Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Orchestrates the Response of Pyramidal
... interneurons receive from pyramidal cells can therefore be used as an additional classification scheme. Taken together with the trans-membrane currents peculiar to each interneuron class, these properties can result in a considerable temporal separation of the response of pyramidal cells with that o ...
... interneurons receive from pyramidal cells can therefore be used as an additional classification scheme. Taken together with the trans-membrane currents peculiar to each interneuron class, these properties can result in a considerable temporal separation of the response of pyramidal cells with that o ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... observed the pear shaped nerve cells with characteristic features of interneurons (1% of total number of GLN neurons). The investigations concerning the morphology of the neurons in the human and monkey GLN, carried out on the basis of Golgi impregnated preparations, showed the domination of multipo ...
... observed the pear shaped nerve cells with characteristic features of interneurons (1% of total number of GLN neurons). The investigations concerning the morphology of the neurons in the human and monkey GLN, carried out on the basis of Golgi impregnated preparations, showed the domination of multipo ...
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... 1878; Fernindez, 1980). By labeling individually identified blastomeres with vital cell lineage tracers and following the fate of their descendant clones, it has been shown that these cleavages subdivide cell fates in a highly determinate fashion (Weisblat et aZ., 1978, 1980a, 1984). Many of the bla ...
... 1878; Fernindez, 1980). By labeling individually identified blastomeres with vital cell lineage tracers and following the fate of their descendant clones, it has been shown that these cleavages subdivide cell fates in a highly determinate fashion (Weisblat et aZ., 1978, 1980a, 1984). Many of the bla ...
BMP inhibitors and neural patterning
... 2000; Barth et al., 1999; Nguyen et al., 2000). Although studies on the roles of BMPs in the spinal cord have focused primarily on the control of dorsal cell fates, prospective ventral neural cells may also be exposed to BMP signals prior to or coincident with their exposure to Shh. Cells of the neu ...
... 2000; Barth et al., 1999; Nguyen et al., 2000). Although studies on the roles of BMPs in the spinal cord have focused primarily on the control of dorsal cell fates, prospective ventral neural cells may also be exposed to BMP signals prior to or coincident with their exposure to Shh. Cells of the neu ...
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose
... Lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry: Sections were washed in PBS (4 changes 15 minutes intervals) in a glass which was placed on a shaker (Jencons Scientific Ltd.). After washing, a ring was scored on the glass slide with a diamond marker around the section to serve as a barrier to the fl ...
... Lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry: Sections were washed in PBS (4 changes 15 minutes intervals) in a glass which was placed on a shaker (Jencons Scientific Ltd.). After washing, a ring was scored on the glass slide with a diamond marker around the section to serve as a barrier to the fl ...
Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral
... al., 2005; Hof and Van der Gucht, 2007) represent remarkable features of the cetacean brain. Several hypotheses have been developed on the functional significance of such an increase in brain size and structural complexity in cetaceans, yet the adaptive pressures that conditioned this development are ...
... al., 2005; Hof and Van der Gucht, 2007) represent remarkable features of the cetacean brain. Several hypotheses have been developed on the functional significance of such an increase in brain size and structural complexity in cetaceans, yet the adaptive pressures that conditioned this development are ...
Computation by Oscillations: Implications of Experimental Data
... and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test function ‘‘kstest2’’ in MATLAB was used to test differences between two data samples (e.g., dorsal vs. ventral). P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Regression lines were constructed using the leastsquares method in Microsoft Excel and r values are re ...
... and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test function ‘‘kstest2’’ in MATLAB was used to test differences between two data samples (e.g., dorsal vs. ventral). P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Regression lines were constructed using the leastsquares method in Microsoft Excel and r values are re ...
The Circuitry of V1 and V2 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... glutamatergic spiny stellate cells. These cells project in turn to layers 2/3, where about half their synaptic connections are made (Callaway & Wiser 1996, Yabuta & Callaway 1998b). On their way, however, they make numerous synapses in layer 4Cβ itself, as well as in layers 4Cα, 4B, and 4A. This imp ...
... glutamatergic spiny stellate cells. These cells project in turn to layers 2/3, where about half their synaptic connections are made (Callaway & Wiser 1996, Yabuta & Callaway 1998b). On their way, however, they make numerous synapses in layer 4Cβ itself, as well as in layers 4Cα, 4B, and 4A. This imp ...
Nervous System I
... histological slides at the bank to investigate brain-based diseases and injuries that affect many millions of people worldwide and also to better understand the functioning of the normal human brain. In the United States, several brain banks offer tissue sections from thousands of people who willed ...
... histological slides at the bank to investigate brain-based diseases and injuries that affect many millions of people worldwide and also to better understand the functioning of the normal human brain. In the United States, several brain banks offer tissue sections from thousands of people who willed ...
15 - phschool.com
... endothelium, composed of simple squamous epithelium, lines the inner face of the cornea. Its cells have active sodium pumps that maintain the clarity of the cornea by keeping the water content of the cornea low. The cornea is well supplied with nerve endings, most of which are pain receptors. (For t ...
... endothelium, composed of simple squamous epithelium, lines the inner face of the cornea. Its cells have active sodium pumps that maintain the clarity of the cornea by keeping the water content of the cornea low. The cornea is well supplied with nerve endings, most of which are pain receptors. (For t ...
A Role of Central NELL2 in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior in
... hypothalamic areas, including the PVN, VMH and the ARC, all of which are known to be important in regulating metabolism (Jeong et al., 2008a). Therefore, we sought to investigate here a possible role of central NELL2 in the regulation of metabolism in rats. We first determined the expression of NELL ...
... hypothalamic areas, including the PVN, VMH and the ARC, all of which are known to be important in regulating metabolism (Jeong et al., 2008a). Therefore, we sought to investigate here a possible role of central NELL2 in the regulation of metabolism in rats. We first determined the expression of NELL ...
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G
... view of the structure of relevant centers of the brain. In the recent literature, multiple basic circuits, which form the building blocks of the brain, have been identified. We propose to treat these basic circuits as stochastic generators whose instances serve to wire a portion of the mouse brain. ...
... view of the structure of relevant centers of the brain. In the recent literature, multiple basic circuits, which form the building blocks of the brain, have been identified. We propose to treat these basic circuits as stochastic generators whose instances serve to wire a portion of the mouse brain. ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... molecular biologists, and many more and is intimately related to the study of taste. The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactor ...
... molecular biologists, and many more and is intimately related to the study of taste. The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactor ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... molecular biologists, and many more and is intimately related to the study of taste. The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactor ...
... molecular biologists, and many more and is intimately related to the study of taste. The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactor ...
FREE Sample Here - Find the cheapest test bank for your
... Research has been conducted on patients with brain damage to determine how well the brain can repair itself. Recovery from brain damage depends on the age of the individual and the extent of the brain damage. A. The Brain’s Plasticity and Capacity for Repair Although the young child’s brain has more ...
... Research has been conducted on patients with brain damage to determine how well the brain can repair itself. Recovery from brain damage depends on the age of the individual and the extent of the brain damage. A. The Brain’s Plasticity and Capacity for Repair Although the young child’s brain has more ...
Presumed Apoptosis and Reduced Arcuate Nucleus
... examined in only these areas. Histologic markers of cell injury. Detection of heat shock protein 72 (HSP-72) immunoreactivity and cellular necrosis by acid fuchsin staining were carried out by previously described methods (19) in brains of 4 control rats and 4 rats 48 h after insulin-induced hypogly ...
... examined in only these areas. Histologic markers of cell injury. Detection of heat shock protein 72 (HSP-72) immunoreactivity and cellular necrosis by acid fuchsin staining were carried out by previously described methods (19) in brains of 4 control rats and 4 rats 48 h after insulin-induced hypogly ...
Neural Transcription Factors: from Embryos to Neural Stem Cells
... multipotent neural plate stem cells, to specified neural progenitors. These early steps of neural development are critical for producing a pool of multipotent cells that later give rise to the multitude of neurons and glia in the central nervous system that have diverse and distinct functions, and a ...
... multipotent neural plate stem cells, to specified neural progenitors. These early steps of neural development are critical for producing a pool of multipotent cells that later give rise to the multitude of neurons and glia in the central nervous system that have diverse and distinct functions, and a ...
Vertical Organization of r=Aminobutyric Acid
... Figure 2. Photomicrographs of a [3H]GABA injection and retrograde cell labeling in motor cortex of a monkey pretreated with amino-oxyacetic acid. The injection of [3H]GABA is in layers I to IIIA (A). Many labeled cells are found around the injection and, at some distance, in layer V. Bar = 200 pm. / ...
... Figure 2. Photomicrographs of a [3H]GABA injection and retrograde cell labeling in motor cortex of a monkey pretreated with amino-oxyacetic acid. The injection of [3H]GABA is in layers I to IIIA (A). Many labeled cells are found around the injection and, at some distance, in layer V. Bar = 200 pm. / ...
the giant serotonergic neuron of aplysia: a multi
... in 6% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M sym-collidine (pH of 2 to 3 pm and a short axis of 1.5 to 2 pm. Frequently they appear to be distorted by surrounding structures. 7.4) made 0.7 M in sucrose and 0.7 mM in CaC12,postfixed in 1% (w/v) OsOl in 0.8 M sucrose and 50 mM sodium Thus, at the margin betwee ...
... in 6% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M sym-collidine (pH of 2 to 3 pm and a short axis of 1.5 to 2 pm. Frequently they appear to be distorted by surrounding structures. 7.4) made 0.7 M in sucrose and 0.7 mM in CaC12,postfixed in 1% (w/v) OsOl in 0.8 M sucrose and 50 mM sodium Thus, at the margin betwee ...
Restoring axonal localization and transport of transmembrane
... re-establish axon transport, but rather how can it be done in a controlled site-specific, age-specific manner. Within this review we have discussed how reinstating age-associated changes in signalling pathways can lead to enhanced repair after injury, but when it comes to CNS injury this is only hal ...
... re-establish axon transport, but rather how can it be done in a controlled site-specific, age-specific manner. Within this review we have discussed how reinstating age-associated changes in signalling pathways can lead to enhanced repair after injury, but when it comes to CNS injury this is only hal ...
![[10] P. Paul, J de Belleroche, The role of D-amino acids in](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/022394228_1-c70b74890df8cd7f8a841431fb6562f6-300x300.png)
[10] P. Paul, J de Belleroche, The role of D-amino acids in
... The significance of DAO in spinal cord was only recently highlighted when our group identified a pathogenic mutation in the DAO gene that was associated with ALS [9]. ...
... The significance of DAO in spinal cord was only recently highlighted when our group identified a pathogenic mutation in the DAO gene that was associated with ALS [9]. ...
found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... microphones are enlarged here for display purposes. (B) Examples of 3D flight trajectories of bats. Circles, video frames (25 Hz); the arrowhead indicates the start of flight. Flight durations, from left to right, were 8.0, 7.7, and 6.8 s, respectively. (C) Distribution of total flight distances (le ...
... microphones are enlarged here for display purposes. (B) Examples of 3D flight trajectories of bats. Circles, video frames (25 Hz); the arrowhead indicates the start of flight. Flight durations, from left to right, were 8.0, 7.7, and 6.8 s, respectively. (C) Distribution of total flight distances (le ...
Article (Author postprint)
... Hence Cnidaria share with Bilateria a large number of genetic tools. The expression and functional analyses currently available suggest a neurogenic function for numerous orthologs in developing or adult cnidarians where neurogenesis takes place continuously. As an example, in the Hydra polyp, the C ...
... Hence Cnidaria share with Bilateria a large number of genetic tools. The expression and functional analyses currently available suggest a neurogenic function for numerous orthologs in developing or adult cnidarians where neurogenesis takes place continuously. As an example, in the Hydra polyp, the C ...
Aging of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: a complex organ system
... distinct areas of the GI tract. The wall of the GI tract is organised into three main tissue layers, although additional layers are present in some regions and species. Each of these layers is composed of a number of different types of cell (Fig. 1). The arrangement of the different layers of the gu ...
... distinct areas of the GI tract. The wall of the GI tract is organised into three main tissue layers, although additional layers are present in some regions and species. Each of these layers is composed of a number of different types of cell (Fig. 1). The arrangement of the different layers of the gu ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.