Introduction
... event which is required for cytochrome c release in response to DNA damage in sympathetic neurons14, we anticipated that p53 deficient neurons might be resistant to apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this known premitochondrial function of p53 in neurons, while t ...
... event which is required for cytochrome c release in response to DNA damage in sympathetic neurons14, we anticipated that p53 deficient neurons might be resistant to apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this known premitochondrial function of p53 in neurons, while t ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... functions. Proper function of the brain relies on the establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have be ...
... functions. Proper function of the brain relies on the establishment of complicated networks among different types of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have be ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
The Central Nervous System
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... This review summarizes recent work on two basic processes of central nervous system (CNS) control of cholinergic outflow to the airways: 1) transmission of bronchoconstrictive signals from the airways to the airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to ex ...
... This review summarizes recent work on two basic processes of central nervous system (CNS) control of cholinergic outflow to the airways: 1) transmission of bronchoconstrictive signals from the airways to the airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to ex ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... Alonso, 1999) has been demonstrated to interplay with the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, Ih (Dickson et al., 2000), to generate subthreshold membranepotential oscillations in a frequency range corresponding to the theta band (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Klink and Alonso, 1993; Dickson et a ...
... Alonso, 1999) has been demonstrated to interplay with the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, Ih (Dickson et al., 2000), to generate subthreshold membranepotential oscillations in a frequency range corresponding to the theta band (Alonso and Llinás, 1989; Klink and Alonso, 1993; Dickson et a ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... implemented over a similar period in the sympathetic pathways of conscious humans by Gunnar Wallin and his colleagues in Göteborg. While pathways to the viscera are currently too hard to study in humans because they are less accessible, the principles of their organization can be deduced from Wilfr ...
... implemented over a similar period in the sympathetic pathways of conscious humans by Gunnar Wallin and his colleagues in Göteborg. While pathways to the viscera are currently too hard to study in humans because they are less accessible, the principles of their organization can be deduced from Wilfr ...
Dysregulating Factors
... of BKCa and LTCC channels on plasma membrane, and in additon excessive calcium levels as result from either extracellular space or intracellular store-released, are known to modulate functioning of potassium channels [15141163, 16828974, 15486093] (see also Epilepsy). It may be worth noting that KCN ...
... of BKCa and LTCC channels on plasma membrane, and in additon excessive calcium levels as result from either extracellular space or intracellular store-released, are known to modulate functioning of potassium channels [15141163, 16828974, 15486093] (see also Epilepsy). It may be worth noting that KCN ...
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... sensory function [2]. The ventral ganglion is an elongate structure lying between the basement membrane and the epidermis. Two main connectives link it with the brain ganglia and two other nerve tracts continue caudally (Fig. 2A, B) [19,23]. Similar to the brain, the ventral ganglion consists of a c ...
... sensory function [2]. The ventral ganglion is an elongate structure lying between the basement membrane and the epidermis. Two main connectives link it with the brain ganglia and two other nerve tracts continue caudally (Fig. 2A, B) [19,23]. Similar to the brain, the ventral ganglion consists of a c ...
File
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
File
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
... In your research, you discover that the insecticide you used contains a permanent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the synapse after the signal is received. Exposure to hig ...
Toxin-Resistant Sodium Channels: Parallel Adaptive Evolution
... burn-in asymptote was determined by plotting tree number against log likelihood. Trees saved before the burn-in asymptote were discarded, and a majority rule consensus of the remaining trees was calculated to estimate posterior probabilities. Four replicates of these Bayesian runs were conducted to ...
... burn-in asymptote was determined by plotting tree number against log likelihood. Trees saved before the burn-in asymptote were discarded, and a majority rule consensus of the remaining trees was calculated to estimate posterior probabilities. Four replicates of these Bayesian runs were conducted to ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... bidirectionality that allows the nerve net to be unpolarized in terms of the direction of propagation of activity. Romanes (1885) was aware that the nerve net is made up of individual, discrete neurons, and that these neurons share some type of physiological connectivity throughout the nerve net. Fr ...
... bidirectionality that allows the nerve net to be unpolarized in terms of the direction of propagation of activity. Romanes (1885) was aware that the nerve net is made up of individual, discrete neurons, and that these neurons share some type of physiological connectivity throughout the nerve net. Fr ...
Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Developing Cerebellum
... within tissues for cellular uptake. Conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is a two steps process, which involves oxidation of retinol to retinal catalyzed by the enzyme retinol dehydrogenase and subsequent retinal oxidization to retinoic acid by the enzyme retinal dehydrogenase. Retinoic acid binds ...
... within tissues for cellular uptake. Conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is a two steps process, which involves oxidation of retinol to retinal catalyzed by the enzyme retinol dehydrogenase and subsequent retinal oxidization to retinoic acid by the enzyme retinal dehydrogenase. Retinoic acid binds ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge and washed three times by resuspension in 1 ml GCM containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin ŽBSA. and centrifugation. After the last centrifugation step, the cells were resuspended in 1 ml GCM and counted. The stained cells were dil ...
... stained cells were quickly pelleted for 10 s in an eppendorf centrifuge and washed three times by resuspension in 1 ml GCM containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin ŽBSA. and centrifugation. After the last centrifugation step, the cells were resuspended in 1 ml GCM and counted. The stained cells were dil ...
slides
... disorders caused by dmg to the brain early on • spinal cord injury – fractures or displacements of the vertebrae can result in injury to the spinal cord ...
... disorders caused by dmg to the brain early on • spinal cord injury – fractures or displacements of the vertebrae can result in injury to the spinal cord ...
The Nervous System
... What is the function of neurotransmitters? ANSWER: Neurotransmitters cause muscles to contract or relax, cause glands to secret products, activate neurons to send nerve impulses, or inhibit neurons from sending them. ...
... What is the function of neurotransmitters? ANSWER: Neurotransmitters cause muscles to contract or relax, cause glands to secret products, activate neurons to send nerve impulses, or inhibit neurons from sending them. ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postgan ...
... Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postgan ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... and thus cause postsynaptic depolarization. Most AMPARs in CNS contain GluR2 subunit and are permeable to Na + and K + , but not Ca2 + , whereas those AMPARs without GluR2 subunit are permeable to Ca2 + , in addition to Na + and K + [15]. Fast inhibitory neurotransmission is mainly mediated by ionot ...
... and thus cause postsynaptic depolarization. Most AMPARs in CNS contain GluR2 subunit and are permeable to Na + and K + , but not Ca2 + , whereas those AMPARs without GluR2 subunit are permeable to Ca2 + , in addition to Na + and K + [15]. Fast inhibitory neurotransmission is mainly mediated by ionot ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... demonstrate that ATP13A2 is localized to intracellular acidic vesicular compartments in cultured neurons. In the human brain, ATP13A2 is localized to pyramidal neurons within the cerebral cortex and dopaminergic and cortical pyramidal neurons of Parkinson’s disease brains compared to normal control ...
... demonstrate that ATP13A2 is localized to intracellular acidic vesicular compartments in cultured neurons. In the human brain, ATP13A2 is localized to pyramidal neurons within the cerebral cortex and dopaminergic and cortical pyramidal neurons of Parkinson’s disease brains compared to normal control ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... our findings with the known distributions of AChEcontaining neurons (Jacobowitz and Palkovits, 1974) indicated that several areas rich in AChE-positive neurons did not contain ChAT-positive neurons. In view of the widespread use of histochemical staining procedures for AChE to study “cholinergic” ne ...
... our findings with the known distributions of AChEcontaining neurons (Jacobowitz and Palkovits, 1974) indicated that several areas rich in AChE-positive neurons did not contain ChAT-positive neurons. In view of the widespread use of histochemical staining procedures for AChE to study “cholinergic” ne ...
Aspartame and Neuordegenerative Diseases
... G.D. Searle had invested 19.7 million dollars in an incomplete production facility and 9.2. million dollars in Aspartame inventory (Farber, 1989). Donald Rumsfeld, a former member of the U.S. Congress and the Chief of Staff during the Gerald Ford Administration, was hired as president of G.D. Searle ...
... G.D. Searle had invested 19.7 million dollars in an incomplete production facility and 9.2. million dollars in Aspartame inventory (Farber, 1989). Donald Rumsfeld, a former member of the U.S. Congress and the Chief of Staff during the Gerald Ford Administration, was hired as president of G.D. Searle ...
Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are substances that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue. Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contact, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), Manganese glutamate, nitric oxide (NO), botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations.Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage. Macroscopic manifestations of neurotoxin exposure can include widespread central nervous system damage such as intellectual disability, persistent memory impairments, epilepsy, and dementia. Additionally, neurotoxin-mediated peripheral nervous system damage such as neuropathy or myopathy is common. Support has been shown for a number of treatments aimed at attenuating neurotoxin-mediated injury, such as antioxidant, and antitoxin administration.