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Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways

... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
Preview Sample 1
Preview Sample 1

... 46. Electrical activity in the brain can be captured by placing multiple electrodes on the scalp and then measuring the underlying electrical activity. This method of studying the brain’s activity is called a(n)_____. A. electroencephalogram (EEG) B. positron emission tomography (PET) C. magnetic re ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.

... data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. University of Zurich www.uzh.ch (grant number 57460101) Forschungskredit, received by RHRH. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript ...
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional

... Usually, by definition, we consider an action as associated with only one goal. Bernstein (1996), for example, defined actions as ‘‘whole sequences of movements that together solve a motor problem (...) and all the movements parts of such a chain are related to each other by meaning of the problem’’. ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
Developmental structure in brain evolution

... The reason for this well-characterized relationship (Martin 1982) has always remained essentially unexplained, though there have been many intriguing attempts. The neural machinery for controlling muscles and for enervating the sensory surface might reasonably increase with some function of body siz ...
Phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance
Phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance

... Mitochondrial dysfunction hypothetically contributes to neuronal degeneration in patients with Parkinson’s disease. While several in vitro data exist, the measurement of cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction in living patients with Parkinson’s disease is challenging. Anatomical magnetic resonance imagi ...
Soltis Autism: a Spectrum of Research Abby Soltis Final Draft Senior
Soltis Autism: a Spectrum of Research Abby Soltis Final Draft Senior

... low levels of GAD67. While glutamate has been shown to initiate seizures, in this study there was no correlation between glutamate levels could be found, perhaps due to the small sample size (Purcell et al., 2001). Glutamate receptors are located in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Both regions, whic ...
PDF - Melior Pharmaceuticals
PDF - Melior Pharmaceuticals

... activity of select Merck neuroscience compounds utilizing elements of Melior's in vivo Indication Discovery platform. Under the terms of the agreement Merck will pay undisclosed fees for priority access to aspects of Melior's exclusively licensed platform. “Our agreement represents a significant opp ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex

... help of deformed rubber tubes, and explained the cerebral shape by unequal growth, competing volume demands, and resulting tension of different brain structures (His 1874). The work of His and fellow embryologists inaugurated the subject of ‘developmental mechanics’ (Entwicklungsmechanik), which emph ...
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience

... Junsuk Kim,1 Johannes Schultz,2,3 Tim Rohe,2 Christian Wallraven,1 Seong-Whan Lee,1 and Heinrich H. Bülthoff1,2 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, 136-713 Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max-Planck Institute for Biologi ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center

... et al., 2003), or Orexin-A (Huang et al., 2001). On the other hand, the lack of increase in histamine release during TMN perfusion with H3 -R antagonists observed in the dorsal striatum and NAcc, despite the fact that these brain areas receive histaminergic innervation (Panula et al., 1989), indicat ...
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism

... decreases in long-range connectivity (Belmonte et al., 2004; see also Markram and Markram, 2010; Vattikuti and Chow, 2010). The extent to which abnormal connectivity in autism spectrum disorders is limited to domain-specific social brain areas has not been directly evaluated to date. In part, this h ...
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... S. SHIPP AND S. ZEKI ...
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Hasson-JNeurosci2008.. - Center for Neural Science

... of the ever changing sensory input. In contrast, TRWs in some higher level areas should be longer, allowing them to process information from perceptual and cognitive events that unfold over time. (Note, however that the specific aim of this study was to assess the TRWs in each brain area independent ...
Short Course III - David Kleinfeld - University of California San Diego
Short Course III - David Kleinfeld - University of California San Diego

... amount of research has gone into the development of signal processing tools to quantify neuronal dynamics. These methods have been applied to a wide variety of neural signals, including EEG/MEG and single electrode recordings, as well as more contemporary multielectrode recordings or imaging techniq ...
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to

... Jones et al., 2008) and on the involvement in a secondary task (Bateni et al., ...
Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain
Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain

... technologies constrain what we can observe in imaged data, researchers can perhaps begin to design experiments that will shed a light on how consciousness emerges out of non-conscious parallel distributed processes in the brain. Manipulation of attention, expectancy, as well as short term and long t ...
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... Now of course there is a sense in which this is undeniable. If we were all brains-in-a-vat, and absolutely everything were as if our brains had a body, a virtual body would be as good as a real one. In that case none of us could tell whether we were brains-in-a-vat. But that kind of virtual reality ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks

... In their effort to build intelligent machines scientists have been inspired by the human brain model - trying to simulate it on a computer. ANN are simple models of a collection of brain cells. They have some of the same basic properties of the brain cells, and are able to learn, classify, recognize ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and

... connectivity of the PPN region in humans. This technique is an effective noninvasive method for examining anatomical connections of clinically important structures in the human nervous system. Although the results from our investigation of diffusion weighted imaging in humans in general agree with t ...
Comparing functional connectivity via thresholding correlations and
Comparing functional connectivity via thresholding correlations and

... connectivity between two regions of the brain on the basis of similar functional response. For example, if two regions of the brain show similar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements over time, then we could say that they are functionally connected, even though there may be no di ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal

... ‘Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and *Department of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, and Veterans’ Administration Medical Center-Wadsworth, Los Angeles ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
Combining electroencephalographic activity and

... Boston, MA, USA 3 University of Padua, Padua, Italy GV, 0000-0001-6574-1879 Emotion perception, occurring in brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, involves autonomic responses affecting cardiovascular dynamics. However, how such brain–heart dynamics is further modulated by emotiona ...
Where in the brain is morality?
Where in the brain is morality?

... Correspondence should be addressed to: Liane Young, Department of Psychology, Boston College, McGuinn 326, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Thanks to Jesse Prinz for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of

... that are tuned to perceptual invariances (e. g., Quiroga et al., 2005) and modeling neural interactions with discrete networks of simulated neurons. These and related studies have given a vivid picture of cortex as a mosaic of modules (Calvin, 1996), each of which performs a sensory or motor functio ...
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Neuroinformatics

Neuroinformatics is a research field concerned with the organization of neuroscience data by the application of computational models and analytical tools. These areas of research are important for the integration and analysis of increasingly large-volume, high-dimensional, and fine-grain experimental data. Neuroinformaticians provide computational tools, mathematical models, and create interoperable databases for clinicians and research scientists. Neuroscience is a heterogeneous field, consisting of many and various sub-disciplines (e.g., Cognitive Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, and Behavioral Genetics). In order for our understanding of the brain to continue to deepen, it is necessary that these sub-disciplines are able to share data and findings in a meaningful way; Neuroinformaticians facilitate this.Neuroinformatics stands at the intersection of neuroscience and information science. Other fields, like genomics, have demonstrated the effectiveness of freely-distributed databases and the application of theoretical and computational models for solving complex problems. In Neuroinformatics, such facilities allow researchers to more easily quantitatively confirm their working theories by computational modeling. Additionally, neuroinformatics fosters collaborative research—an important fact that facilitates the field's interest in studying the multi-level complexity of the brain.There are three main directions where neuroinformatics has to be applied: the development of tools and databases for management and sharing of neuroscience data at all levels of analysis, the development of tools for analyzing and modeling neuroscience data, the development of computational models of the nervous system and neural processes.In the recent decade, as vast amounts of diverse data about the brain were gathered by many research groups, the problem was raised of how to integrate the data from thousands of publications in order to enable efficient tools for further research. The biological and neuroscience data are highly interconnected and complex, and by itself, integration represents a great challenge for scientists.Combining informatics research and brain research provides benefits for both fields of science. On one hand, informatics facilitates brain data processing and data handling, by providing new electronic and software technologies for arranging databases, modeling and communication in brain research. On the other hand, enhanced discoveries in the field of neuroscience will invoke the development of new methods in information technologies (IT).
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