The p101 subunit of PI3Kγ restores activation by Gβ mutants
... signals into the principle product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in order to control a plethora of fundamental cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, growth and chemotaxis [1–8]. On the basis of their structural features and modes of regulation, class I PI3Ks have been grouped into the clas ...
... signals into the principle product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in order to control a plethora of fundamental cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, growth and chemotaxis [1–8]. On the basis of their structural features and modes of regulation, class I PI3Ks have been grouped into the clas ...
biology syllabus
... State that the term standard deviation is used to summarize the spread of values around the mean, and that 68% of the values fall within one standard deviation of the mean. ...
... State that the term standard deviation is used to summarize the spread of values around the mean, and that 68% of the values fall within one standard deviation of the mean. ...
Specific Isotopic Labeling of Methyl Groups has Extended the
... sample. The use of these experiments enabled the 1H methyl (1Hme) and 13C methyl (13Cme) resonances of nearly 78% of the ILV methyl groups in a 82 kDa protein (MSG) to be assigned 26. Subsequently, the assignment of 3D and 4D NOESY experiments yielded distance restraint information that, when combin ...
... sample. The use of these experiments enabled the 1H methyl (1Hme) and 13C methyl (13Cme) resonances of nearly 78% of the ILV methyl groups in a 82 kDa protein (MSG) to be assigned 26. Subsequently, the assignment of 3D and 4D NOESY experiments yielded distance restraint information that, when combin ...
Gel Electrophoresis
... allows the preparation of gels with large pore sizes and high mechanical stability. Gels with a pore size from 150 nm at 1% (w/v) to 500 nm at 0.16% are used. This allows separation of nucleic acid fragment sizes in the range between 400 and 23 000 base pairs (bp). Different agarose qualities are av ...
... allows the preparation of gels with large pore sizes and high mechanical stability. Gels with a pore size from 150 nm at 1% (w/v) to 500 nm at 0.16% are used. This allows separation of nucleic acid fragment sizes in the range between 400 and 23 000 base pairs (bp). Different agarose qualities are av ...
PowerCut™ Dicer
... that is needed to completely cleave 1 µg of 192 bp doublestranded RNA substrate to siRNA in 16 hours at 37°C. Exonuclease contamination assay: Incubation of 1 U of PowerCut Dicer (4 h, 37°C, 50 μl) with 1 μg of sonicated [3H]-DNA (3x105 cpm/μg) in the assay buffer released <0.5 % of radioactivity. E ...
... that is needed to completely cleave 1 µg of 192 bp doublestranded RNA substrate to siRNA in 16 hours at 37°C. Exonuclease contamination assay: Incubation of 1 U of PowerCut Dicer (4 h, 37°C, 50 μl) with 1 μg of sonicated [3H]-DNA (3x105 cpm/μg) in the assay buffer released <0.5 % of radioactivity. E ...
Splicing together sister chromatids
... Figure 1. The control of sororin levels by the spliceosome determines proper sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis. The protein levels of sororin, encoded by the CDCA5 gene in humans, depend on the proper splicing of CDCA5 pre-mRNAs in interphase. After replication (S-phase), the cohesin ring mai ...
... Figure 1. The control of sororin levels by the spliceosome determines proper sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis. The protein levels of sororin, encoded by the CDCA5 gene in humans, depend on the proper splicing of CDCA5 pre-mRNAs in interphase. After replication (S-phase), the cohesin ring mai ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... definition are positions of multiple alignment which are conserved within subfamilies consisting of the proteins with the same specificity, but differ between these subfamilies. The major advantage of this approach stems from the fact that in contrast to some other previously suggested techniques, S ...
... definition are positions of multiple alignment which are conserved within subfamilies consisting of the proteins with the same specificity, but differ between these subfamilies. The major advantage of this approach stems from the fact that in contrast to some other previously suggested techniques, S ...
to this tutorial as a PDF
... structure. However, by using the Select command, you can specify portions of a molecular structure and change the Display Formats or Display Colors for just that region. The select command on its own will not change the way your molecular structure is displayed. Rather, it simply designates what ato ...
... structure. However, by using the Select command, you can specify portions of a molecular structure and change the Display Formats or Display Colors for just that region. The select command on its own will not change the way your molecular structure is displayed. Rather, it simply designates what ato ...
Principles of Nucleic Acid Separation by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
... An alternative dsDNA stain is SYBR Green I, produced by Invitrogen. Despite the fact that SYBR Green is more expensive, it is 25 times more sensitive than ethidium bromide (Jin et al., 1994). SYBR Safe, a variant of SYBR Green, has been shown to have low levels of mutagenicity and toxicity compared ...
... An alternative dsDNA stain is SYBR Green I, produced by Invitrogen. Despite the fact that SYBR Green is more expensive, it is 25 times more sensitive than ethidium bromide (Jin et al., 1994). SYBR Safe, a variant of SYBR Green, has been shown to have low levels of mutagenicity and toxicity compared ...
Nucleic Acids - Farmasi Unand
... Figure 10.8. A schematic representation of the replication of DNA. The arrows show the direction of growth of the leading and lagging strands. Reproduced from G. Thomas, Chemistry for Pharmacy and the Life Sciences including Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, 1996, by permission of Prentice Hall, ...
... Figure 10.8. A schematic representation of the replication of DNA. The arrows show the direction of growth of the leading and lagging strands. Reproduced from G. Thomas, Chemistry for Pharmacy and the Life Sciences including Pharmacology and Biomedical Science, 1996, by permission of Prentice Hall, ...
Cytoskeletal Basis of Organelle Trafficking in the
... Cells use the two main cytoskeleton motor machineries in order that MT- and AF-based motors frequently accomplish a concerted action rather than overlapping functions (Schliwa, 1999). In this context, 'concerted action' means that a particular organelle could have both AF- and MTmotors on the surfac ...
... Cells use the two main cytoskeleton motor machineries in order that MT- and AF-based motors frequently accomplish a concerted action rather than overlapping functions (Schliwa, 1999). In this context, 'concerted action' means that a particular organelle could have both AF- and MTmotors on the surfac ...
Electron tomography of plant thylakoid membranes
... 1999). For conventional ET, samples are embedded in plastic and sectioned by ultramicrotomy. Although this yields highcontrast images of gross cellular features including membranes, molecular detail is lost. To obtain tomograms of 4– 5nm resolution (Leis et al., 2009), the sample has to be vitrified ...
... 1999). For conventional ET, samples are embedded in plastic and sectioned by ultramicrotomy. Although this yields highcontrast images of gross cellular features including membranes, molecular detail is lost. To obtain tomograms of 4– 5nm resolution (Leis et al., 2009), the sample has to be vitrified ...
Selective Recognition and Detection of L
... template- monomer interactions responsible for selective and specific imprinting. In conventional molecular imprinting, a high level of cross-linking is used to ensure robustness. Template binding specificity and the slow rebinding kinetics arising from the inner diffusion of target molecules toward ...
... template- monomer interactions responsible for selective and specific imprinting. In conventional molecular imprinting, a high level of cross-linking is used to ensure robustness. Template binding specificity and the slow rebinding kinetics arising from the inner diffusion of target molecules toward ...
Green Fluorescent Protein
... • 20 fold enhancement consistent with 20 fold increase of GFP protein levels • GFP mutants can fluoresce different colors and be used simultaneously to monitor independent events in cells • Some GFP mutants exhibit more rapid formation of fluorophore ...
... • 20 fold enhancement consistent with 20 fold increase of GFP protein levels • GFP mutants can fluoresce different colors and be used simultaneously to monitor independent events in cells • Some GFP mutants exhibit more rapid formation of fluorophore ...
currently Final program
... of bioactive molecules. Previous in silico genome mining analyses from several Planctomycetes revealed the presence of genes related to various pathways for the production of several bioactive molecules, including some antitumor compounds like epothilone. Besides this potential, no study has up-to-n ...
... of bioactive molecules. Previous in silico genome mining analyses from several Planctomycetes revealed the presence of genes related to various pathways for the production of several bioactive molecules, including some antitumor compounds like epothilone. Besides this potential, no study has up-to-n ...
Supporting information S1.
... The suicide vector pKNG101 was used to introduce the CAT* reporter gene within the Escherichia coli chromosome (Table S2). This plasmid contains a defective pir minus origin of replication (oriR6K), the strAB genes encoding the streptomycin phospotransferase (SmR) as a positive selection marker and ...
... The suicide vector pKNG101 was used to introduce the CAT* reporter gene within the Escherichia coli chromosome (Table S2). This plasmid contains a defective pir minus origin of replication (oriR6K), the strAB genes encoding the streptomycin phospotransferase (SmR) as a positive selection marker and ...
Dreze et al, Methods Enzymol 2010
... Both genuine transcription factors and cognate DB-X autoactivators can be identified and removed by performing prescreens for reporter gene activation either with AD expressed alone (i.e., in the absence of any Y fused protein) or even with no AD at all. De novo autoactivators are more difficult to ...
... Both genuine transcription factors and cognate DB-X autoactivators can be identified and removed by performing prescreens for reporter gene activation either with AD expressed alone (i.e., in the absence of any Y fused protein) or even with no AD at all. De novo autoactivators are more difficult to ...
attachment of amino acids to tRNA
... molecules in cell (~40). Each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acids (20) and each recognizes a particular codon, or codons (61), in the mRNA. All tRNAs end with the sequence 5’CCA-3’ at the 3’ end, where the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase adds the amino acid. ...
... molecules in cell (~40). Each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acids (20) and each recognizes a particular codon, or codons (61), in the mRNA. All tRNAs end with the sequence 5’CCA-3’ at the 3’ end, where the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase adds the amino acid. ...
Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry for the analysis of protein
... exchange quickly while others exchange only after months. The rates of the most slowly exchanging amide hydrogens may be reduced by as much as 108 of their rates in unfolded forms of the same protein (Englander & Kallenbach, 1984). Nearly all peptide amide hydrogens in folded proteins are hydrogen ...
... exchange quickly while others exchange only after months. The rates of the most slowly exchanging amide hydrogens may be reduced by as much as 108 of their rates in unfolded forms of the same protein (Englander & Kallenbach, 1984). Nearly all peptide amide hydrogens in folded proteins are hydrogen ...
Two glucose/xylose transporter genes from the yeast Candida
... because hemicellulose is a major component of low-value agricultural and wood-pulping wastes [1,2]. Ideally Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the most efficient glucose fermenter and capable of withstanding both high ethanol concentrations and the presence of toxic compounds in hemicellulose hydrolysates ...
... because hemicellulose is a major component of low-value agricultural and wood-pulping wastes [1,2]. Ideally Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the most efficient glucose fermenter and capable of withstanding both high ethanol concentrations and the presence of toxic compounds in hemicellulose hydrolysates ...
Protons and how they are transported by proton pumps
... membrane potentials (Fig. 3). In this state, Arg655 is predicted to be very close to Asp684 (Fig. 3). Conserved charged amino acid residues at the bottom of the proton exit pathway may also support proton release, perhaps by providing the scaffold for binding of water molecules. A similar arrangemen ...
... membrane potentials (Fig. 3). In this state, Arg655 is predicted to be very close to Asp684 (Fig. 3). Conserved charged amino acid residues at the bottom of the proton exit pathway may also support proton release, perhaps by providing the scaffold for binding of water molecules. A similar arrangemen ...
STING Millennium: a web-based suite of programs
... because any point on the structure/surface might be painted (colored) only once, following the color code designed for given amino acid characteristics. Amino acid sequence on the other hand, can be mapped by number of parameters, organized and displayed in underlying rows. Appropriate visualization ...
... because any point on the structure/surface might be painted (colored) only once, following the color code designed for given amino acid characteristics. Amino acid sequence on the other hand, can be mapped by number of parameters, organized and displayed in underlying rows. Appropriate visualization ...
Functional characterization of polypeptide release factor 1b in the
... In higher eukaryotes, RF-I (class I release factor) [eRF1 (eukaryotic release factor 1)] is responsible for stop codon recognition and promotes nascent polypeptide release from the ribosome. Interestingly, two class I RFs, eRF1a and eRF1b, have been identified among the ciliates Euplotes, which are ...
... In higher eukaryotes, RF-I (class I release factor) [eRF1 (eukaryotic release factor 1)] is responsible for stop codon recognition and promotes nascent polypeptide release from the ribosome. Interestingly, two class I RFs, eRF1a and eRF1b, have been identified among the ciliates Euplotes, which are ...
Cell-penetrating peptide
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargo (from nanosize particles to small chemical molecules and large fragments of DNA). The ""cargo"" is associated with the peptides either through chemical linkage via covalent bonds or through non-covalent interactions. The function of the CPPs are to deliver the cargo into cells, a process that commonly occurs through endocytosis with the cargo delivered to the endosomes of living mammalian cells.CPPs hold great potential as in vitro and in vivo delivery vectors for use in research and medicine. Current use is limited by a lack of cell specificity in CPP-mediated cargo delivery and insufficient understanding of the modes of their uptake.CPPs typically have an amino acid composition that either contains a high relative abundance of positively charged amino acids such as lysine or arginine or has sequences that contain an alternating pattern of polar/charged amino acids and non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids. These two types of structures are referred to as polycationic or amphipathic, respectively. A third class of CPPs are the hydrophobic peptides, containing only apolar residues, with low net chargeor have hydrophobic amino acid groups that are crucial for cellular uptake.The first CPP was discovered independently by two laboratories in 1988, when it was found that the trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) could be efficiently taken up from the surrounding media by numerous cell types in culture. Since then, the number of known CPPs has expanded considerably and small molecule synthetic analogues with more effective protein transduction properties have been generated.