RNA
... tRNAs are short (75-90 bases) RNA molecules. Enzymes attach the appropriate Amino Acid to each tRNA based on the tRNA’s own base sequence. ...
... tRNAs are short (75-90 bases) RNA molecules. Enzymes attach the appropriate Amino Acid to each tRNA based on the tRNA’s own base sequence. ...
What is BIOLOGY?
... things? What is an active site? A substrate? An enzyme-substrate complex? What is denaturing? What factors can change the way enzymes act? WHY? Which 4 MACROMOLECULES (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are important to living things? What subunits are used to make these? Be able to ...
... things? What is an active site? A substrate? An enzyme-substrate complex? What is denaturing? What factors can change the way enzymes act? WHY? Which 4 MACROMOLECULES (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are important to living things? What subunits are used to make these? Be able to ...
updated pdf
... Strings of amino acids – Primary, secondary and tertiary structure – Proteins do all the work but – 99% of human DNA is not translated into protein • Why carry around all that ‘junk’? • Some is not expressed in some cells or conditions • Some is evolution’s play ground ...
... Strings of amino acids – Primary, secondary and tertiary structure – Proteins do all the work but – 99% of human DNA is not translated into protein • Why carry around all that ‘junk’? • Some is not expressed in some cells or conditions • Some is evolution’s play ground ...
Biology 105
... DNA replication continued An RNA primer is needed at the beginning point of DNA replication. This primer is synthesized by DNA primase The RNA primer is later filled in with DNA ...
... DNA replication continued An RNA primer is needed at the beginning point of DNA replication. This primer is synthesized by DNA primase The RNA primer is later filled in with DNA ...
Basic DNA
... by untwisting the double helix and displaying the molecule as if it were a ladder. • The side rails of the ladder (the “backbone”) are alternating phosphate and sugar molecules. The rungs are paired nitrogen base molecules held together by a hydrogen bond. ...
... by untwisting the double helix and displaying the molecule as if it were a ladder. • The side rails of the ladder (the “backbone”) are alternating phosphate and sugar molecules. The rungs are paired nitrogen base molecules held together by a hydrogen bond. ...
Genetics Learning Goals
... Score 4: Student demonstrates in-depth inferences and applications of the learning goal(s) and can reconstruct and apply their knowledge from limited information: A/B4) Describe important discoveries that led to today’s model of DNA structure and explain how the development of the DNA model exhibits ...
... Score 4: Student demonstrates in-depth inferences and applications of the learning goal(s) and can reconstruct and apply their knowledge from limited information: A/B4) Describe important discoveries that led to today’s model of DNA structure and explain how the development of the DNA model exhibits ...
DNA Message Conversion Activity
... code, gaining "hands-on" experience and seeing how a sequence of DNA bases translates into a finished, meaningful product in the form of a protein (message). DNA » mRNA » tRNA » amino acid » protein In order to reap the benefits of this "secret message," you must be able to use a genetic code chart ...
... code, gaining "hands-on" experience and seeing how a sequence of DNA bases translates into a finished, meaningful product in the form of a protein (message). DNA » mRNA » tRNA » amino acid » protein In order to reap the benefits of this "secret message," you must be able to use a genetic code chart ...
amp R - Fort Bend ISD
... Alternative strategies for sequencing an entire genome. Celera used the maps and sequence data from the public consortium ...
... Alternative strategies for sequencing an entire genome. Celera used the maps and sequence data from the public consortium ...
Protein Synthesis
... • Clover-leaf shape • Single stranded molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid • Found out in the cytoplasm • Brings amino acid to ribosome ...
... • Clover-leaf shape • Single stranded molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid • Found out in the cytoplasm • Brings amino acid to ribosome ...
Irradiation of DNA-Amino Acid Complexes by Low-Energy (1
... radiation. Ionizing damage can primarily be attributed not only to reactions of water radiolysis products (hydroxyl radicals, solvated electrons, and H-atom), but also to the action of secondary low-energy electrons (LEE). It was demonstrated that direct bombardment of DNA with electrons of 0.5-20 e ...
... radiation. Ionizing damage can primarily be attributed not only to reactions of water radiolysis products (hydroxyl radicals, solvated electrons, and H-atom), but also to the action of secondary low-energy electrons (LEE). It was demonstrated that direct bombardment of DNA with electrons of 0.5-20 e ...
The Blueprint of Life, From DNA to Protein
... – Gene expression • Expression involves two process – Transcription – Translation ...
... – Gene expression • Expression involves two process – Transcription – Translation ...
DNA replication
... - They are held together in a polymeric form By 3" to 5" phosphodiester bonds forming single strand (Figure 5). - The information content of DNA (the genetic code) resides in the sequences in which these monomers are ordered. - The polymer of one strand posses two ends; 5'- phosphate terminus and 3' ...
... - They are held together in a polymeric form By 3" to 5" phosphodiester bonds forming single strand (Figure 5). - The information content of DNA (the genetic code) resides in the sequences in which these monomers are ordered. - The polymer of one strand posses two ends; 5'- phosphate terminus and 3' ...
Bioinformatics
... • Transcription and translation are the two main processes linking gene to protein • Genes provide the instructions for making specific proteins. • The bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is RNA. • RNA is chemically similar to DNA, except that it contains ribose as its sugar and substitutes the ...
... • Transcription and translation are the two main processes linking gene to protein • Genes provide the instructions for making specific proteins. • The bridge between DNA and protein synthesis is RNA. • RNA is chemically similar to DNA, except that it contains ribose as its sugar and substitutes the ...
omic glossary
... roles for proteases in vivo. This knowledge will facilitate the identification of new pharmaceutical targets to treat disease. ...
... roles for proteases in vivo. This knowledge will facilitate the identification of new pharmaceutical targets to treat disease. ...
Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
... C. Proteins Are Chains of 1. Proteins composed of one or more 2. Polypeptides are long chains of 3. Each protein has a , defined amino acid sequence D. The Shape of Globular Proteins 1. Globular protein chains are up into complex shapes a. Examine three dimensional structure with X-ray diffraction b ...
... C. Proteins Are Chains of 1. Proteins composed of one or more 2. Polypeptides are long chains of 3. Each protein has a , defined amino acid sequence D. The Shape of Globular Proteins 1. Globular protein chains are up into complex shapes a. Examine three dimensional structure with X-ray diffraction b ...
DNA, RNA and Protein Power Point
... 1. DNA molecule unzip where the desired gene is located 2. Free floating RNA nucleotides pair with the DNA strand forming m-RNA (Transcription) 3. The m-RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome 4. A specific t-RNA delivers a specific amino acid to the ribosome (Translation) 5. The m-RNA codon m ...
... 1. DNA molecule unzip where the desired gene is located 2. Free floating RNA nucleotides pair with the DNA strand forming m-RNA (Transcription) 3. The m-RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome 4. A specific t-RNA delivers a specific amino acid to the ribosome (Translation) 5. The m-RNA codon m ...
Practice Exam II
... T The change would always create a missense mutation. F The change would affect all subsequent amino acids inserted in translation. T The change could replace 3 different amino acids with Arg. T ...
... T The change would always create a missense mutation. F The change would affect all subsequent amino acids inserted in translation. T The change could replace 3 different amino acids with Arg. T ...
Viruses as Pathogens in Bacterial Gene Regulation
... • groups of enzymes that are grouped into the same mRNA transcript (ex: trp - gene for making tryptophan) – each protein has its own start and stop sequence – benefit: single on & off switch for entire process • switch is called the operator – located within the promoter region – can be switched of ...
... • groups of enzymes that are grouped into the same mRNA transcript (ex: trp - gene for making tryptophan) – each protein has its own start and stop sequence – benefit: single on & off switch for entire process • switch is called the operator – located within the promoter region – can be switched of ...
You should be able to find the information necessary to answer
... 13. Name and describe the functional roles of the three different types of RNA in gene expression. Explain the relationship between codons and an anticodons and the roles each play in translation. ...
... 13. Name and describe the functional roles of the three different types of RNA in gene expression. Explain the relationship between codons and an anticodons and the roles each play in translation. ...
Bill Nye - Genetics (worksheet)
... 14) Because all living things have the same DNA and RNA letters, Nuremberg understand that all living things derive from a _____________________________________. 15) Restriction enzymes are like “molecular scissors” that cut _______ molecules. ...
... 14) Because all living things have the same DNA and RNA letters, Nuremberg understand that all living things derive from a _____________________________________. 15) Restriction enzymes are like “molecular scissors” that cut _______ molecules. ...
Biology Test Topics Chapters 11-12 Slideshows
... What is the basic process by which eukaryotic DNA replicates itself? Be sure to mention the action of enzymes. What is a telomere? How can telomeres be related to cancerous growth? Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication Be able to label any of the diagrams in our DNA packet. Gel electro ...
... What is the basic process by which eukaryotic DNA replicates itself? Be sure to mention the action of enzymes. What is a telomere? How can telomeres be related to cancerous growth? Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication Be able to label any of the diagrams in our DNA packet. Gel electro ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.