Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... rather to provide a framework within which the specific functions of each system can be studied. Theories of memory are often confined to ideas about how information is stored in the brain or about how knowledge is organized as a cognitive process; the present approach also considers the functions o ...
... rather to provide a framework within which the specific functions of each system can be studied. Theories of memory are often confined to ideas about how information is stored in the brain or about how knowledge is organized as a cognitive process; the present approach also considers the functions o ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... excitable cells in heterologous systems. Initial work in the field used naturally occurring photosensitive proteins such as channelrhodopsin (ChR) [6] and halorhodopsin (HR) [5] to induce activation or inhibition of neural activity in mammalian neurons and this has opened up a rapidly expanding fiel ...
... excitable cells in heterologous systems. Initial work in the field used naturally occurring photosensitive proteins such as channelrhodopsin (ChR) [6] and halorhodopsin (HR) [5] to induce activation or inhibition of neural activity in mammalian neurons and this has opened up a rapidly expanding fiel ...
Epilepsy - OMICS International
... terminate within minutes suggests that better understanding of the brain’s own control mechanisms and the way they put an end to a rebellion of ...
... terminate within minutes suggests that better understanding of the brain’s own control mechanisms and the way they put an end to a rebellion of ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... the demands of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the neural correlates of pragmatic, semantic (SR), and syntactic (subcategorization) processing within spoken sentences. Nine subjects completed three experiments in which blocks of normal sentences were contrasted, in an alternati ...
... the demands of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the neural correlates of pragmatic, semantic (SR), and syntactic (subcategorization) processing within spoken sentences. Nine subjects completed three experiments in which blocks of normal sentences were contrasted, in an alternati ...
Reinforcement learning, conditioning, and the brain
... reinforcement learning. An understanding of related formal tools, such as Markov decision processes, can also be beneficial for the design of experiments in these areas, because these tools can rigorously describe task contingencies that are vastly more complex than those typically devised by psycho ...
... reinforcement learning. An understanding of related formal tools, such as Markov decision processes, can also be beneficial for the design of experiments in these areas, because these tools can rigorously describe task contingencies that are vastly more complex than those typically devised by psycho ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
365 Brainy Fact-A
... --The expression "memorize by heart" is derived from the old belief that the heart, not the brain, was important for memory. Also, the word "record" comes from the Latin word for "heart." ...
... --The expression "memorize by heart" is derived from the old belief that the heart, not the brain, was important for memory. Also, the word "record" comes from the Latin word for "heart." ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... against adverse events, induce structural recovery and are essential for cognitive performance (de Kloet, Oitzl, & Joels, 1999; Faraji, Lehmann, Metz, & Sutherland, 2009; Roozendaal, 2000). On the other hand, the central action of corticosteroids has mostly been portrayed as damaging and disruptive ...
... against adverse events, induce structural recovery and are essential for cognitive performance (de Kloet, Oitzl, & Joels, 1999; Faraji, Lehmann, Metz, & Sutherland, 2009; Roozendaal, 2000). On the other hand, the central action of corticosteroids has mostly been portrayed as damaging and disruptive ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... evolved biological system, the goal of vision is not to produce a veridical description of the external world but a description that facilitates adaptive behavior. Those aspects of the input that contain information critical for behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little informa ...
... evolved biological system, the goal of vision is not to produce a veridical description of the external world but a description that facilitates adaptive behavior. Those aspects of the input that contain information critical for behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little informa ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams? • Sleep also plays an important role in enhancing learning and strengthening memory. – Performance on a newly learned task is often better the next day if adequate sleep is achieved during the night. • Increased brain activity occurs in the area of the brain activate ...
... Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams? • Sleep also plays an important role in enhancing learning and strengthening memory. – Performance on a newly learned task is often better the next day if adequate sleep is achieved during the night. • Increased brain activity occurs in the area of the brain activate ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... this, greater activity in DMN regions (and MPFC specifically) at baseline may provide individuals with a means to cope with situational selfthreats by either accurately retrieving past experiences associated with success or via self-enhancing and recalling past behavioral outcomes as better than the ...
... this, greater activity in DMN regions (and MPFC specifically) at baseline may provide individuals with a means to cope with situational selfthreats by either accurately retrieving past experiences associated with success or via self-enhancing and recalling past behavioral outcomes as better than the ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... young adulthood, especially by examining possible convergence of promising SZ genetic susceptibility factors at the functional levels in vivo. The extraordinary advances in the field over the past 1–2 years enable us to provide an overview of these issues. In particular, we focus on the significance ...
... young adulthood, especially by examining possible convergence of promising SZ genetic susceptibility factors at the functional levels in vivo. The extraordinary advances in the field over the past 1–2 years enable us to provide an overview of these issues. In particular, we focus on the significance ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... OA, respectively, while changing the proposed location of their borders slightly (Fig. 1, right). In the mPOC in particular, the territory of area OB was expanded, occupying a larger part of the mesial surface of the hemisphere (see the right, bottom part of Fig. 1). ...
... OA, respectively, while changing the proposed location of their borders slightly (Fig. 1, right). In the mPOC in particular, the territory of area OB was expanded, occupying a larger part of the mesial surface of the hemisphere (see the right, bottom part of Fig. 1). ...
Stop-Signal Task - Gemstone Honors Program
... pharmacological manipulation of prefrontal cortex, notably the dPL, suggesting an association of the prefrontal cortex with response inhibition (Aron & Poldrack, 2004; Bari et al., 2011). Unfortunately, no single neuron recording study has been performed in conjunction with performance on the stop-s ...
... pharmacological manipulation of prefrontal cortex, notably the dPL, suggesting an association of the prefrontal cortex with response inhibition (Aron & Poldrack, 2004; Bari et al., 2011). Unfortunately, no single neuron recording study has been performed in conjunction with performance on the stop-s ...
Cover page
... priming of cortical sensory representations may arise from amygdalar and hypothalamic synaptic inputs to cortex, as well as from local hormonal and neuromodulatory actions on specific cortical neurons. To monitor motivation-related changes in neural activity in the same large populations of neurons ...
... priming of cortical sensory representations may arise from amygdalar and hypothalamic synaptic inputs to cortex, as well as from local hormonal and neuromodulatory actions on specific cortical neurons. To monitor motivation-related changes in neural activity in the same large populations of neurons ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across many levels of neuronal organization, rather than on a single brai ...
... recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across many levels of neuronal organization, rather than on a single brai ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... One of the first activation studies of cognitive aging was that of Grady et al. (1994) on visual perception. During face matching, older adults showed weaker activity than younger adults showed in the occipital cortex but stronger activity in more anterior brain ...
... One of the first activation studies of cognitive aging was that of Grady et al. (1994) on visual perception. During face matching, older adults showed weaker activity than younger adults showed in the occipital cortex but stronger activity in more anterior brain ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... NO-GO decision, movement execution proceeds unimpeded in the GO condition, whereas the motor system is restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly supporting this scenario have been lacking. Single unit evid ...
... NO-GO decision, movement execution proceeds unimpeded in the GO condition, whereas the motor system is restored back to its prestimulus state by the prefrontal NO-GO signal in the NO-GO condition. Thus far, however, empirical data directly supporting this scenario have been lacking. Single unit evid ...
Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two
... institution (instructors read a script describing the task). We used event-related hyperscan-fMRI (hfMRI) to monitor homologous regions of two subjects_ brains simultaneously as they played the multiround trust game (19) (fig. S1). The motivating idea behind this approach is simple: To probe neural ...
... institution (instructors read a script describing the task). We used event-related hyperscan-fMRI (hfMRI) to monitor homologous regions of two subjects_ brains simultaneously as they played the multiround trust game (19) (fig. S1). The motivating idea behind this approach is simple: To probe neural ...
PDF
... models 1) generate predictions regarding the molar and molecular forms of optimal behavior, 2) suggests a means by which optimal prediction and action selection can be achieved, and 3) expose explicitly the computations that must be realized in the service of these. Different from (and complementary ...
... models 1) generate predictions regarding the molar and molecular forms of optimal behavior, 2) suggests a means by which optimal prediction and action selection can be achieved, and 3) expose explicitly the computations that must be realized in the service of these. Different from (and complementary ...
Reticular formation,sleep and wakefulness
... which a person can be aroused by sensory or other stimuli; • Has multiple stages: from very deep to very light sleep; • It’s divided into two entirely different types of sleep that have different quantities & alternate: slow- wave sleep (NREM) & rapid eye movement sleep ( REM). ...
... which a person can be aroused by sensory or other stimuli; • Has multiple stages: from very deep to very light sleep; • It’s divided into two entirely different types of sleep that have different quantities & alternate: slow- wave sleep (NREM) & rapid eye movement sleep ( REM). ...
Neurophysiological correlates of hypnotic analgesia
... The advance in our understanding of pain mechanisms had lead to improved methods of management by allowing more efficient usage of other therapies like hypnosis. Hypnosis researchers have long sought for physiological indicators of the hypnotic analgesia. Such studies have monitored the effect of hy ...
... The advance in our understanding of pain mechanisms had lead to improved methods of management by allowing more efficient usage of other therapies like hypnosis. Hypnosis researchers have long sought for physiological indicators of the hypnotic analgesia. Such studies have monitored the effect of hy ...
Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1
... evolution, so long as we are willing and able to approach the task with the level of sophistication demanded by it. Given this complexity and our still primitive understanding of brain organization and function, we must be prepared to integrate information from a variety of subfields of neuroscience ...
... evolution, so long as we are willing and able to approach the task with the level of sophistication demanded by it. Given this complexity and our still primitive understanding of brain organization and function, we must be prepared to integrate information from a variety of subfields of neuroscience ...
Postictal behavioural impairments are due to a severe prolonged
... Long-lasting severe hypoxia follows spontaneous and evoked seizures A bipolar electrode and oxygen-sensing probe (optode) were chronically implanted into CA1 and CA3, respectively, of the dorsal hippocampus (Figure 1L). The optode continuously recorded the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2 in mmHg) in ...
... Long-lasting severe hypoxia follows spontaneous and evoked seizures A bipolar electrode and oxygen-sensing probe (optode) were chronically implanted into CA1 and CA3, respectively, of the dorsal hippocampus (Figure 1L). The optode continuously recorded the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2 in mmHg) in ...