UNIT (12) MOLECULES OF LIFE
... amino acids and mRNA contains nucleotides, we think of these as different “languages” so we translate mRNA into proteins. To direct the synthesis of a particular protein, the mRNA migrates out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it binds to structures called ribosomes. The transfer RNAs (tRN ...
... amino acids and mRNA contains nucleotides, we think of these as different “languages” so we translate mRNA into proteins. To direct the synthesis of a particular protein, the mRNA migrates out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it binds to structures called ribosomes. The transfer RNAs (tRN ...
Origin of Life
... • Ex: Coacervates are composed of amino acids and sugars. • Membrane bound structures may have existed on early Earth and may have had enclosed replicating molecules of RNA. Their descendants may have been the first cells. ...
... • Ex: Coacervates are composed of amino acids and sugars. • Membrane bound structures may have existed on early Earth and may have had enclosed replicating molecules of RNA. Their descendants may have been the first cells. ...
Primary Structure - LaurensAPBiology
... Many biological molecules are macromolecules – huge assemblies of atoms. Biological macromolecules are formed by linking together a set of building blocks (monomers) into long chains (a polymer). ...
... Many biological molecules are macromolecules – huge assemblies of atoms. Biological macromolecules are formed by linking together a set of building blocks (monomers) into long chains (a polymer). ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 10e
... The two strands of a DNA molecule form a double helix. All DNA molecules have the same structure; diversity lies in the sequence of base pairs. DNA is an informational molecule: information is encoded in the sequences of bases. ...
... The two strands of a DNA molecule form a double helix. All DNA molecules have the same structure; diversity lies in the sequence of base pairs. DNA is an informational molecule: information is encoded in the sequences of bases. ...
Genetics Module B, Anchor 2 Basic Mendelian Genetics: 1. Different
... relate to its different function in cells? Both –made of nucleotides; contain phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine RNA – contains ribose and uracil; single-stranded; only one gene DNA – contains deoxyribose and thymine; double stranded, many genes 6. Compare and contrast DNA replication and transcr ...
... relate to its different function in cells? Both –made of nucleotides; contain phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine RNA – contains ribose and uracil; single-stranded; only one gene DNA – contains deoxyribose and thymine; double stranded, many genes 6. Compare and contrast DNA replication and transcr ...
biochem2
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
Organic Molecules
... The carbon chain is saturated with all the hydrogens it can hold Account for the solid nature of fats, like butter, at room temperature ...
... The carbon chain is saturated with all the hydrogens it can hold Account for the solid nature of fats, like butter, at room temperature ...
Organic Compounds
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
... the structure. These are clusters of atoms that behave in a particular manner regardless of how the rest of the molecule looks. ...
Document
... • Protein synthesis: transcription – A single strand of RNA is synthesized inside the cell nucleus. – A segment of the DNA double helix separates into single strands. – The exposed bases of one strand act as the template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule. – The base sequence (messenger RNA) compl ...
... • Protein synthesis: transcription – A single strand of RNA is synthesized inside the cell nucleus. – A segment of the DNA double helix separates into single strands. – The exposed bases of one strand act as the template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule. – The base sequence (messenger RNA) compl ...
Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction
... following “Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction” vocabulary: Eukaryotic: a domain of organisms having cells each with a distinct nucleus within which the genetic material is contained along with other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic: any organism having cells in each of which the genetic material ...
... following “Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction” vocabulary: Eukaryotic: a domain of organisms having cells each with a distinct nucleus within which the genetic material is contained along with other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic: any organism having cells in each of which the genetic material ...
Chapter 1 Genes Are DNA
... Pairs or Longer Sequences • A transition replaces a G-C base pair with an A-T base pair or vice versa. • A transversion replaces a purine with a pyrimidine, such as changing A-T to T-A. • Insertions and/or deletions can result from the movement of transposable elements. ...
... Pairs or Longer Sequences • A transition replaces a G-C base pair with an A-T base pair or vice versa. • A transversion replaces a purine with a pyrimidine, such as changing A-T to T-A. • Insertions and/or deletions can result from the movement of transposable elements. ...
Protein Synthesis Activity
... 1. Colour your DNA strand so that the bases are different colours but all of the bases of the same type are the same colour. 2. Cut out the DNA and mRNA molecules. (mRNA is messenger RNA) TRANSCRIPTION: occurs in the nucleus 3. Create the nucleus on the left side of your desk by placing your DNA str ...
... 1. Colour your DNA strand so that the bases are different colours but all of the bases of the same type are the same colour. 2. Cut out the DNA and mRNA molecules. (mRNA is messenger RNA) TRANSCRIPTION: occurs in the nucleus 3. Create the nucleus on the left side of your desk by placing your DNA str ...
3 - socesbio.c…
... G4b: how to predict the unique proteins a series of DNA represents using RNA codons. G4c: changes (mutations) affect DNA, and may or may not change an organism or its proteins. G4e: how proteins are formed from amino acids. Genetics: 5 A cells genetics can be changed by bringing in DNA from other ce ...
... G4b: how to predict the unique proteins a series of DNA represents using RNA codons. G4c: changes (mutations) affect DNA, and may or may not change an organism or its proteins. G4e: how proteins are formed from amino acids. Genetics: 5 A cells genetics can be changed by bringing in DNA from other ce ...
1 - socesbio.c…
... G4b: how to predict the unique proteins a series of DNA represents using RNA codons. G4c: changes (mutations) affect DNA, and may or may not change an organism or its proteins. G4e: how proteins are formed from amino acids. Genetics: 5 A cells genetics can be changed by bringing in DNA from other ce ...
... G4b: how to predict the unique proteins a series of DNA represents using RNA codons. G4c: changes (mutations) affect DNA, and may or may not change an organism or its proteins. G4e: how proteins are formed from amino acids. Genetics: 5 A cells genetics can be changed by bringing in DNA from other ce ...
outline File - selu moodle
... Transcription uses the template strand of DNA to make a mRNA strand that has the same sequence as the coding strand (except that there are U’s in RNA and T’s in DNA) Translation uses a ribosome to read the mRNA and synthesize proteins RNA’s mRNA rRNA tRNA snRNA SRP RNA MicroRNA 15.2 Genetic Code 43 ...
... Transcription uses the template strand of DNA to make a mRNA strand that has the same sequence as the coding strand (except that there are U’s in RNA and T’s in DNA) Translation uses a ribosome to read the mRNA and synthesize proteins RNA’s mRNA rRNA tRNA snRNA SRP RNA MicroRNA 15.2 Genetic Code 43 ...
Using Gel Electrophoresis to analyze DNA, RNA and
... • The pH at which an amino acid exists in solution as a neutral molecule, a zwitterion. • Since zwitterions are not charged, they will not move • Isoelectric points (pI) are for proteins and reflect when their overall amino acid charges are balanced (electrically neutral). As such, they will not mig ...
... • The pH at which an amino acid exists in solution as a neutral molecule, a zwitterion. • Since zwitterions are not charged, they will not move • Isoelectric points (pI) are for proteins and reflect when their overall amino acid charges are balanced (electrically neutral). As such, they will not mig ...
CH-13 Sect 1
... 18. Is the following sentence true or false? The pattern of colored bands on an electrophoresis gel tells the exact sequence of bases in DNA. ____ ...
... 18. Is the following sentence true or false? The pattern of colored bands on an electrophoresis gel tells the exact sequence of bases in DNA. ____ ...
1. How many main types of RNA are there?(B4.2g) a.1 b.3 c
... B.that is identical to part of a single strand of DNA. C.that is double-stranded. D.inside the nucleus. ...
... B.that is identical to part of a single strand of DNA. C.that is double-stranded. D.inside the nucleus. ...
Repair of Damaged DNA
... • DNA can be damaged by alkylation, methylation, deamination, loss of heterocyclic bases (depurination or depyrimidization) • Glycosylases recognize and remove base (leaves an AP site – abasic site) • Sugar and phosphate not removed yet • AP endonucleases cut backbone • Segment is removed and replac ...
... • DNA can be damaged by alkylation, methylation, deamination, loss of heterocyclic bases (depurination or depyrimidization) • Glycosylases recognize and remove base (leaves an AP site – abasic site) • Sugar and phosphate not removed yet • AP endonucleases cut backbone • Segment is removed and replac ...
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
... to that of DNA, but differs in three main ways: • 1. Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in many of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides • However, RNA can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in ...
... to that of DNA, but differs in three main ways: • 1. Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in many of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides • However, RNA can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in ...
Sequencing Rationale
... all living things. At this point students usually talk about DNA, but they really do not know what it is yet. In this segment, the students understand the structure of DNA, how it is replicated, and how DNA is able to repair itself if there is base pair damage. The next segment involved what happens ...
... all living things. At this point students usually talk about DNA, but they really do not know what it is yet. In this segment, the students understand the structure of DNA, how it is replicated, and how DNA is able to repair itself if there is base pair damage. The next segment involved what happens ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
... down, put things together, catalyze chemical reactions, they make pigments, they form antigens and antibodies, give structure to cells and membranes, transport substances in cells and across membranes, and they perform hundreds of other functions. So, HOW ARE PROTEINS MADE? ...
... down, put things together, catalyze chemical reactions, they make pigments, they form antigens and antibodies, give structure to cells and membranes, transport substances in cells and across membranes, and they perform hundreds of other functions. So, HOW ARE PROTEINS MADE? ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.