levels of erythropoietin (EPO).”3 In primary polycythemias, the altered regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells results in an autonomous or enhanced response of erythroid progenitors to normal growth factors mediating cellular pr ...
... factors extrinsic to erythroid progenitor cells such as increased levels of erythropoietin (EPO).”3 In primary polycythemias, the altered regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells results in an autonomous or enhanced response of erythroid progenitors to normal growth factors mediating cellular pr ...
Antiviral Protection Cell Cross-Presentation, CTL Responses, and
... DC subsets (33, 37), the relative levels of TLR3 protein have not been analyzed at the single-cell level. Therefore, we examined TLR3 protein expression in lymphocytes, macrophages, and DC subsets by intracellular FACS staining using a novel anti-mTLR3 mAb. We found that splenic T and NK cells expre ...
... DC subsets (33, 37), the relative levels of TLR3 protein have not been analyzed at the single-cell level. Therefore, we examined TLR3 protein expression in lymphocytes, macrophages, and DC subsets by intracellular FACS staining using a novel anti-mTLR3 mAb. We found that splenic T and NK cells expre ...
Raulet, D.H. 2003. Roles of the NKG2D immunoreceptor and its ligands. Nat Rev Immunol 3:781-790.
... to be learned about the patterns of expression of the different ligands, a theme is that their expression by normal cells in adults is generally absent or present at low levels, but in pathological conditions their expression is often upregulated. This theme is most clearly exemplified by MICA or MI ...
... to be learned about the patterns of expression of the different ligands, a theme is that their expression by normal cells in adults is generally absent or present at low levels, but in pathological conditions their expression is often upregulated. This theme is most clearly exemplified by MICA or MI ...
Brain during Systemic Infection of Mice into the Listeria
... are generically referred to as monocytes. However, blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, and the exact identity of the leukocyte(s) relevant for microbial spreading is not known. Experiments reported in this study used Listeria monocytogenesinfected mice to establish the phenotype of paras ...
... are generically referred to as monocytes. However, blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, and the exact identity of the leukocyte(s) relevant for microbial spreading is not known. Experiments reported in this study used Listeria monocytogenesinfected mice to establish the phenotype of paras ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
... Dendritic cells are professional APCs that initiate innate and adaptive immune responses, in particular play an important role in the regulation of T cell activation and proliferation [18]. Dendritic cells also play a role in inducing immune tolerance both central and peripheral [19]. The ability of ...
... Dendritic cells are professional APCs that initiate innate and adaptive immune responses, in particular play an important role in the regulation of T cell activation and proliferation [18]. Dendritic cells also play a role in inducing immune tolerance both central and peripheral [19]. The ability of ...
The role of senescent cells in ageing
... (V600E) is also DDR-independent and induces senescence through a metabolic mechanism involving upregulation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH; Fig. 1)23. Several other studies underscored that senescence is closely linked to profound metabolic changes24,25. Furthermore, various tumour sup ...
... (V600E) is also DDR-independent and induces senescence through a metabolic mechanism involving upregulation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH; Fig. 1)23. Several other studies underscored that senescence is closely linked to profound metabolic changes24,25. Furthermore, various tumour sup ...
NIH Public Access
... Under normal gestational conditions (e.g., full-term gestation and vaginal delivery), the newborn infant leaves a germ-free intrauterine environment to enter a highly contaminated external world. During sequential periods within the first year of life, the infant colonizes its intestine with approxi ...
... Under normal gestational conditions (e.g., full-term gestation and vaginal delivery), the newborn infant leaves a germ-free intrauterine environment to enter a highly contaminated external world. During sequential periods within the first year of life, the infant colonizes its intestine with approxi ...
Immunology for physicists - Laboratoire de Physique Statistique
... decomposed into sensory and motor parts. An analogous separation into recognition and ‘‘effector’’ functions is made in immunology. The human immune system is controlled by the action of tens or possibly hundreds of types of regulatory and effector molecules. All the molecules that are important in ...
... decomposed into sensory and motor parts. An analogous separation into recognition and ‘‘effector’’ functions is made in immunology. The human immune system is controlled by the action of tens or possibly hundreds of types of regulatory and effector molecules. All the molecules that are important in ...
MM-BMSCs induce naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes
... pancreatic cancer [14]. Recently, Kraman et al. reported that FAPα-expressing cells were involved in tumor immunosuppression [15]. FAPα-positive cells in tumor microenvironment can produce high levels of inhibitory factors such as TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 [16]. The depletion of FAPα-positive cells in ...
... pancreatic cancer [14]. Recently, Kraman et al. reported that FAPα-expressing cells were involved in tumor immunosuppression [15]. FAPα-positive cells in tumor microenvironment can produce high levels of inhibitory factors such as TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 [16]. The depletion of FAPα-positive cells in ...
High Temperature Affects Cytokine Release by Human Peripheral
... inflammation others than those caused by pathogens. Compared to controls, stimulated and non-stimulated PBMC from patients with familial Mediterranean fever showed increased secretion of IL-6 and TNFα during crisis, whereas that of IL-1β and IL-1α was increased only by LPS stimulated cells. Non-sti ...
... inflammation others than those caused by pathogens. Compared to controls, stimulated and non-stimulated PBMC from patients with familial Mediterranean fever showed increased secretion of IL-6 and TNFα during crisis, whereas that of IL-1β and IL-1α was increased only by LPS stimulated cells. Non-sti ...
Type I interferons produced by hematopoietic cells protect
... Production of type I IFNs is dependent on an autocrine feedback mechanism involving signaling via the common type I IFN receptor that consists of the IFNαR1 and IFNαR2 chains (7). Signaling through this receptor induces the transcription of a broad array of type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (7), su ...
... Production of type I IFNs is dependent on an autocrine feedback mechanism involving signaling via the common type I IFN receptor that consists of the IFNαR1 and IFNαR2 chains (7). Signaling through this receptor induces the transcription of a broad array of type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (7), su ...
A Novel Size-Based Sorting Mechanism of Pinocytic Luminal
... shown that microglia continually survey the CNS microenvironment and scavenge cell debris and aberrant proteins by phagocytosis and pinocytosis, and that reactive microglia are capable to present antigens to T cells and initiate immune responses. However, how microglia process the endocytosed conten ...
... shown that microglia continually survey the CNS microenvironment and scavenge cell debris and aberrant proteins by phagocytosis and pinocytosis, and that reactive microglia are capable to present antigens to T cells and initiate immune responses. However, how microglia process the endocytosed conten ...
T Lymphocyte Responses + Despite Augmenting Antigen
... pathogen-associated molecular patterns (3– 6). Mature DCs upregulate MHC and costimulatory molecules and migrate from tissues to regional lymph nodes, where they efficiently present captured Ags to naive T cells. However, DCs represent a small population of cells in vivo (7), and thus may be a limit ...
... pathogen-associated molecular patterns (3– 6). Mature DCs upregulate MHC and costimulatory molecules and migrate from tissues to regional lymph nodes, where they efficiently present captured Ags to naive T cells. However, DCs represent a small population of cells in vivo (7), and thus may be a limit ...
Controlling a Chronic Viral Infection and Nucleic Acid
... during the control of chronic viral infections and how innate immune activation may influence pathogenesis. The innate immune system senses virus infection primarily, but not exclusively, through the recognition of viral nucleic acid. The main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing of vir ...
... during the control of chronic viral infections and how innate immune activation may influence pathogenesis. The innate immune system senses virus infection primarily, but not exclusively, through the recognition of viral nucleic acid. The main pattern recognition receptors involved in sensing of vir ...
The Opening Act - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
... are epithelial in origin, they do not necessarily reflect behaviors of endothelial cells during lumen formation. Furthermore, given that complex interactions between different cell types which might be essential to generate the complicated three-dimensional architecture of a vascular lumen in develo ...
... are epithelial in origin, they do not necessarily reflect behaviors of endothelial cells during lumen formation. Furthermore, given that complex interactions between different cell types which might be essential to generate the complicated three-dimensional architecture of a vascular lumen in develo ...
African trypanosomiasis vaccine II 15-9-2012
... African trypanosomes which, in fact, are killed by innate resistance, not only failed to generate a longterm protective immunological state but resulted in enhanced susceptibility to intradermal challenges [30]. Even more surprisingly, intradermal injection of mice with a trypanosomal lysate, i.e., ...
... African trypanosomes which, in fact, are killed by innate resistance, not only failed to generate a longterm protective immunological state but resulted in enhanced susceptibility to intradermal challenges [30]. Even more surprisingly, intradermal injection of mice with a trypanosomal lysate, i.e., ...
among HLA-G, myeloid APCs, and regulatory cells
... Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized cells that process and present antigens (Ags) in the context of HLA class I and II molecules, and activate T cells. Professional APCs also provide a set of additional signals that modulate the activation of the responding cell. The most important profe ...
... Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized cells that process and present antigens (Ags) in the context of HLA class I and II molecules, and activate T cells. Professional APCs also provide a set of additional signals that modulate the activation of the responding cell. The most important profe ...
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis (lĭm'fō-poi-ē'sĭs) (or lymphocytopoiesis) is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell (WBC). It is more formally known as lymphoid hematopoiesis.Pathosis in lymphopoiesis leads to any of various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as the lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias.