Sex Determination using Polymerase Chain Reaction
... experiment result two week bands are visible (Figure 1). Third lane is for female. There is only one band are visible at 218 bp, which is for GAPDH gene. In female there is no SRY gene. In our experiment we detected week band at 218 bp in second lane. Forth lane is for unknown sample 1. This sample ...
... experiment result two week bands are visible (Figure 1). Third lane is for female. There is only one band are visible at 218 bp, which is for GAPDH gene. In female there is no SRY gene. In our experiment we detected week band at 218 bp in second lane. Forth lane is for unknown sample 1. This sample ...
The Physiological Roles of Enzymes
... B. Substrate binding by an enzyme helps catalyze the reaction by bringing the reactants into proximity with the optimal orientation for reaction. C. Amino acid side chains within active sites of many enzymes assist in catalysis by acting as acids or bases in reaction with the substrate. 1. In the me ...
... B. Substrate binding by an enzyme helps catalyze the reaction by bringing the reactants into proximity with the optimal orientation for reaction. C. Amino acid side chains within active sites of many enzymes assist in catalysis by acting as acids or bases in reaction with the substrate. 1. In the me ...
Chapter 16 Lecture Notes
... A human cell can copy its 6 billion nucleotide pairs and divide into daughter cells in only a few hours. ...
... A human cell can copy its 6 billion nucleotide pairs and divide into daughter cells in only a few hours. ...
METABOLIC PATHWAY OF AMINO ACIDS
... the most important being amino acids being contained in dietary protein. Nitrogen leaves the body as urea, ammonia, and other products derived from amino acid metabolism. The role of body proteins in these transformations involves two important concepts: the amino acid pool and protein turnover. Ami ...
... the most important being amino acids being contained in dietary protein. Nitrogen leaves the body as urea, ammonia, and other products derived from amino acid metabolism. The role of body proteins in these transformations involves two important concepts: the amino acid pool and protein turnover. Ami ...
DNA-templated CMV Viral Coat Protein Assemble Into Nanotubes
... images of CP assembly templated by FAM-labeled DNA. The scale bars are 2μm. ...
... images of CP assembly templated by FAM-labeled DNA. The scale bars are 2μm. ...
bZip Transcription factors: Picking up DNA with chopsticks
... bZip domains can bind DNA either as homodimers (two copies of the same protein) or by forming heterodimers with different bZip proteins, for example the cJun:cFos heterodimer AP1 shown in view4 (PDB entry 1fos). Their propensity to form homo or heterodimers ...
... bZip domains can bind DNA either as homodimers (two copies of the same protein) or by forming heterodimers with different bZip proteins, for example the cJun:cFos heterodimer AP1 shown in view4 (PDB entry 1fos). Their propensity to form homo or heterodimers ...
DNA - Images
... Samples as small as a few cells Works for very degraded samples Uses PCR technique to amplify sample Looks at 13 specific STR regions (p. 379 Table 13-1) An example of an STR is D7S280, it is found on human chromosome 7. The sequence GATA is repeated within this loci. Different individua ...
... Samples as small as a few cells Works for very degraded samples Uses PCR technique to amplify sample Looks at 13 specific STR regions (p. 379 Table 13-1) An example of an STR is D7S280, it is found on human chromosome 7. The sequence GATA is repeated within this loci. Different individua ...
分子生物学（Molecular Biology） CAI教程
... The common nucleic acid language The common protein language ★ The central dogma of genetic expression is the same DNA RNA ...
... The common nucleic acid language The common protein language ★ The central dogma of genetic expression is the same DNA RNA ...
Carbohydrates
... – each enzyme can only act upon one substrate • Enzymes are unchanged by reactions that they catalyze and are able to repeat the process many times over • Enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction • Enzymes are frequently named for the type of ...
... – each enzyme can only act upon one substrate • Enzymes are unchanged by reactions that they catalyze and are able to repeat the process many times over • Enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction • Enzymes are frequently named for the type of ...
Chapter 16 Outline
... A human cell can copy its 6 billion nucleotide pairs and divide into daughter cells in only a few hours. ...
... A human cell can copy its 6 billion nucleotide pairs and divide into daughter cells in only a few hours. ...
UNIT SIX: MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
... d. Nucleotides form long chains, with the phosphate group of one nucleotide bonding to the deoxyribose sugar of the adjacent nucleotide. e. The amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine is always equal to the amount of guanine: Chargoff’s rule (see page 329, F ...
... d. Nucleotides form long chains, with the phosphate group of one nucleotide bonding to the deoxyribose sugar of the adjacent nucleotide. e. The amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine is always equal to the amount of guanine: Chargoff’s rule (see page 329, F ...
When humans first ventured out of Africa some 60000 years ago
... Some genetic changes, such as allele frequency, occur randomly within a population and are passed from parent to offspring. The effect of this “genetic drift” varies with population size. Smaller populations are subject to much greater genetic drift for the same reason that a result of seven “heads” ...
... Some genetic changes, such as allele frequency, occur randomly within a population and are passed from parent to offspring. The effect of this “genetic drift” varies with population size. Smaller populations are subject to much greater genetic drift for the same reason that a result of seven “heads” ...
Reverse Transcriptase and cDNA Synthesis
... (RSV), to determine the mechanism of cancer caused by the viruses, and had previously established the focus assay system for transformation by RSV. This work made it possible to titrate an amount of the virus by counting the number of foci. Using this technique, he analyzed replication of the virus ...
... (RSV), to determine the mechanism of cancer caused by the viruses, and had previously established the focus assay system for transformation by RSV. This work made it possible to titrate an amount of the virus by counting the number of foci. Using this technique, he analyzed replication of the virus ...
File - western undergrad. by the students, for the students.
... generally accomplished by increasing the rate of recruitment of RNA polymerase or the activity of RNA polymerase. Both enhanced recruitment or activity of RNA polymerase are usually achieved by protein-protein interactions between the activator protein and RNA polymerase. The Lac Operon (Fig 8-9) Th ...
... generally accomplished by increasing the rate of recruitment of RNA polymerase or the activity of RNA polymerase. Both enhanced recruitment or activity of RNA polymerase are usually achieved by protein-protein interactions between the activator protein and RNA polymerase. The Lac Operon (Fig 8-9) Th ...
Exploring Nitrogen Fixing, Chemo heterotrophic Oligophiles from
... Total genomic DNA was isolated using GeneElute genomic DNA isolation kit (Sigma, USA) as per the manufacturer’s instructions and used as a template for PCR. Each reaction mixture contain approximately 10 ng of DNA; 2.5 mm MgCl2, 1x PCR buffer (Genei, Banglore, India), 200 μM each dCTP, dGTP, dATP an ...
... Total genomic DNA was isolated using GeneElute genomic DNA isolation kit (Sigma, USA) as per the manufacturer’s instructions and used as a template for PCR. Each reaction mixture contain approximately 10 ng of DNA; 2.5 mm MgCl2, 1x PCR buffer (Genei, Banglore, India), 200 μM each dCTP, dGTP, dATP an ...
Epigenetics of Cancer
... fragments over the total control and positive values are interpreted as enrichment for methylation. • Although this method is not constrained to measuring methylation in recognition sites, the drawback is a lack of specificity in low CpG dense regions due to noise. ...
... fragments over the total control and positive values are interpreted as enrichment for methylation. • Although this method is not constrained to measuring methylation in recognition sites, the drawback is a lack of specificity in low CpG dense regions due to noise. ...
EZ-DNA - Geneflow
... method (1), which is based on disruption of cells in a guanidine-detergent lysing solution that hydrolyzes RNA and allows the selective precipitation of DNA from a cell lysate with ethanol. Following an ethanol wash, DNA is solubilized in water or 8 mM NaOH. There is no phenol in EZ-DNA. The protoco ...
... method (1), which is based on disruption of cells in a guanidine-detergent lysing solution that hydrolyzes RNA and allows the selective precipitation of DNA from a cell lysate with ethanol. Following an ethanol wash, DNA is solubilized in water or 8 mM NaOH. There is no phenol in EZ-DNA. The protoco ...
Science summary I Exam-1 - Relufeas
... Process by which amino acids join to form chains. The covalent bond that is formed between the C and the N is called peptide bond. The long amino acid chains are called polypeptides or proteins. 3. 4 structure levels The primary structure is the amino acid sequence that forms the protein. ...
... Process by which amino acids join to form chains. The covalent bond that is formed between the C and the N is called peptide bond. The long amino acid chains are called polypeptides or proteins. 3. 4 structure levels The primary structure is the amino acid sequence that forms the protein. ...
Understanding the Mechanism of Adaptive Evolution and
... of the toothed whales (Nikaido et al. 2001), 3. the phylogenetic relationship of bats within mammals (Nikaido et al. 2000). The above studies attracted attention of many biologists including paleontologists and have been widely cited in the scientific journals. Especially, my finding of the close re ...
... of the toothed whales (Nikaido et al. 2001), 3. the phylogenetic relationship of bats within mammals (Nikaido et al. 2000). The above studies attracted attention of many biologists including paleontologists and have been widely cited in the scientific journals. Especially, my finding of the close re ...
Biochemistry
... a) proteins with a 3-D shape. b) shape determines the substrate for the enzyme c) Substrates- substances that enzymes act upon. Lipase acts on lipids. Maltase acts on maltose. Protease acts on proteins. Lactase works on Lactose . ...
... a) proteins with a 3-D shape. b) shape determines the substrate for the enzyme c) Substrates- substances that enzymes act upon. Lipase acts on lipids. Maltase acts on maltose. Protease acts on proteins. Lactase works on Lactose . ...
Snork GeneticsName
... Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to analyze the genes of its DNA and determine what traits the organism has and then sketch the organism (You can be creative here). For simplicity, the gene se ...
... Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to analyze the genes of its DNA and determine what traits the organism has and then sketch the organism (You can be creative here). For simplicity, the gene se ...
KEY Honors Biology Chapter 10
... 20. The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is ACT. A messenger RNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA. In the process of protein synthesis, a transfer RNA pairs with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodone? (Careful-this one is harder than ...
... 20. The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is ACT. A messenger RNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA. In the process of protein synthesis, a transfer RNA pairs with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodone? (Careful-this one is harder than ...
site-directed mutagenesis and protein engineering
... of mutagenesis is close to 100%. However, if it is desired to change the amino acids at two sites to all the possible alternatives then 400 different oligos or fragments would be required and the practicality of the method becomes questionable. One solution to this problem is to use doped oligonucle ...
... of mutagenesis is close to 100%. However, if it is desired to change the amino acids at two sites to all the possible alternatives then 400 different oligos or fragments would be required and the practicality of the method becomes questionable. One solution to this problem is to use doped oligonucle ...
Use a sheet of paper to cover the answers to the questions
... -Monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis (condensation) reactions -Dehydration synthesis is a chemical process by which 2 molecules are joined together to make a larger, more complex, molecule, with the loss of water ...
... -Monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis (condensation) reactions -Dehydration synthesis is a chemical process by which 2 molecules are joined together to make a larger, more complex, molecule, with the loss of water ...
Principles of cell
... - centromere sequences (CEN) - Telomere sequences (TEL) - Autonomous replicating sequences (ARS) for replication in the yeast nucleus. - Ampicillin resistance for propagation in E. coli - Three markers including a suppressor tRNA gene, TRP1, and URA3 genes for selection by complementation in the app ...
... - centromere sequences (CEN) - Telomere sequences (TEL) - Autonomous replicating sequences (ARS) for replication in the yeast nucleus. - Ampicillin resistance for propagation in E. coli - Three markers including a suppressor tRNA gene, TRP1, and URA3 genes for selection by complementation in the app ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.