• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
File
File

... genetic crosses. b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses. c. determine which species should be used in genetic crosses. d. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses. ...
Chapter 17: RNA
Chapter 17: RNA

... (4) The codon sequence on the mRNA determines the sequence in which tRNAs come are placed (5) Wobble: the anticodons of tRNA recognize more than one codon, because it base pairs with only the first two bases of the mRNA, and wobbles for the third base ...
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants

... Gizmo Warm-up Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses DNA as plans for building proteins. In addition to DNA, another nucleic acid, called RNA, is involved in making proteins. In the RNA and Protein Synthesis Gizmo™, you will use both DNA and RNA to construct a prot ...
Hello Ladies, Welcome to AP Biology! I am excited to help guide you la
Hello Ladies, Welcome to AP Biology! I am excited to help guide you la

... • These vesicles often migrate to and merge with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents to the outside of the cell. Vacuoles and vesicles are fluid-filled, membrane-bound bodies. Mitochondria carry out aerobic (using O2) respiration, a process in which glucose is broken down and the energy re ...
make a mammal project
make a mammal project

... G4b: how to predict the unique proteins a series of DNA represents using RNA codons. G4c: changes (mutations) affect DNA, and may or may not change an organism or its proteins. G4e: how proteins are formed from amino acids. Genetics: 5 A cells genetics can be changed by bringing in DNA from other ce ...
Unit 2 Test Review
Unit 2 Test Review

... Organic compound that is the building block of organisms; made of amino acids Number (from 0-14) measuring the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution Molecules made during chemical reactions; on the right side of the equation A chemical that releases hydrogen ions in a solution Chemicals centered aro ...
DNA quantification
DNA quantification

... •Calculate how much to use in reaction or on gel •Determine whether isolation was successful •Determine whether DNA is clean enough to use. DNA easily dissolves in aqueous solutions. However, at high concentrations (10 mg/ml and above), dissolved DNA is viscous. At lower concentrations, one cannot d ...
Review Sheet—Cell Division
Review Sheet—Cell Division

... 15. Before a cell can divide through mitosis, it must go through replication. What is replication? Why is this important? The replication of DNA. This is important so that both daughter cells have equal DNA. 16. Draw a picture showing how one molecule of DNA can be used to produce 2 identical copies ...
RT-PCR lab
RT-PCR lab

... hair protein = hair gene) ...
Test 2 answer - UniMAP Portal
Test 2 answer - UniMAP Portal

... DNA helicase locally "unzips" the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide bases, which exposes the bases in a replication fork. Other protein molecules stabilize the single strands so that they do not rejoin while replication proceeds. After helicase untwists and ...
Gizmos Protein Synthesis WS
Gizmos Protein Synthesis WS

... the right side of the Gizmo will successfully pair with the thymine at the top of the template strand of DNA. (NOTE: The DNA on the right side is the template strand.) Which RNA base bonded with the thymine? _____________________________________ 2. Experiment: The next three bases on the DNA templat ...
Macromolecules For Identification
Macromolecules For Identification

... • The different amino acids are similar in structure. • The different amino acids have different side chain, but are otherwise identical. • Proteins have many important roles in organisms. Structural proteins such as collagen or elastin, provide support. Regulatory proteins such as enzymes control c ...
Epigenetics - Hospital Melaka Department of Medicine Haematology
Epigenetics - Hospital Melaka Department of Medicine Haematology

Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules

... Dehydration reaction – the equivalent of a water molecule (-OH hydroxyl group) and (-H hydrogen atom) is removed as the reaction occurs to ...
Chapter 11: Organization of DNA in Eukaryotes 11.2: mtDNA
Chapter 11: Organization of DNA in Eukaryotes 11.2: mtDNA

... mutations will have a greater impact because all of the information is needed for normal cell structure and function; there is no “fluff” What does human mtDNA code for? What are the products of mtDNA transcription and translation? 13 proteins for aerobic cellular respiration; 22 tRNA for translatio ...
Ch. 5 Notes
Ch. 5 Notes

... - vary in the length and number and locations of double bonds they contain - Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and have no double bonds. - Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. B. Phospholipids - have only two fatty acids and have a phosphate g ...
DNA – RNA – PROTEIN SYNTHESIS -NOTES-
DNA – RNA – PROTEIN SYNTHESIS -NOTES-

... Replication proceeds in both directions until each chromosome is completely copied. The sites where separation and replication occur are called _______________________________________. ...
View/Open
View/Open

... – Nitrogenous bases = 0.34 nM apart – One turn every 3.4 nM (10 base pairs per turn) ...
Meiosis
Meiosis

... Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the A. size of a given amino acid can vary. B. chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary. C. sequence and number of amino acids is different. D. same amino acid can have many different proper ...
Genetics
Genetics

... Compare the effects of different kinds of mutations on cells and organisms. ...
Transcription and Translation computer lab test review
Transcription and Translation computer lab test review

... Transcription/Translation Computer Lab Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ Click on “Molecules of Inheritance” Click on “Transcribe and Translate a Gene” Click on Begin Transcription and follow instructions on screen to transcribe the DNA ...
Paradigm Shifts in Biomedical Research
Paradigm Shifts in Biomedical Research

... Of 1,308 protein families, only 94 are specific to vertebrates ...
Raven (7th) Guided Notes Chapter 15
Raven (7th) Guided Notes Chapter 15

... 1. Briefly describe the function of each type of RNA. a. rRNA __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. mRNA _________________________________________________________________ ______________________ ...
File - Thomas Tallis School
File - Thomas Tallis School

... The great number of jobs carried out by proteins means that they have to vary a lot in structure. Some proteins are insoluble strings, such as keratin and collagen. Others are soluble and round in shape such as enzymes and haemoglobin. The exact shapes of proteins can be very important in how they w ...
Steps in gene expression: comparison of
Steps in gene expression: comparison of

... separated from protein, denatured to separate the strands, and electrophoresed. The resulting gel is analyzed by autoradiography, which detects only labeled strands and reveals fragments extending from the labeled end to the site of cleavage by DNase I. ...
< 1 ... 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 ... 1036 >

Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report