Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered
... our investigations on the biosynthesis of C-1027, particularly to delineate the events leading to the (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety of 1, we sought to characterize the enzymatic activity of SgcC in Vitro to provide insight into the substrate specificity, timing of the hydroxylation step in ...
... our investigations on the biosynthesis of C-1027, particularly to delineate the events leading to the (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety of 1, we sought to characterize the enzymatic activity of SgcC in Vitro to provide insight into the substrate specificity, timing of the hydroxylation step in ...
Solid Phase Synthesis on SASRIN
... fragments may be assembled either in solution [2] or “on resin” [3]. This approach may seem more cumbersome than the classical stepwise method, but it usually leads to crude peptides of better purity, as deletion sequences accumulated in stepwise synthesis are much more difficult to remove compared ...
... fragments may be assembled either in solution [2] or “on resin” [3]. This approach may seem more cumbersome than the classical stepwise method, but it usually leads to crude peptides of better purity, as deletion sequences accumulated in stepwise synthesis are much more difficult to remove compared ...
NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase. From a model enzyme to
... (resolution 1.80 Å) [17], the ternary complex of enzyme with NAD+ and azide mimicking putative transition state (2.05 Å) [17], and a complex with ADPR (1.50 Å) [23]. Several other binary complexes of PseFDH (PseFDH-formate, PseFDH-NAD+, PseFDH-NADH) have been crystallized and preliminary X-ray data ...
... (resolution 1.80 Å) [17], the ternary complex of enzyme with NAD+ and azide mimicking putative transition state (2.05 Å) [17], and a complex with ADPR (1.50 Å) [23]. Several other binary complexes of PseFDH (PseFDH-formate, PseFDH-NAD+, PseFDH-NADH) have been crystallized and preliminary X-ray data ...
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions
... (c) The amount of the diammine complex, Ag(NH3)2+(aq), increases with time as more and more AgCl(s) and NH3(aq) react. Problem 11.8. Molecules move faster at higher temperatures. (Their internal motions (vibrations and rotations) also gain more energy, so vibrations and rotations are more active.) M ...
... (c) The amount of the diammine complex, Ag(NH3)2+(aq), increases with time as more and more AgCl(s) and NH3(aq) react. Problem 11.8. Molecules move faster at higher temperatures. (Their internal motions (vibrations and rotations) also gain more energy, so vibrations and rotations are more active.) M ...
Cloning and sequencing of the kedarcidin biosynthetic
... chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) yielded an [M + H]+ ion at m/z 1030.37338 for the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, consistent with i ...
... chromophore were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (Fig. S4, ESI†). For the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) yielded an [M + H]+ ion at m/z 1030.37338 for the enediyne form of the KED chromophore, consistent with i ...
Persistence and Loss of Meiotic Recombination
... If the meiosis has at least one crossover, segregation is Mendelian, and each gamete receives a single chromatid. If there are no crossovers, with probability PA the chromatids will become four aneuploid and inviable gametes, which are discarded. If PA ⫽ 0, meioses produce haploid gametes even witho ...
... If the meiosis has at least one crossover, segregation is Mendelian, and each gamete receives a single chromatid. If there are no crossovers, with probability PA the chromatids will become four aneuploid and inviable gametes, which are discarded. If PA ⫽ 0, meioses produce haploid gametes even witho ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Functional Expression and Stabilization of Horseradish Peroxidase by Directed Evolution in
... screening to identify HRP-C mutants that are more active and stable to incubation in hydrogen peroxide at 50°C. A single mutation (N175S) in the HRP active site was found to improve thermal stability. Introducing this mutation into an HRP variant evolved for higher activity yielded HRP 13A7-N175S, w ...
... screening to identify HRP-C mutants that are more active and stable to incubation in hydrogen peroxide at 50°C. A single mutation (N175S) in the HRP active site was found to improve thermal stability. Introducing this mutation into an HRP variant evolved for higher activity yielded HRP 13A7-N175S, w ...
Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Soluble Enzyme Systems
... It is essentially impossible to recognize the individual steps of fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondrial system. This system is designed for the initial fatty acids to go directly to CO2 and water without accumulating more than catalytic amounts of intermediary products. Two preliminary steps wer ...
... It is essentially impossible to recognize the individual steps of fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondrial system. This system is designed for the initial fatty acids to go directly to CO2 and water without accumulating more than catalytic amounts of intermediary products. Two preliminary steps wer ...
on the importance of cooperativity effects - RSC Publishing
... important in protein structures. A pioneering systematic search through the Protein Data Bank (PDB) showed that anion–p close contacts exist in experimental protein structures between the standard aromatic residues (Trp, Phe, Tyr, and His) and anions, such as chloride and phosphate.25 Also, by a sys ...
... important in protein structures. A pioneering systematic search through the Protein Data Bank (PDB) showed that anion–p close contacts exist in experimental protein structures between the standard aromatic residues (Trp, Phe, Tyr, and His) and anions, such as chloride and phosphate.25 Also, by a sys ...
Mar22_24
... Are any assumptions unnecessary? 1. Random mating also produces the same results. Just slightly more complex to show than the random union case. 2. The requirement of distinct generations is not necessary. However, this assumption makes the algebra easier. 3. If there is a different distribution of ...
... Are any assumptions unnecessary? 1. Random mating also produces the same results. Just slightly more complex to show than the random union case. 2. The requirement of distinct generations is not necessary. However, this assumption makes the algebra easier. 3. If there is a different distribution of ...
Biochemical studies of enzymes in insect cuticle hardening
... concentrations in several neurodegenerative diseases. A mammalian enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase like-1 (GADL1), has been shown to have the same substrate usage as insect ADC does, potentially contributing to the biosynthesis of taurine and/or β-alanine in mammalian species. Finally, the metabolic ...
... concentrations in several neurodegenerative diseases. A mammalian enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase like-1 (GADL1), has been shown to have the same substrate usage as insect ADC does, potentially contributing to the biosynthesis of taurine and/or β-alanine in mammalian species. Finally, the metabolic ...
A family of thermostable fungal cellulases created by structure-guided recombination
... which activity was not detected, 9 contained block B4P2. Of the 16 chimeras containing B4P2 in the initial sample set, only one showed activity toward PASC. Summed over both chimera sets and HJPlus, just 2 of 26 chimeras featuring B4P2 were active, indicating that this particular block is highly det ...
... which activity was not detected, 9 contained block B4P2. Of the 16 chimeras containing B4P2 in the initial sample set, only one showed activity toward PASC. Summed over both chimera sets and HJPlus, just 2 of 26 chimeras featuring B4P2 were active, indicating that this particular block is highly det ...
Ozone decomposition
... a blue color. At atmospheric pressure and temperature of 161.3 K, the ozone becomes fluid and is of deep blue color. It cures at 80.6 K by acquiring a dark purple color (Lunin et al., 1998). Ozone is explosive in all three physical conditions. Work with ozone concentrations of 0 to 15% can be consid ...
... a blue color. At atmospheric pressure and temperature of 161.3 K, the ozone becomes fluid and is of deep blue color. It cures at 80.6 K by acquiring a dark purple color (Lunin et al., 1998). Ozone is explosive in all three physical conditions. Work with ozone concentrations of 0 to 15% can be consid ...
Male-killing i n two species of insect Wolbachia 1~ THE ROYAL
... Interestingly, these two sequences differed from each other in 38 nucleotides (6.92% divergence, uncorrected for multiple hits). The three sequences (one from A. encedon, two from A. bipunctata: EMBL accession numbers AJ130714~AJ130716) were aligned to published sequences of B-group Wolbachia and tw ...
... Interestingly, these two sequences differed from each other in 38 nucleotides (6.92% divergence, uncorrected for multiple hits). The three sequences (one from A. encedon, two from A. bipunctata: EMBL accession numbers AJ130714~AJ130716) were aligned to published sequences of B-group Wolbachia and tw ...
Viva Voce : Orals in Biochemistry
... 10. Chemistry and metabolism of nucleic acids. ............................................................ 83 11. (i) Molecular biology – I – A Replication ............................................................ 93 (ii) Molecular biology I – B Transcription .................................... ...
... 10. Chemistry and metabolism of nucleic acids. ............................................................ 83 11. (i) Molecular biology – I – A Replication ............................................................ 93 (ii) Molecular biology I – B Transcription .................................... ...
02_whole - Massey Research Online
... restriction sites are unique to each individual MD-AeO sequence. Genomic Southern analysis, using probes spanning the 3 '-UTR and the 3 '-end of the coding region confirmed that MD A e03 is encoded by a distinct gene. However, while the distinction between MD-A eO] and MD-A e02 is not as definitive ...
... restriction sites are unique to each individual MD-AeO sequence. Genomic Southern analysis, using probes spanning the 3 '-UTR and the 3 '-end of the coding region confirmed that MD A e03 is encoded by a distinct gene. However, while the distinction between MD-A eO] and MD-A e02 is not as definitive ...
The American University in Cairo School of Science and Engineering
... were discovered in the early 1980s. These new beta-lactamase enzymes, called extendedspectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBLs), were found in common enteric bacilli and showed distinct hydrolytic properties. The first ESBL enzymes discovered were shown to be mainly derived from the original T(0 DQG 6+9 ȕ- ...
... were discovered in the early 1980s. These new beta-lactamase enzymes, called extendedspectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBLs), were found in common enteric bacilli and showed distinct hydrolytic properties. The first ESBL enzymes discovered were shown to be mainly derived from the original T(0 DQG 6+9 ȕ- ...
Effects of tRNA modification on translational accuracy depend on
... gene, which encodes thiouridylase responsible for catalyzing formation of s2 U (44), are inviable (G. R. Björk, personal communication). The MnmA thiuridylase binds unmodified tRNAs in vitro with similar affinity and catalyzes sulfation with equal substrate activity on the two tRNAs (45). Furthermo ...
... gene, which encodes thiouridylase responsible for catalyzing formation of s2 U (44), are inviable (G. R. Björk, personal communication). The MnmA thiuridylase binds unmodified tRNAs in vitro with similar affinity and catalyzes sulfation with equal substrate activity on the two tRNAs (45). Furthermo ...
p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA
... that while p68 RNA helicase activity appears to be important for some functions (e.g., RNA processing), it does not appear to be required for its role as a transcriptional coactivator. The p68 gene contains a large intron (intron 11, 1.2 kb in the human gene), which has been conserved through evolut ...
... that while p68 RNA helicase activity appears to be important for some functions (e.g., RNA processing), it does not appear to be required for its role as a transcriptional coactivator. The p68 gene contains a large intron (intron 11, 1.2 kb in the human gene), which has been conserved through evolut ...
REGULATION OF KETONE BODY AND COENZYME A
... system (1; 14; 18). Malonyl-CoA inhibits CPT I and regulates the entrance of long-chain acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria (19; 20). Soluble medium-chain fatty acids (8-10 carbons) enter directly into the mitochondria and their oxidation is independent of the CPT system (1). In the mitochondria, fatty ...
... system (1; 14; 18). Malonyl-CoA inhibits CPT I and regulates the entrance of long-chain acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria (19; 20). Soluble medium-chain fatty acids (8-10 carbons) enter directly into the mitochondria and their oxidation is independent of the CPT system (1). In the mitochondria, fatty ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... step through which the metabolite enters a particular pathway (e.g., Krebs cycle or synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol). This activation has two universal consequences: 1) it renders the metabolite (in the form of the CoA ester) impermeant to cell membranes and 2) it sequesters CoA from the li ...
... step through which the metabolite enters a particular pathway (e.g., Krebs cycle or synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol). This activation has two universal consequences: 1) it renders the metabolite (in the form of the CoA ester) impermeant to cell membranes and 2) it sequesters CoA from the li ...
ppt for
... Interspecies: no constraint intraspecies: constraint in Africans; mild constraint in non-African • Explanation1: strength of selective constraint my simply differ between these two time scales. • Explanation2: interspecies substitution rate, but not the derived allele frequency distribution, is aff ...
... Interspecies: no constraint intraspecies: constraint in Africans; mild constraint in non-African • Explanation1: strength of selective constraint my simply differ between these two time scales. • Explanation2: interspecies substitution rate, but not the derived allele frequency distribution, is aff ...
Deoxyribozyme
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.