Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... chemical from the vagus, which was made even clearer by allowing the fluid perfused through one frog heart to drip onto a second one and establishing that when the first heart was slowed by stimulating its vagus the fluid from it also slowed the second heart when that was reached. Loewi did not iden ...
... chemical from the vagus, which was made even clearer by allowing the fluid perfused through one frog heart to drip onto a second one and establishing that when the first heart was slowed by stimulating its vagus the fluid from it also slowed the second heart when that was reached. Loewi did not iden ...
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... 1. The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. a) brain; spinal cord b) autonomic; somatic nervous systems c) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system d) glands; muscles 2. Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell? a) axon ...
... 1. The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. a) brain; spinal cord b) autonomic; somatic nervous systems c) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system d) glands; muscles 2. Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell? a) axon ...
Central Role of Glutamate Metabolism in the Maintenance of
... the concentration of this amino acid in the cerebral extracellular fluid must be kept low—typically µM. The remarkable gradient of glutamate in the different cerebral compartments: vesicles > cytosol/ mitochondria > extracellular fluid attests to the extraordinary effectiveness of glutamate transpor ...
... the concentration of this amino acid in the cerebral extracellular fluid must be kept low—typically µM. The remarkable gradient of glutamate in the different cerebral compartments: vesicles > cytosol/ mitochondria > extracellular fluid attests to the extraordinary effectiveness of glutamate transpor ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... Learning Objective 2.1 - What are the nervous system, neurons, and nerves, and how do they relate to one another? 1. The function of the ________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body. a) soma Incorrect. The primary responsibility of the soma is to maintain the life of the neuron ...
... Learning Objective 2.1 - What are the nervous system, neurons, and nerves, and how do they relate to one another? 1. The function of the ________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body. a) soma Incorrect. The primary responsibility of the soma is to maintain the life of the neuron ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... timed presynaptic Ca2+ current results in a large, fast postsynaptic response (Llinas et al., 1981; Sabatini and Regehr, 1996), whereas the slower asynchronous component, resulting from residual Ca2+ remaining in the terminal after an action potential, provides a basal or tonic level of neurotransmi ...
... timed presynaptic Ca2+ current results in a large, fast postsynaptic response (Llinas et al., 1981; Sabatini and Regehr, 1996), whereas the slower asynchronous component, resulting from residual Ca2+ remaining in the terminal after an action potential, provides a basal or tonic level of neurotransmi ...
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... by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in proton concentration. A recently uncovered mechanism relies on the expression by RTN neurons of a proton-operated G protein-coupled receptor (GPR4) and a proton-sensitive resting potassium conductance (TASK-2). Acidification also activates ve ...
... by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in proton concentration. A recently uncovered mechanism relies on the expression by RTN neurons of a proton-operated G protein-coupled receptor (GPR4) and a proton-sensitive resting potassium conductance (TASK-2). Acidification also activates ve ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent deacetylases and have been associated with longevity. SIRT1 is one of the best-characterized sirtuins expressed in mammals, and may be involved in the regulation of metabolism. Resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator reduced hyperglycemia likely through a ...
... of the autonomic output. Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent deacetylases and have been associated with longevity. SIRT1 is one of the best-characterized sirtuins expressed in mammals, and may be involved in the regulation of metabolism. Resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator reduced hyperglycemia likely through a ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... To objectively quantif y the spatial distribution of FLI neurons within each coronal section, we parceled the traced gNST in each section into six “subfields” based on its dimensions (Fig. 1a). The gNST was first divided into three equal segments by drawing two lines perpendicular to the long axis o ...
... To objectively quantif y the spatial distribution of FLI neurons within each coronal section, we parceled the traced gNST in each section into six “subfields” based on its dimensions (Fig. 1a). The gNST was first divided into three equal segments by drawing two lines perpendicular to the long axis o ...
Autonomic nervous system
... – Axons of sensory neurons – Dorsal root ganglion ~ cell bodies of sensory neurons © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarde ...
... – Axons of sensory neurons – Dorsal root ganglion ~ cell bodies of sensory neurons © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarde ...
Autonomic nervous system
... – Axons of sensory neurons – Dorsal root ganglion ~ cell bodies of sensory neurons © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarde ...
... – Axons of sensory neurons – Dorsal root ganglion ~ cell bodies of sensory neurons © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarde ...
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... excitations with a 400 nm dichroic mirror and emitted light was collected with a long pass filter of 450 nm. The details are described previously (Park et al., 2002). The ratio (340/380) of fluorescence intensities measured at the cell bodies was calibrated with the maximum and minimum ratio values ...
... excitations with a 400 nm dichroic mirror and emitted light was collected with a long pass filter of 450 nm. The details are described previously (Park et al., 2002). The ratio (340/380) of fluorescence intensities measured at the cell bodies was calibrated with the maximum and minimum ratio values ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... energy stores and acute energy balance. Circulating leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through activation of receptors in hypothalamic and brain stem neurons (16) . The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, was isolated from choroid plexus by expression cloning and is ...
... energy stores and acute energy balance. Circulating leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through activation of receptors in hypothalamic and brain stem neurons (16) . The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, was isolated from choroid plexus by expression cloning and is ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... the total cases each year, while HT secondary to other causes, including elevated aldosterone or glucocorticoid levels (secondary HT) accounts for the remaining 10% (Gomez-Sanchez et al., 2010). Between 5-30% of hypertensive patients have HT that cannot be controlled (resistant HT) (Laurent et al., ...
... the total cases each year, while HT secondary to other causes, including elevated aldosterone or glucocorticoid levels (secondary HT) accounts for the remaining 10% (Gomez-Sanchez et al., 2010). Between 5-30% of hypertensive patients have HT that cannot be controlled (resistant HT) (Laurent et al., ...
Learning-related postburst afterhyperpolarization reduction in CA1
... PKA is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase that has been extensively studied for its role in the late phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and long-term memory (6, 25, 44). PKA has also been shown to effectively reduce the AHP in hippocampal pyramidal neurons (23, 45). Recently, Lin et al. (46) demon ...
... PKA is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase that has been extensively studied for its role in the late phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP) and long-term memory (6, 25, 44). PKA has also been shown to effectively reduce the AHP in hippocampal pyramidal neurons (23, 45). Recently, Lin et al. (46) demon ...
morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated
... stabilizing chemical and potassium permangenate were two fixatives that caused minimal disruption to neural tissue. These two fixating methods were applied to control neural tissue as well as tissues exposed to 0.137M and 0.685M hydrocortisone. When evaluated by TEM, the control tissue appeared to ...
... stabilizing chemical and potassium permangenate were two fixatives that caused minimal disruption to neural tissue. These two fixating methods were applied to control neural tissue as well as tissues exposed to 0.137M and 0.685M hydrocortisone. When evaluated by TEM, the control tissue appeared to ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... and Fresno, 1998; Dopp et al, 1997). The neuronspecific constitutive TNF-α expression, in conjunction with the broader cell-type and regional expression of TNFRs, suggests a functional, regulatory role for TNF-α. In developing rodent brain, TNF-α is transiently expressed at high levels in immature e ...
... and Fresno, 1998; Dopp et al, 1997). The neuronspecific constitutive TNF-α expression, in conjunction with the broader cell-type and regional expression of TNFRs, suggests a functional, regulatory role for TNF-α. In developing rodent brain, TNF-α is transiently expressed at high levels in immature e ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... thermoregulatory mechanism has remained mysterious ever since it has been first proposed. This doctoral thesis aims to identify the key signaling molecules underlying the thermosensitivity of warm-sensitive preoptic neurons and the corresponding thermoregulatory mechanisms. In this work, temperature ...
... thermoregulatory mechanism has remained mysterious ever since it has been first proposed. This doctoral thesis aims to identify the key signaling molecules underlying the thermosensitivity of warm-sensitive preoptic neurons and the corresponding thermoregulatory mechanisms. In this work, temperature ...
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... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Sample
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
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... form selective pores in the neuronal membrane and confer diverse properties of intrinsic neuronal excitability. This allows mammalian neurons to display a richness of firing behaviors over a wide range of stimuli and firing frequencies. The complex electrical behavior of mammalian neurons is due to ...
... form selective pores in the neuronal membrane and confer diverse properties of intrinsic neuronal excitability. This allows mammalian neurons to display a richness of firing behaviors over a wide range of stimuli and firing frequencies. The complex electrical behavior of mammalian neurons is due to ...
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... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
... Incorrect. Myelin cells do not serve as a structure on which neurons develop and work. ANS: c, p. 44, F, LO=2.1, (2) 20. What is the function of myelin? a) to serve as a structure for neurons Incorrect. This is the function of glial cells, not myelin. b) to monitor neural activity c) to speed up the ...
Thesis - HuVetA
... The hypothalamus plays a key role in the central regulation of various homeostatic systems and related functions, such as energy metabolism, reproduction and sleep-wake behavior. Our research group has investigated the neuronal mechanisms underlying the hypothalamic regulation of gonadotropin-releas ...
... The hypothalamus plays a key role in the central regulation of various homeostatic systems and related functions, such as energy metabolism, reproduction and sleep-wake behavior. Our research group has investigated the neuronal mechanisms underlying the hypothalamic regulation of gonadotropin-releas ...
Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are substances that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue. Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. The term can also be used to classify endogenous compounds, which, when abnormally contact, can prove neurologically toxic. Though neurotoxins are often neurologically destructive, their ability to specifically target neural components is important in the study of nervous systems. Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, ethanol (drinking alcohol), Manganese glutamate, nitric oxide (NO), botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive concentrations.Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage. Macroscopic manifestations of neurotoxin exposure can include widespread central nervous system damage such as intellectual disability, persistent memory impairments, epilepsy, and dementia. Additionally, neurotoxin-mediated peripheral nervous system damage such as neuropathy or myopathy is common. Support has been shown for a number of treatments aimed at attenuating neurotoxin-mediated injury, such as antioxidant, and antitoxin administration.