Methods Five 1536-SNP GoldenGate assays (Fig. 1) Three pilot
... University Genomics Institute) and Alan Schulman (University of Helsinki). For pairwise genotype comparisons, a SNP was accepted only if there were at least two sequences from each genotype and no disagreement at the SNP position between opposite strands from a single clone. A base call was used onl ...
... University Genomics Institute) and Alan Schulman (University of Helsinki). For pairwise genotype comparisons, a SNP was accepted only if there were at least two sequences from each genotype and no disagreement at the SNP position between opposite strands from a single clone. A base call was used onl ...
(Pan) Salmonella and Salmonella Serotype Typhi–Specific Real
... Salmonella species are important causes of enteritis throughout the world. In addition, Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi are important causes of enteric fever in underdeveloped countries that lack adequate sewage disposal and water treatment facilities.1,2 It is standard practice in ...
... Salmonella species are important causes of enteritis throughout the world. In addition, Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi are important causes of enteric fever in underdeveloped countries that lack adequate sewage disposal and water treatment facilities.1,2 It is standard practice in ...
Amino Acid-Protecting Groups (PDF Available)
... Orthogonal protection schemes are usually milder because selective deprotection is governed by alternative cleavage mechanisms rather than by reaction rates. Since the pioneernig work of Bergmann and Zervas, the development of new protecting groups has been deeply tied to peptide chemistry. Protecti ...
... Orthogonal protection schemes are usually milder because selective deprotection is governed by alternative cleavage mechanisms rather than by reaction rates. Since the pioneernig work of Bergmann and Zervas, the development of new protecting groups has been deeply tied to peptide chemistry. Protecti ...
Characterization of the regulatory function of the 46
... both isoforms were almost completely eliminated at an ADP/ATP ratio of 1:3 (Zhang and Portis 1999). In order to determine how much of the 46-kDa isoform is needed to inhibit the activities of both isoforms at an ADP/ATP ratio of 1:3, the Rubisco activation activities of mixtures at 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 ...
... both isoforms were almost completely eliminated at an ADP/ATP ratio of 1:3 (Zhang and Portis 1999). In order to determine how much of the 46-kDa isoform is needed to inhibit the activities of both isoforms at an ADP/ATP ratio of 1:3, the Rubisco activation activities of mixtures at 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 ...
- Synthesis Bikaner
... (3) Less than zero (4) More than zero but less than one Ans. (2) The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called (1) Postropoduction processing ...
... (3) Less than zero (4) More than zero but less than one Ans. (2) The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called (1) Postropoduction processing ...
Electrophoresisppt
... Many molecules (amino acids, peptides, proteins, DNA, and RNA) have naturally occurring negative and positive charges on them. The sum of these charges determines the overall charge. When introduced to an electrical current, negatively charged molecules are attracted to the positive electrode and po ...
... Many molecules (amino acids, peptides, proteins, DNA, and RNA) have naturally occurring negative and positive charges on them. The sum of these charges determines the overall charge. When introduced to an electrical current, negatively charged molecules are attracted to the positive electrode and po ...
molecular marker-based characterization of barley powdery mildew
... salinity (Stanca, 2003), as well as biotic stresses, such as fungal pathogens (Weibull et al., 2003). The control of pathogens is usually achieved by the application of fungicides during the growing season, but such practice has associated cost penalties as well as often unpredictable effects on wil ...
... salinity (Stanca, 2003), as well as biotic stresses, such as fungal pathogens (Weibull et al., 2003). The control of pathogens is usually achieved by the application of fungicides during the growing season, but such practice has associated cost penalties as well as often unpredictable effects on wil ...
Metabolism and biochemical characteristics of yogurt bacteria
... 2 strains of subspecies salivarius of S salivarius. This cross-hybridization suggests that both species share common DNA sequences, but more data are needed to support a possible close relationship between these 2 streptococci. In addition, the probe easily detects RFLP (restriction fragment length ...
... 2 strains of subspecies salivarius of S salivarius. This cross-hybridization suggests that both species share common DNA sequences, but more data are needed to support a possible close relationship between these 2 streptococci. In addition, the probe easily detects RFLP (restriction fragment length ...
The Handbook of Redox Biochemistry- ESA, Inc.
... Facultative aerobes (Table 1.1) can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen. They obtain their energy either by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation and do not require oxygen for synthesis. When oxygen is lacking this group of organisms can oxidize some organic compounds (which act as both ...
... Facultative aerobes (Table 1.1) can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen. They obtain their energy either by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation and do not require oxygen for synthesis. When oxygen is lacking this group of organisms can oxidize some organic compounds (which act as both ...
Nonsensemediated decay of glutathione peroxidase 1 mRNA in the
... the resulting cytoplasmic mRNA and (ii) an exon±exon junction located >50±55 nucleotides downstream of a translation termination codon functions to elicit cytoplasmic NMD, as is the case for nucleus-associated NMD. We go on to show using a doxycycline-repressible promoter to drive GPx1 gene expressi ...
... the resulting cytoplasmic mRNA and (ii) an exon±exon junction located >50±55 nucleotides downstream of a translation termination codon functions to elicit cytoplasmic NMD, as is the case for nucleus-associated NMD. We go on to show using a doxycycline-repressible promoter to drive GPx1 gene expressi ...
Effect of population size, selection intensity, linkage and non
... brium under random mating without selection, but no one has been able, mathematically, to derive valid equations for selection in finite populations in the presence of linkage and epistasis. The present study was undertaken as a feasible approach to increased understanding of genetic selection. ...
... brium under random mating without selection, but no one has been able, mathematically, to derive valid equations for selection in finite populations in the presence of linkage and epistasis. The present study was undertaken as a feasible approach to increased understanding of genetic selection. ...
Novel pathogen-specific primers for the detection of Agrobacterium
... crown gall (BURR et al. 1998). Besides A. vitis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens may also occur on grapevines as causative agent of crown gall disease (SZEGEDI et al. 2005). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has widely been used to test for the presence of various plant pathogens to select clean plant m ...
... crown gall (BURR et al. 1998). Besides A. vitis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens may also occur on grapevines as causative agent of crown gall disease (SZEGEDI et al. 2005). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has widely been used to test for the presence of various plant pathogens to select clean plant m ...
... the disease mainly affects children, because adults have acquired immunity which protects them against severe malaria syndromes and most febrile malaria episodes. However, pregnant women constitute an important exception to this rule since they often suffer from severe malaria attacks. Further, even ...
TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assays
... using only this amount of product for the purchaser’s own internal research. Separate purchase of an Authorized 5' Nuclease Core Kit would convey rights under the applicable claims of US patents, and corresponding patent claims outside the United States, which claim 5’ nuclease methods. No right und ...
... using only this amount of product for the purchaser’s own internal research. Separate purchase of an Authorized 5' Nuclease Core Kit would convey rights under the applicable claims of US patents, and corresponding patent claims outside the United States, which claim 5’ nuclease methods. No right und ...
New variants of the tet(M) gene in Clostridium
... tet(M)1, 2, 3 and 4 variants were found in C. difficile isolates resistant or inducibly resistant to tetracycline, and tet(M)5 and 6 were found in susceptible isolates. The organization of the element carrying tet(M)3, tet(M)6 and tet(M)1 of cd12 was similar to that of E. faecalis DS16. This analysi ...
... tet(M)1, 2, 3 and 4 variants were found in C. difficile isolates resistant or inducibly resistant to tetracycline, and tet(M)5 and 6 were found in susceptible isolates. The organization of the element carrying tet(M)3, tet(M)6 and tet(M)1 of cd12 was similar to that of E. faecalis DS16. This analysi ...
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF BINARY AND TRIPLE SYSTEMS BASED
... transfer of electrons. It was reported that rates of O2 reduction by MnII complex are accelerated in the presence of group 2 metal ions [8]. This effect is typified in metalloproteins such as the copper zinc superoxide dismutase, in which both metal ions have been proposed to be functionally active ...
... transfer of electrons. It was reported that rates of O2 reduction by MnII complex are accelerated in the presence of group 2 metal ions [8]. This effect is typified in metalloproteins such as the copper zinc superoxide dismutase, in which both metal ions have been proposed to be functionally active ...
Reduction of CuO in H2: in situ time
... 20 cm3 /min). These experimental conditions (i.e. temperature, H2 concentration, flow rate) are similar to those used in many catalytic processes [1,3,10]. In the first 15 min of the experiment, no change is seen in the diffraction pattern for CuO. After this induction time, lines for metallic copper ...
... 20 cm3 /min). These experimental conditions (i.e. temperature, H2 concentration, flow rate) are similar to those used in many catalytic processes [1,3,10]. In the first 15 min of the experiment, no change is seen in the diffraction pattern for CuO. After this induction time, lines for metallic copper ...
Phosphorus requirement of the sporophyte of Laminaria japonica
... ature and low phosphorus period from May to November. In the low water temperature and high phosphorus period, the sporophyte of L. japonica were considered to use mainly inorganic phosphorus because they comprised more than 50% of total available dissolved phosphorus. On the contrary, dissolved org ...
... ature and low phosphorus period from May to November. In the low water temperature and high phosphorus period, the sporophyte of L. japonica were considered to use mainly inorganic phosphorus because they comprised more than 50% of total available dissolved phosphorus. On the contrary, dissolved org ...
NO sensing by FNR: regulation of the Escherichia coli NO
... A putative FNR box, TTGAG----ATCAA, with a strong resemblance to the consensus FNR-binding sequence is centred at position +5.5 in the Phmp region. To determine whether the putative FNR box is actually recognized by FNR, mutations were made in which the central G (underlined above) was mutated to A, ...
... A putative FNR box, TTGAG----ATCAA, with a strong resemblance to the consensus FNR-binding sequence is centred at position +5.5 in the Phmp region. To determine whether the putative FNR box is actually recognized by FNR, mutations were made in which the central G (underlined above) was mutated to A, ...
Eram_SeyedMohammad - UWSpace
... primary structure of the genes encoding each of the POR four subunits were determined using inverse PCR and the primer-walking approaches. The deduced amino acid sequences of both PORs were compared with available sequences from other organisms. Both activities of POR and PDC were highly sensitive t ...
... primary structure of the genes encoding each of the POR four subunits were determined using inverse PCR and the primer-walking approaches. The deduced amino acid sequences of both PORs were compared with available sequences from other organisms. Both activities of POR and PDC were highly sensitive t ...
Multilevel functional and structural defects induced by two
... tRNAs in human mitochondria are less thermodynamically stable as they generally contain higher numbers of mismatched and A/U base pairs [3]. hmtRNAs are highly susceptible to point mutations, which are the primary cause of the mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with a wide range of pathologies. D ...
... tRNAs in human mitochondria are less thermodynamically stable as they generally contain higher numbers of mismatched and A/U base pairs [3]. hmtRNAs are highly susceptible to point mutations, which are the primary cause of the mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with a wide range of pathologies. D ...
Deoxyribozyme
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.