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... the  cutAndSplice  method.   The   code   given   to   you   will   pop-­‐up   a   file-­‐dialog   box   —   when   run   you   can   use   this   to   navigate   to   either  ecolimed.dat,   which   is   a   smaller   strand  of  DNA   ...
AminoAcidMetabolismFIN2011
AminoAcidMetabolismFIN2011

... 2. However, rather than oxidatively deaminating glutamate to form ammonium ion, the a-amino group is transferred to pyruvate to form alanine. 3. The liver takes up the alanine, and converts it back to pyruvate by another transamination reaction. 4. The pyruvate can be used for gluconeogenesis, and t ...
ASPARAGINASE FROM ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE ENCODED BY
ASPARAGINASE FROM ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE ENCODED BY

... To reduce the potential for producing secondary metabolites, strain JaL 228 was exposed to γradiation and screened for cyclopiazonic acid production. A mutant deficient in cyclopiazonic acid synthesis (designated as BECh1) was selected and analyzed using standard genetic methods. The genetic analysi ...
Holbert, Daniel: Detecting motifs with EMOTIF-MAKER and MASIA: A critical comparison of two tools for finding protein motifs
Holbert, Daniel: Detecting motifs with EMOTIF-MAKER and MASIA: A critical comparison of two tools for finding protein motifs

... at which the human sequences all agreed with each other but differed from the bacterial sequence. As a result, the average values incorporated into the motif profile would be skewed in favor of the human sequences because these sequences would "outvote" the bacterial sequence. One simple way in whic ...
20.15 Enhancers contain the same elements that are
20.15 Enhancers contain the same elements that are

... Now we take the view that enhancer function involves the same sort of interaction with the basal apparatus as the interactions sponsored by upstream promoter elements. Enhancers are modular, like promoters. Some elements are found in both enhancers and promoters. Some individual elements found in pr ...
UNIT- V - Bhoj University
UNIT- V - Bhoj University

... cells, liver cells, stomach cells, and the list goes on. All of these cells have unique functions and features. And all have some recognizable similarities. All cells have an outer covering called the plasma membrane, protecting it from the outside environment. The cell membrane regulates the moveme ...
IS Elements
IS Elements

... Causes Target Site Duplication Two different way to cut DNA by restriction enzymes: -blunt ends -over hanging ends -(sticky ends) ...
Some Properties of a Gram-Negative Heterotrophic
Some Properties of a Gram-Negative Heterotrophic

... intermediate substance (absorption maximum 475 mp) formed by the action of the enzyme on tyrosine. The activity measured in this way was greatest near pH 5 - 5 but subsequent polymerization to melanin was faster at more alkaline pH values. As with tyrosinases from other sources, the enzyme required ...
Archives of Microbiology 167:
Archives of Microbiology 167:

... plasmids; one appeared to be of the predicted 12-kb size, while the other was larger. Efforts to stabilize the desired plasmid by growth on either rich or minimal medium or by lowered temperature (30° C) were not successful. We were, however, able to clone smaller fragments (2.2- and 1.5-kb HindIII ...
The Nucleotide Sequence of a Type 3 Poliovirus Isolated During a
The Nucleotide Sequence of a Type 3 Poliovirus Isolated During a

... (Toyoda et al., 1984). The amino acid homologies between the individual proteins of strain 23127 and these viruses are shown in Table 1. Overall, in confirmation of the serotyping, 23127 most closely resembles P3/Leon/37. This is particularly evident in the capsid proteins where the level of homolog ...
The Nucleotide Sequence of a Type 3 Poliovirus Isolated During a
The Nucleotide Sequence of a Type 3 Poliovirus Isolated During a

... (Toyoda et al., 1984). The amino acid homologies between the individual proteins of strain 23127 and these viruses are shown in Table 1. Overall, in confirmation of the serotyping, 23127 most closely resembles P3/Leon/37. This is particularly evident in the capsid proteins where the level of homolog ...
Nucleotides
Nucleotides

... HN H2N ...
A novel gene encoding a 54 kDa polypeptide is
A novel gene encoding a 54 kDa polypeptide is

... samples collected from oilfields. Three of them have been identified as Rhodococcus sp. IMT35, Pseudomonas sp. IMT37 and Pseudomonas sp. IMT40. SDS-PAGE analysis of the membrane of Rhodococcus sp. IMT35 revealed the presence of at least four polypeptides induced by propane. Polyclonal antibody raise ...
Abstract-- Lactic acid bacteria are characterized
Abstract-- Lactic acid bacteria are characterized

... argentinean wines was determined. Cells were growth in synthetic media and in the same media added with the following dipeptides: leucine-leucine; leucine-proline; methionine-proline and glycineglycine. In the complete medium, P. pentosaceus c1 reached a final biomass of 1x108 cfu ml-1 with a growth ...
Acid - Net Texts
Acid - Net Texts

... Common examples of acids include acetic acid (in vinegar), sulfuric acid (used in car batteries), and tartaric acid (used in baking). As these Zinc, a typical metal, reacting with hydrochloric three examples show, acids can be solutions, liquids, or solids. Gases acid, a typical acid such as hydroge ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... protein crystallography, Linus Pauling in the United States, John Randall and Maurice Wilkins at the King's College, London, to name a few, working on similar problems. One of the central problems in biology was to explain how genetic information is replicated and transmitted from generation to gene ...


... FAO/WHO 1991 reference pattern. All Pisum sativum seeds used in this study had relatively high essential and non-essential amino acids, with the exception of cysteine and methionine. The observation of relatively low concentrations of methionine and cysteine in legumes has been reported many researc ...
Винницкий национальный медицинский университет им
Винницкий национальный медицинский университет им

... To explain the reactivity of biological active substances using the mechanism. To compare the reactivity of biological active substances 3. Actual aims and abilities: - to explain the dependence of the reactivity on nature of chemical bond and type of functional group To apply the knowledge of mecha ...
achondroplasia
achondroplasia

... established the Double Helix structure of DNA. Two antiparallel sugar phosphate chains wind around the outside of the molecule; the nitrogenous bases project into the interior, where they hydrogen-bond in pairs, A with T and G with C. ...
Lab #8 Prelab: Protein, Triglycerides, and Esters Lab
Lab #8 Prelab: Protein, Triglycerides, and Esters Lab

... Villis, dating to around 800, representing the royal will of Charlemagne, mentions soap as being one of the products the stewards of royal estates are to tally. Soapmaking is mentioned both as "women's work" and as the produce of "good workmen" alongside other necessities such as the produce of carp ...
Characterization of a P-lactamase produced by
Characterization of a P-lactamase produced by

... towards five penicillins, two cephalosporins, one carbapenem and one monobactam substrate was determined by HPLC (Table 2). Many p-lactams exhibit substrate inhibition (Bush, 1983) above 1.0 mM; HPLC allows the use of lower substrate concentrations (50 pg ml-l or less). This is particularly useful f ...


... of the interaction between the individual proteins while bound to the DNA (2 pts). i) Kd is 10-6 M. Point were curve crosses x-axis is log Kd. ii) The Kd increases at the pH is raised from 7 to 9. What is most likely happening is that lysine residues on the protein are being deprotonated, reducing t ...
Ribozyme catalysis: not different, just worse
Ribozyme catalysis: not different, just worse

... of chemical reactions and can provide rate enhancements respectable enough, perhaps, to have sustained basic life forms on the early Earth. As researchers have studied both naturally occurring and in vitro–evolved ribozymes, an underlying question has persisted: is ribozyme catalysis the same as or ...
The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign
The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign

... pathogenicity islands, which remain in ss form in the heteroduplex, cannot be methylated prior to replication (Fig. 2D). After replication, complementary neosynthesized DNA is produced forming fully me0 dsDNA in the chromosome. This DNA can be degraded by DpnII, destroying the potential transformant ...
View/Open - Indiana University
View/Open - Indiana University

... http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ ency/imagepages/1223.htm ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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