Macromolecules and the Molecules of Life
... • Made of CHNOP • Large molecules formed by joining polymers • Monomers • The basic units that bond together to form molecules essential to life • Bond via condensation reaction • Monomer + monomer = polymer + water • Polymers • Several monomers joined together • Separate via Hydrolysis • Breakdown ...
... • Made of CHNOP • Large molecules formed by joining polymers • Monomers • The basic units that bond together to form molecules essential to life • Bond via condensation reaction • Monomer + monomer = polymer + water • Polymers • Several monomers joined together • Separate via Hydrolysis • Breakdown ...
Practice Exam 2
... glycerol. Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a single _________________________ group at one end. Fatty acids can be either saturated, if all the carbons have _________________________ single bonds, or unsaturated if they have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. When glycerol reacts wi ...
... glycerol. Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a single _________________________ group at one end. Fatty acids can be either saturated, if all the carbons have _________________________ single bonds, or unsaturated if they have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. When glycerol reacts wi ...
ppt - Duke Computer Science
... www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/w3034/Larry/class26_11plus.ppt ...
... www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/w3034/Larry/class26_11plus.ppt ...
4.4 Genetic engineering and biotechnology - McLain
... C. Its nucleus is fused with the nucleus of the differentiated cell. D. Its nucleus is exchanged with the nucleus of the sperm. ...
... C. Its nucleus is fused with the nucleus of the differentiated cell. D. Its nucleus is exchanged with the nucleus of the sperm. ...
RNA and DNA aptamers. Ribozymes and DNAzymes Daniel
... www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/w3034/Larry/class26_11plus.ppt ...
... www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/w3034/Larry/class26_11plus.ppt ...
HL DNA_Jeopardy 2016
... • and then these viruses were used to infect bacteria. • The contents of the infected bacteria and viruses were in an aqueous environment, and where then placed in a test tube. • This test tube was blended and centrifuge. • The bacteria cells settled at the bottom of a test tube in a pellet, while t ...
... • and then these viruses were used to infect bacteria. • The contents of the infected bacteria and viruses were in an aqueous environment, and where then placed in a test tube. • This test tube was blended and centrifuge. • The bacteria cells settled at the bottom of a test tube in a pellet, while t ...
Chapter 25: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
... • Made in the Nucleus • Copies DNA • leaves through nuclear pores • Contains the Nitrogen Bases A, G, C, U • ( no T ) ...
... • Made in the Nucleus • Copies DNA • leaves through nuclear pores • Contains the Nitrogen Bases A, G, C, U • ( no T ) ...
Southern hybridization
... Genetic information is encoded by the sequence of the nucleotide bases in DNA of the gene. The four nucleotides are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), a mutation is a change in the order of these nucleotides. ...
... Genetic information is encoded by the sequence of the nucleotide bases in DNA of the gene. The four nucleotides are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), a mutation is a change in the order of these nucleotides. ...
A new direction in materials assembly: using
... nanoparticles into complex materials with novel functionality. This work has been a joint collaboration with Chad Mirkin, and it began in 2008 with the fabrication of superlattices composed of identical gold particles that could either be fcc or bcc depending on whether the DNA is self-complementary ...
... nanoparticles into complex materials with novel functionality. This work has been a joint collaboration with Chad Mirkin, and it began in 2008 with the fabrication of superlattices composed of identical gold particles that could either be fcc or bcc depending on whether the DNA is self-complementary ...
Transcription Student Handout
... How does the information carried by DNA get to the ribosomes? The code has been transcribed from the DNA to RNA. RNA must leave the nucleus and carry the code to the ribosome for proteins to be synthesized. The RNA carrying the code is called messenger RNA (mRNA). It is one of three types of RNA (mR ...
... How does the information carried by DNA get to the ribosomes? The code has been transcribed from the DNA to RNA. RNA must leave the nucleus and carry the code to the ribosome for proteins to be synthesized. The RNA carrying the code is called messenger RNA (mRNA). It is one of three types of RNA (mR ...
transcription_and_translation
... connected, the tRNA releases its amino acid which is added to the chain of amino acids growing from the ribosome. • The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds. As each is added, a water molecule is released. (Dehydration hydrolysis) ...
... connected, the tRNA releases its amino acid which is added to the chain of amino acids growing from the ribosome. • The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds. As each is added, a water molecule is released. (Dehydration hydrolysis) ...
Name SIS # 1 Introductory Biochemistry BI 28 Third Midterm
... B) purine biosynthesis starts with the formation of PRPP, whereas pyrimidines incorporate the PRPP near the end of the pathway. C) purine formation requires a THF derivative, whereas pyrimidine formation does not. D) pyrimidine biosynthesis is tightly regulated in the cell, whereas purine biosynthes ...
... B) purine biosynthesis starts with the formation of PRPP, whereas pyrimidines incorporate the PRPP near the end of the pathway. C) purine formation requires a THF derivative, whereas pyrimidine formation does not. D) pyrimidine biosynthesis is tightly regulated in the cell, whereas purine biosynthes ...
Chemistry of Life notes
... Carbon has _four valence electrons which means it can form 4 bonds AND can bond with itself. - This means it can form long chains, rings, branched chains and many other molecules ...
... Carbon has _four valence electrons which means it can form 4 bonds AND can bond with itself. - This means it can form long chains, rings, branched chains and many other molecules ...
Molecular Biology
... • In 1950s and 1960s, the concept that messenger RNA carries information from gene to ribosome developed • An intermediate carrier was needed as DNA is found in the nucleus, while proteins are made in the cytoplasm • Some type of molecule must move the information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ...
... • In 1950s and 1960s, the concept that messenger RNA carries information from gene to ribosome developed • An intermediate carrier was needed as DNA is found in the nucleus, while proteins are made in the cytoplasm • Some type of molecule must move the information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ...
What are you made of?
... 4. Proteins!!! When the tRNA has translated all of the mRNA, and each of the amino acids have been joined together, your finished protein is either used by the cell, or packaged and exported in the ER or Golgi complex to other parts of the ...
... 4. Proteins!!! When the tRNA has translated all of the mRNA, and each of the amino acids have been joined together, your finished protein is either used by the cell, or packaged and exported in the ER or Golgi complex to other parts of the ...
Cell_Structure_and_Function-HonorsPhysio corrected
... – Ribosomal (rRNA): joins with proteins to form ribosomes – Messenger (mRNA): carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes – Transfer (tRNA): transfers amino acids to a ribosome where they are added to a forming protein ...
... – Ribosomal (rRNA): joins with proteins to form ribosomes – Messenger (mRNA): carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes – Transfer (tRNA): transfers amino acids to a ribosome where they are added to a forming protein ...
Basics of Gene Expression Activity
... “template”. What part of the gene is the template? The process of making an mRNA molecule is called transcription. Define this word in English terms (nothing to do with biology). Why does the term “transcription” fit with the process of making an mRNA using a DNA template? 4. Grab a ribosome and get ...
... “template”. What part of the gene is the template? The process of making an mRNA molecule is called transcription. Define this word in English terms (nothing to do with biology). Why does the term “transcription” fit with the process of making an mRNA using a DNA template? 4. Grab a ribosome and get ...
last of Chapter 11, all of Chapter 12
... Foreign DNA and vector DNA both must have matching sticky ends ...
... Foreign DNA and vector DNA both must have matching sticky ends ...
Multiple Choice:
... RNA Polymerase (usually RNA Pol II) is involved in gene transcription; DNA Polymerase is involved in DNA replication. After RNA Pol transcription of the template strand, the 2’-5’ phosphodiester bond is formed when the lariat structure is spliced out of the primary transcript. Next, the RNA is expor ...
... RNA Polymerase (usually RNA Pol II) is involved in gene transcription; DNA Polymerase is involved in DNA replication. After RNA Pol transcription of the template strand, the 2’-5’ phosphodiester bond is formed when the lariat structure is spliced out of the primary transcript. Next, the RNA is expor ...
11. Origin and evolution of life (part I)
... itself so that the genetic information is passed on to the daughter cells (Fig. 3B). DNA replication requires protein enzymes to split the double-stranded DNA molecule and help connecting each strands with free nucleotides. The information for building these proteins is encoded in DNA. Life as we kn ...
... itself so that the genetic information is passed on to the daughter cells (Fig. 3B). DNA replication requires protein enzymes to split the double-stranded DNA molecule and help connecting each strands with free nucleotides. The information for building these proteins is encoded in DNA. Life as we kn ...
File
... were given sticky ends using restriction enzymes (guanine nucleotides in single stranded DNA at each end). 3. A vector (plasmid in this case) is used to insert the insulin gene in the bacterium. The insulin gene was added to the plasmid by treating the bacteria with enzymes that dissolve their cell ...
... were given sticky ends using restriction enzymes (guanine nucleotides in single stranded DNA at each end). 3. A vector (plasmid in this case) is used to insert the insulin gene in the bacterium. The insulin gene was added to the plasmid by treating the bacteria with enzymes that dissolve their cell ...
Gel Electrophoresis DNA Fingerprinting
... • In this hypothetical case, DNA was extracted from samples obtained from the five possible suspects, and the crime scene sample • You will cleave the DNA with a restriction enzyme and simulated a “mock” DNA fingerprint analysis using Southern Blotting ...
... • In this hypothetical case, DNA was extracted from samples obtained from the five possible suspects, and the crime scene sample • You will cleave the DNA with a restriction enzyme and simulated a “mock” DNA fingerprint analysis using Southern Blotting ...
Genetic variations and Gene RearrangementsMutation
... DNA polymerase incorporation errors during replication or repair by mispairing and misrepairing. (errors of DNA polymerase 10-4 base pair/cell/generation. ...
... DNA polymerase incorporation errors during replication or repair by mispairing and misrepairing. (errors of DNA polymerase 10-4 base pair/cell/generation. ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.