Chapter 8 Lecture
... Reaction of hexyl bromide in a polar protic solvent required heating for 24 hours to form 76% of hexyl cyanide. With a polar aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide and the less reactive hexyl chloride at room temperature for 20 minutes yielded 91 % of hexyl cyanide. ...
... Reaction of hexyl bromide in a polar protic solvent required heating for 24 hours to form 76% of hexyl cyanide. With a polar aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide and the less reactive hexyl chloride at room temperature for 20 minutes yielded 91 % of hexyl cyanide. ...
- University at Albany
... Factors influencing what products are formed Substrate/steric effects Strength of nucleophile vs. basicity of ...
... Factors influencing what products are formed Substrate/steric effects Strength of nucleophile vs. basicity of ...
Elimination Reactions
... For SN2 reactions, you saw that the nucleophile had to attack from the backside of the electrophilic site. This restriction is still valid for E2 reactions. In E2, since we are concerned with bases and not nucleophiles, this restriction reads „the proton removed must be anti-periplanar to the leavin ...
... For SN2 reactions, you saw that the nucleophile had to attack from the backside of the electrophilic site. This restriction is still valid for E2 reactions. In E2, since we are concerned with bases and not nucleophiles, this restriction reads „the proton removed must be anti-periplanar to the leavin ...
Elimination Reactions
... For SN2 reactions, you saw that the nucleophile had to attack from the backside of the electrophilic site. This restriction is still valid for E2 reactions. In E2, since we are concerned with bases and not nucleophiles, this restriction reads ‘the proton removed must be anti-periplanar to the leavin ...
... For SN2 reactions, you saw that the nucleophile had to attack from the backside of the electrophilic site. This restriction is still valid for E2 reactions. In E2, since we are concerned with bases and not nucleophiles, this restriction reads ‘the proton removed must be anti-periplanar to the leavin ...
Vibrations of some flat molecules: Symmetry types and characters of
... representations of a point group. The essential quantity in the Theory of Representations is the character. It is the sum of diagonal elements of a given matrix. The character, enables us to determine the number and the type of vibrations which a given molecule performs. The method applied in this w ...
... representations of a point group. The essential quantity in the Theory of Representations is the character. It is the sum of diagonal elements of a given matrix. The character, enables us to determine the number and the type of vibrations which a given molecule performs. The method applied in this w ...
Chapter 8 Alkenes and Alkynes II
... specific stereoisomeric form of the product l Example: cis- and trans-2-butene give stereoisomeric products when halogenated ...
... specific stereoisomeric form of the product l Example: cis- and trans-2-butene give stereoisomeric products when halogenated ...
Ch 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I
... compounds called cyanohydrins • Highly hindered ketones do not react • example. • Mechanism • This reaction is very useful in organic synthesis because the cyano group can be converted to other functionalities, plus it adds one carbon to the chain • example ...
... compounds called cyanohydrins • Highly hindered ketones do not react • example. • Mechanism • This reaction is very useful in organic synthesis because the cyano group can be converted to other functionalities, plus it adds one carbon to the chain • example ...
ENGLISH VERSION Exam Organic Chemistry 2
... place on Wednesday June 4, 2007, at 10.00-12.00 in the Erdtman-room, Organic Chemistry, Teknikringen 30, Level 7. No special registration necessary. Please note that the minimum requirement for the course have to be demonstrated in this case also. The make-up exam will take place on Thursday August ...
... place on Wednesday June 4, 2007, at 10.00-12.00 in the Erdtman-room, Organic Chemistry, Teknikringen 30, Level 7. No special registration necessary. Please note that the minimum requirement for the course have to be demonstrated in this case also. The make-up exam will take place on Thursday August ...
TOPIC 7. ELIMINATION REACTIONS (chapter 7 and parts of
... SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES: TWO (OR MORE) STEP SYNTHESES ...
... SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES: TWO (OR MORE) STEP SYNTHESES ...
Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the
... Deprotonation of the phosphonium salt with a strong base gives the ylide. A phosphorane is a neutral resonance structure of the ylide. ...
... Deprotonation of the phosphonium salt with a strong base gives the ylide. A phosphorane is a neutral resonance structure of the ylide. ...
Name: Chemistry Honors Date: Period: ____ Reduction/Oxidation
... Read this! What is electrochemistry and how can it be helpful to us? This is a question that could have a multitude of answers! As the name may suggest, electrochemistry deals with the chemistry of electrons: here electrons are and how they can move. Electrochemistry is the study of electron movemen ...
... Read this! What is electrochemistry and how can it be helpful to us? This is a question that could have a multitude of answers! As the name may suggest, electrochemistry deals with the chemistry of electrons: here electrons are and how they can move. Electrochemistry is the study of electron movemen ...
Slajd 1
... The internal energy of a collection of molecules is a state function. The difference between the internal energy of the products and the internal energy of the reactants of a chemical reaction or physical change, E, is given by the equation ...
... The internal energy of a collection of molecules is a state function. The difference between the internal energy of the products and the internal energy of the reactants of a chemical reaction or physical change, E, is given by the equation ...
Essentials of Organic Chemistry (Bruice)
... B) 1s2 2p3 C) 1s2 2s2 2p1 D) 2s2 2p3 E) 1s2 2s2 3s1 Answer: 6) Which of the following statements correctly describes the third electron shell that surrounds the nucleus of an atom? A) The third shell contains only s and p atomic orbitals. B) The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third ...
... B) 1s2 2p3 C) 1s2 2s2 2p1 D) 2s2 2p3 E) 1s2 2s2 3s1 Answer: 6) Which of the following statements correctly describes the third electron shell that surrounds the nucleus of an atom? A) The third shell contains only s and p atomic orbitals. B) The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third ...
CHEMISTRY 1000
... Solution: Use a catalyst to help break apart the hydrogen atoms. A transition metal such as Pd or Pt will do this nicely; however, these metals are *extremely* expensive and the catalysis only occurs at the surface – so, coat the metal on something cheap like charcoal to maximise catalytic surface a ...
... Solution: Use a catalyst to help break apart the hydrogen atoms. A transition metal such as Pd or Pt will do this nicely; however, these metals are *extremely* expensive and the catalysis only occurs at the surface – so, coat the metal on something cheap like charcoal to maximise catalytic surface a ...
KINETICS questions
... energy of the reactants in reaction II is also indicated on the diagram. Reaction II is endothermic, and the activation energy of reaction I is greater than that of reaction II. ...
... energy of the reactants in reaction II is also indicated on the diagram. Reaction II is endothermic, and the activation energy of reaction I is greater than that of reaction II. ...
Rate
... alignment - the reactive parts of the molecule must come in contact in the correct way. (This is often called the steric factor and is very important in large organic molecules) ...
... alignment - the reactive parts of the molecule must come in contact in the correct way. (This is often called the steric factor and is very important in large organic molecules) ...
纳米结构体系物理化学性质的理论研究方法与实例
... Thus the uncertainty in the value of the reaction coordinate at the transition state must be larger than the wavelength associated with motion along the reaction coordinate. In other words, quantum mechanically, the transition state is not localized. The uncertainty relation DEDt ħ may be analyze ...
... Thus the uncertainty in the value of the reaction coordinate at the transition state must be larger than the wavelength associated with motion along the reaction coordinate. In other words, quantum mechanically, the transition state is not localized. The uncertainty relation DEDt ħ may be analyze ...
Working with Hazardous Chemicals
... concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator (25–45 mmHg, bath temperature 45–50 °C). Residual water remaining in the organic phase is azeotropically removed during the concentration, to provide the crude product as a clear and colorless to pale yellow oil. This material is transferred ...
... concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator (25–45 mmHg, bath temperature 45–50 °C). Residual water remaining in the organic phase is azeotropically removed during the concentration, to provide the crude product as a clear and colorless to pale yellow oil. This material is transferred ...
synthesis in industry
... amine bearing a primary alkyl group in good yield. As noted above, the imido complexes are used as reagents rather than as catalysts, but the reaction provides a simple way to carry out a transformation that would require many steps by conventional organic methods. Similar reactions occur with other ...
... amine bearing a primary alkyl group in good yield. As noted above, the imido complexes are used as reagents rather than as catalysts, but the reaction provides a simple way to carry out a transformation that would require many steps by conventional organic methods. Similar reactions occur with other ...
CARBANIONS Carbanions are units that contain a negative charge
... destabilizing depending on the geometry of the anion. Thus the p-π backbonding from fluorine is maximized in planar carbanions. But fluorinated carbanions tend not to be planar. Beta fluorination increases acidity dramatically, and trifluoromethyl groups very much increase acidity. In the planar flu ...
... destabilizing depending on the geometry of the anion. Thus the p-π backbonding from fluorine is maximized in planar carbanions. But fluorinated carbanions tend not to be planar. Beta fluorination increases acidity dramatically, and trifluoromethyl groups very much increase acidity. In the planar flu ...
Woodward–Hoffmann rules
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules, devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules in organic chemistry predicting the barrier heights of pericyclic reactions based upon conservation of orbital symmetry. The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be applied to understand electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions (including cheletropic reactions), sigmatropic reactions, and group transfer reactions. Reactions are classified as allowed if the electronic barrier is low, and forbidden if the barrier is high. Forbidden reactions can still take place but require significantly more energy.The Woodward–Hoffmann rules were first formulated to explain the striking stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical control. Thermolysis of the substituted cyclobutene trans-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (1) gave only one diastereomer, the (E,E)-3,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (2) as shown below; the (Z,Z) and the (E,Z) diastereomers were not detected in the reaction. Similarly, thermolysis of cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) gave only the (E,Z) diastereomer (4).Due to their elegance and simplicity, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory; because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.