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Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds

... • Two major classes – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – ribonucleic acid (RNA) • The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides ...
8.2 Structure of DNA - Fulton County Schools
8.2 Structure of DNA - Fulton County Schools

... – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Odds are 1/100,000,000,000 that any two people will have the same genetic fingerprint!!! ...
Gral Regents Review Part 2
Gral Regents Review Part 2

... Structure of DNA Nucleotides of sugar, phosphate, nitrogen bases The bases pair forming the a double helix A:T and G:C. ...
CHNOPS- Simulating Protein Synthesis
CHNOPS- Simulating Protein Synthesis

... place. The code, in DNA or mRNA, specifies the order in which the amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mRNA, however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) is needed to bring the mRNA and amino ...
Scientist This position will support product
Scientist This position will support product

... evaluations and generate application data using current products to demonstrate new or novel functions. We are looking for an enthusiastic, high energy individual looking to play a significant role in creating next generation molecular biology products and learning the product development process in ...
The Structure and Organization of Genetic
The Structure and Organization of Genetic

... both of these qualities derive from the proThere are perhaps two approaches in cesses by which genetic material is copied teaching the structure of genetic material and transmitted, we can begin with briefly as a process of discovery; that is, in explor- examining the molecular structure of this ing ...
Document
Document

... • DNA encodes proteins needed by the cell. • DNA is capable of mutation, providing raw material for evolutionary change. ...
From Gene to Protein
From Gene to Protein

... ribozyme= RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme ...
Cell Cycle Quiz key
Cell Cycle Quiz key

Unit 10 Biotechnology review guide 2014
Unit 10 Biotechnology review guide 2014

11.1 Intro Evo and Mutations
11.1 Intro Evo and Mutations

... Why are there differences between people? Why are there any differences among the individuals of any living thing? ...
chapter3_Sections 4
chapter3_Sections 4

... DNA and RNA • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) • DNA encodes heritable information that guides the synthesis of RNA and proteins • Consists of two nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix • RNA (Ribonucleic acid) • RNAs interact with DNA and with one another to carry out protein synthesis ...
Biochemistry of Cells
Biochemistry of Cells

... Cells link monomers by a process called condensation or dehydration synthesis (removing a molecule of water) ...
DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION I. BASICS OF DNA A
DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION I. BASICS OF DNA A

... the production of proteins. This is the area that we are going to focus on in this chapter. A. In 1940, George Beadle and Edward Tatum proposed the “One Gene, One Enzyme Theory” which stated that individual genes are responsible for producing specific proteins in living organisms. VI. RIBONUCLEIC AC ...
Biomaterial-Nanoparticle Hybrid Systems for
Biomaterial-Nanoparticle Hybrid Systems for

... NPs in the presence of the dye (Texas-Red)-labeled dNTP results in the dye labeled replica or telomers. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) provides, then, the imaging signal for the sensing process. Biomolecules provide organized templates for the assembly of metal or semiconductor nanoci ...
Q.No Genetic engineering is the technique of introducing foreign
Q.No Genetic engineering is the technique of introducing foreign

... the ability to dissolve most of the compounds in it. This is possible because of the polarity which water has. The molecule of the water comprise of two 10 elements hydrogen and oxygen. ...
DNA repair DNA as genetic information
DNA repair DNA as genetic information

... • DNA repair is dependent on double‐stranded DNA • RNA and proteins are also damaged but dangerous effects are limited by turnover and that the information is not inherited ...
A Guided Reading on Macromolecules
A Guided Reading on Macromolecules

... Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms. Fats are made of a glycerol (alcohol) an ...
Part B - Modeling Transcription: How is RNA modified? Name:
Part B - Modeling Transcription: How is RNA modified? Name:

... The  most  remarkable  stage  of  RNA  processing  in  the  eukaryotic  nucleus  is  the  removal  of  a  large  portion  of  the  RNA  molecule  that  is  initially  synthesized‐‐a  cut‐and‐paste  job  called  RNA  splicing.  The  average  length  of  a  transcription  unit  along  a  eukaryotic DN ...
EOC Review All Content
EOC Review All Content

... • Single stranded • Four base pairs: AUCG • Sugar is Ribose ...
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... a. Help provide energy for cells b. Assist in making new cell parts c. Control almost every process in a cell • Organic catalysts – affects the rate or speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed • Highly specific in its action and can be used over and over again Nucleic Acids • Organi ...
Final Exam: Multiple Choice Portion Biochem Block Spring 2016
Final Exam: Multiple Choice Portion Biochem Block Spring 2016

... d) fairly small (<< 1 M) because this acid is a weak acid 12. (3 pts) The distance between stacked bases of DNA is: a) 3 m b) 3 x 108 m/s c) 3 D d) 3 x 10-9 m e) 3.4 D f) 34 D 13. (3 pts) Cytochrome c peroxidase has an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.2. A reasonable value for the charge on this protein ...
Chapter 9 DNA: The Genetic Material
Chapter 9 DNA: The Genetic Material

... - Base Pairing Rules state that C always bonds with G A always bonds with T ...
replicate, transcribe, translate
replicate, transcribe, translate

... SUMMARY OF REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION DNA replication is the process cells use to make new DNA, and is semi-conservative in that each new DNA double-helix formed contains half of the DNA strand replicated. Replication as it occurs within cells requires a DNA template, energy provided b ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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