Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is more sensitive to changes in extracellular [KⳭ] ([KⳭ]o). For e ...
... in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is more sensitive to changes in extracellular [KⳭ] ([KⳭ]o). For e ...
The role of Pitx3 in survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
... molecular code within progenitor cells in the ventricular zone and region-specific developmental cascades ultimately results in induction of distinct neuronal cell types, including mDA neurons (Fig. 1). In human embryos, mDA neurons in the SNc and ...
... molecular code within progenitor cells in the ventricular zone and region-specific developmental cascades ultimately results in induction of distinct neuronal cell types, including mDA neurons (Fig. 1). In human embryos, mDA neurons in the SNc and ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... throughout the aggregates (Figures 5A and 5E). However, in the presence of a3 integrin-blocking antibodies, neurons and glia tend to segregate from each other, either into pure aggregates in which only a few cells (1–10) in an aggregate are of the other cell type or into clustered aggregates in whic ...
... throughout the aggregates (Figures 5A and 5E). However, in the presence of a3 integrin-blocking antibodies, neurons and glia tend to segregate from each other, either into pure aggregates in which only a few cells (1–10) in an aggregate are of the other cell type or into clustered aggregates in whic ...
emboj2008265-sup
... prior to visualization of Calpain activity. For each sample, a pair of coverslips (control and treatment) were used and imaged in parallel under UV light by inverting the coverslips over a microscope slide. Exposure times were kept constant and at a medium grey scale saturation to detect both increa ...
... prior to visualization of Calpain activity. For each sample, a pair of coverslips (control and treatment) were used and imaged in parallel under UV light by inverting the coverslips over a microscope slide. Exposure times were kept constant and at a medium grey scale saturation to detect both increa ...
The elusive crypt olfactory receptor neuron
... to a triple-barreled stimulus pipette (WPI), as described previously in detail (Schmachtenberg and Bacigalupo, 2004). Amino acids were applied as a mixture of the L-isomers of alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamate, glycine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine at a concentration of 1 mmol l–1 e ...
... to a triple-barreled stimulus pipette (WPI), as described previously in detail (Schmachtenberg and Bacigalupo, 2004). Amino acids were applied as a mixture of the L-isomers of alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamate, glycine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine at a concentration of 1 mmol l–1 e ...
A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis
... the areas where neural progenitors/precursor groups form [17,18,57,58]. The positions of the neural progenitors/precursors are refined by a transcriptional feedback loop between the Notch signalling pathway and the ASH genes, which results in the selection of regular arranged, spaced neural precurso ...
... the areas where neural progenitors/precursor groups form [17,18,57,58]. The positions of the neural progenitors/precursors are refined by a transcriptional feedback loop between the Notch signalling pathway and the ASH genes, which results in the selection of regular arranged, spaced neural precurso ...
Membrane potential synchrony of simultaneously recorded striatal
... ®re8. Neurons within functionally related striatal microzones receive similar sets of afferents, which arise from spatially distributed, but functionally related, cortical areas9,10. Although the neurons within a microzone respond to behavioural events in a time-locked manner11, their responses are ...
... ®re8. Neurons within functionally related striatal microzones receive similar sets of afferents, which arise from spatially distributed, but functionally related, cortical areas9,10. Although the neurons within a microzone respond to behavioural events in a time-locked manner11, their responses are ...
19 TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS (C.N. IV)
... The oculomotor nucleus proper is comprised of cells that innervate all extraocular eye muscles except the lateral rectus (LR6) and superior oblique (SO4). Remember that it also innervates the levator palpebrae. The EDINGER-WESTPHAL nucleus, which lies dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus proper, contain ...
... The oculomotor nucleus proper is comprised of cells that innervate all extraocular eye muscles except the lateral rectus (LR6) and superior oblique (SO4). Remember that it also innervates the levator palpebrae. The EDINGER-WESTPHAL nucleus, which lies dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus proper, contain ...
to a of the units.
... grams). Like snowflakes, no two human brains are exactly alike, although they do have common structures and configurations. Brain size doesn’t equal intelligence. Someone with a five-pound brain would not necessarily be “smarter” than a person with a two-and- a- half-pound brain. Albert Einstein had ...
... grams). Like snowflakes, no two human brains are exactly alike, although they do have common structures and configurations. Brain size doesn’t equal intelligence. Someone with a five-pound brain would not necessarily be “smarter” than a person with a two-and- a- half-pound brain. Albert Einstein had ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... The membranous labyrinth is divided in the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors ...
... The membranous labyrinth is divided in the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors ...
P2 Receptor Antagonist Trinitrophenyl-Adenosine
... al., 2002; Aschrafi et al., 2004), more information is available for the PNS, where this receptor apparently participates to activation of pathological pain states (Chizh and Illes, 2001). Moreover, a role for various P2 receptors in the path of oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) is well established. ...
... al., 2002; Aschrafi et al., 2004), more information is available for the PNS, where this receptor apparently participates to activation of pathological pain states (Chizh and Illes, 2001). Moreover, a role for various P2 receptors in the path of oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) is well established. ...
30 Hearing - Semantic Scholar
... into electrical signals and forwards them to the brain. The cochlea, however, is not simply a passive detector. Our ability to recognize small differences in sounds stems from the auditory system's capacity to distinguish among frequency components and to inform us of both the tones present and thei ...
... into electrical signals and forwards them to the brain. The cochlea, however, is not simply a passive detector. Our ability to recognize small differences in sounds stems from the auditory system's capacity to distinguish among frequency components and to inform us of both the tones present and thei ...
olfaction and limbic system
... - Connection between limbic and extrapyramid system - Regulates processes of reward, motivation and addiction. Cocain and nicotine cause release of dopamin from its cotical part. ...
... - Connection between limbic and extrapyramid system - Regulates processes of reward, motivation and addiction. Cocain and nicotine cause release of dopamin from its cotical part. ...
Neural Mechanisms for Binaural Interactions in the Superior Olivary
... • Principal cells of MNTB resemble bushy cells in that they have the first of these specializations, inputs from calyces of Held. In vitro intracellular recordings show that MNTB cells also have a lowthreshold K+ conductance similar to that found in bushy cells. When membrane voltage is measured in ...
... • Principal cells of MNTB resemble bushy cells in that they have the first of these specializations, inputs from calyces of Held. In vitro intracellular recordings show that MNTB cells also have a lowthreshold K+ conductance similar to that found in bushy cells. When membrane voltage is measured in ...
RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB)
... Olfactory information is interpreted from the activation patterns of over 1,000 sets of glomeruli, stimulated by over 1,000 types of OSNs. Unlike other neurons, OSNs are unique in that they can be regenerated, and undergo continuous turnover throughout life, while maintaining the original topographi ...
... Olfactory information is interpreted from the activation patterns of over 1,000 sets of glomeruli, stimulated by over 1,000 types of OSNs. Unlike other neurons, OSNs are unique in that they can be regenerated, and undergo continuous turnover throughout life, while maintaining the original topographi ...
Structure and Function of Neurons - Assets
... on/within the ribosomes. Peripheral proteins, which are soluble and live in the cytoplasm, are synthesized on free polysomes and transported directly into the dendrites and axons. ...
... on/within the ribosomes. Peripheral proteins, which are soluble and live in the cytoplasm, are synthesized on free polysomes and transported directly into the dendrites and axons. ...
Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... ments were incredibly informative. Rompani et al. (2017) knew that even RGCs of the same type can vary their dendritic arbor size according to location in the retina—a feature referred to as retinotopic-dependent dendritic scaling. While this feature is thought to be less prominent in non-foveated s ...
... ments were incredibly informative. Rompani et al. (2017) knew that even RGCs of the same type can vary their dendritic arbor size according to location in the retina—a feature referred to as retinotopic-dependent dendritic scaling. While this feature is thought to be less prominent in non-foveated s ...
Lecoq J, Savall J, Vucinic D, Grewe BF, Kim H, Li
... anesthetized mice expressing the red fluorophore TdTomato 10 in parvalbumin interneurons. To illustrate flexibility of usage, we examined a pair of neocortical areas (motor area M1 and somatosensory area S1) separated by ~3.5 mm (Fig. 2a), and another pair (visual areas V1 and LM) that were adjacent ...
... anesthetized mice expressing the red fluorophore TdTomato 10 in parvalbumin interneurons. To illustrate flexibility of usage, we examined a pair of neocortical areas (motor area M1 and somatosensory area S1) separated by ~3.5 mm (Fig. 2a), and another pair (visual areas V1 and LM) that were adjacent ...
Production of nerve growth factor by
... (Crutcher et al., 1993; Scott et al., 1995; Fahnestock et al., 1996; Hock et al., 2000). Moreover, the expression of NGF receptors in neurons from cortex, hippocampus, and forebrain nucleus basalis is altered in AD. TrkA expression is reduced in early and late stages of AD (Boissiere et al., 1997; M ...
... (Crutcher et al., 1993; Scott et al., 1995; Fahnestock et al., 1996; Hock et al., 2000). Moreover, the expression of NGF receptors in neurons from cortex, hippocampus, and forebrain nucleus basalis is altered in AD. TrkA expression is reduced in early and late stages of AD (Boissiere et al., 1997; M ...
Chapter 02 - Neurons and Glia
... Discussion Point: Discuss the following case study in the classroom and explain how retrograde transport help when studying brain connections. A competent research team injected HRP into the brain in order to study the connections of the cells at the injected site. 1) What happens to the HRP? (It is ...
... Discussion Point: Discuss the following case study in the classroom and explain how retrograde transport help when studying brain connections. A competent research team injected HRP into the brain in order to study the connections of the cells at the injected site. 1) What happens to the HRP? (It is ...
PPT - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Central problem in neuroscience: How the brain or neocortex codes information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many s ...
... Central problem in neuroscience: How the brain or neocortex codes information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many s ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... the video screen, gray scale selection of the binary image was adjusted on each microscopic field so as to match the silver grain clusters observed in the light microscope. Correction for feature fusion was carried out as described in Doucet et al. (1988), where the average number of varicosities re ...
... the video screen, gray scale selection of the binary image was adjusted on each microscopic field so as to match the silver grain clusters observed in the light microscope. Correction for feature fusion was carried out as described in Doucet et al. (1988), where the average number of varicosities re ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... could be potentially applied to the study of neuronal migration in various brain regions, but we will specifically discuss examples that have been successfully applied to study migration of cortical neurons. Conventional and conditional deletion of gene function, combined with genetic fate mapping i ...
... could be potentially applied to the study of neuronal migration in various brain regions, but we will specifically discuss examples that have been successfully applied to study migration of cortical neurons. Conventional and conditional deletion of gene function, combined with genetic fate mapping i ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.