Metabolism
... involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. ...
... involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. ...
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... catabolism. However, certain enzymes of the urea cycle together with other pathways, also has a role in synthesizing net arginine for use in the organism. Thus, in many mammals, arginine is not an essential amino acid. In fish however, arginine is an essential amino acid in adults, but the requireme ...
... catabolism. However, certain enzymes of the urea cycle together with other pathways, also has a role in synthesizing net arginine for use in the organism. Thus, in many mammals, arginine is not an essential amino acid. In fish however, arginine is an essential amino acid in adults, but the requireme ...
Document
... that allows the plasmid to replicate in the bacteria using the host DNA synthesis enzymes A promoter sequence for initiating transcription of the inserted gene A gene encoding a protein for antibiotic resistance, which allows for identification of bacteria that have taken in the plasmid ...
... that allows the plasmid to replicate in the bacteria using the host DNA synthesis enzymes A promoter sequence for initiating transcription of the inserted gene A gene encoding a protein for antibiotic resistance, which allows for identification of bacteria that have taken in the plasmid ...
Fats and Proteins
... Lipids are a class of chemical compound composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms with very little oxygen. Common examples of lipids are fats, oils and waxes. Generally these compounds are not soluble in water. On a molecular basis, all fats are somewhat similar. Just as carbohydrates are compose ...
... Lipids are a class of chemical compound composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms with very little oxygen. Common examples of lipids are fats, oils and waxes. Generally these compounds are not soluble in water. On a molecular basis, all fats are somewhat similar. Just as carbohydrates are compose ...
File
... pole and the other pair of 'sister chromatids' for the same homologous pair to the other pole. It seems that this process is a combination of spindle contraction (75%) and a centromere motor (25%) pulling the pairs of chromatids along the spindle. At this point the chiasmata break down and the excha ...
... pole and the other pair of 'sister chromatids' for the same homologous pair to the other pole. It seems that this process is a combination of spindle contraction (75%) and a centromere motor (25%) pulling the pairs of chromatids along the spindle. At this point the chiasmata break down and the excha ...
How Can Transposons Accelerate Your Genomics
... low to generate a sufficient population of transposition clones with good mutation coverage. – Screen multiple colonies, especially if mutagenesis of a particular target gene is your goal. – Note: if your desired gene is not represented in the final transposed library, successful insertion may have ...
... low to generate a sufficient population of transposition clones with good mutation coverage. – Screen multiple colonies, especially if mutagenesis of a particular target gene is your goal. – Note: if your desired gene is not represented in the final transposed library, successful insertion may have ...
MICROBIAL GENETICS-III UGc - E
... Smooth (S) and rough (R) characters are directly related to the presence of absence of capsule and this trait is known to be genetically determined. Griffith injected laboratory mice with live R pneumococci; the mice suffered no illness because R pneumococci were avirulent. But, when the mice were i ...
... Smooth (S) and rough (R) characters are directly related to the presence of absence of capsule and this trait is known to be genetically determined. Griffith injected laboratory mice with live R pneumococci; the mice suffered no illness because R pneumococci were avirulent. But, when the mice were i ...
Amino acid
... sequence (this is convenient for evolution). Note also that all of these motifs are chiral and are observed almost exclusively in these arrangements. Is this a consequence of the chirality of the amino acids? Why are these common? ...
... sequence (this is convenient for evolution). Note also that all of these motifs are chiral and are observed almost exclusively in these arrangements. Is this a consequence of the chirality of the amino acids? Why are these common? ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
... Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
2 Identifying Conserved Elements in the Toxin Sensor and
... Institute of Health (NIH). GenBank is the annotated collection of publicly available gene sequences. By the end of 2013 there was 169,331,407 sequences stored in the GenBank, which represents a 17-fold increase in data since the sequencing of the human genome in 2000 and an about 280,000-fold increa ...
... Institute of Health (NIH). GenBank is the annotated collection of publicly available gene sequences. By the end of 2013 there was 169,331,407 sequences stored in the GenBank, which represents a 17-fold increase in data since the sequencing of the human genome in 2000 and an about 280,000-fold increa ...
Adobe PDF - Boston University Physics
... the DTR length distributions in the case when psr, ,d depends both on r and ,. As it follows from our analysis, the length distribution of various DTR differ significantly from each other in various organisms. Varying psr, ,d, we find even better agreement with experimental data [Fig. 1(b)] for each ...
... the DTR length distributions in the case when psr, ,d depends both on r and ,. As it follows from our analysis, the length distribution of various DTR differ significantly from each other in various organisms. Varying psr, ,d, we find even better agreement with experimental data [Fig. 1(b)] for each ...
Revision PPT on enzymes File
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
amino acids
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
RNA polymerase I
... with the Lac repressor and induces the lac operon but is not metabolized by β-galactosidase. Thus, IPTG can continue inducing the operon for longer periods of time in the laboratory. ...
... with the Lac repressor and induces the lac operon but is not metabolized by β-galactosidase. Thus, IPTG can continue inducing the operon for longer periods of time in the laboratory. ...
Pharmaceuticals from Animal and Plant Products
... over recent years has shown that many traditional herbal remedies have proven efficacy against diseases. Often, through a genuine misunderstanding of the low stability of the active factors, herbal medicines are sold which lack the original and claimed potency of the fresh plant. Another considerati ...
... over recent years has shown that many traditional herbal remedies have proven efficacy against diseases. Often, through a genuine misunderstanding of the low stability of the active factors, herbal medicines are sold which lack the original and claimed potency of the fresh plant. Another considerati ...
File
... • Tyrosine evolves by adding an –OH group to the para position on the phenyl ring of phenylalanine ...
... • Tyrosine evolves by adding an –OH group to the para position on the phenyl ring of phenylalanine ...
7 Genetics - Life Sciences
... not only for this cross but also with several other dihybrid crosses. On the basis of these results, Mendel postulated the principle of independent assortment, which states that members of one gene pair segregate independently from other gene pairs during gamete formation. In other words, different ...
... not only for this cross but also with several other dihybrid crosses. On the basis of these results, Mendel postulated the principle of independent assortment, which states that members of one gene pair segregate independently from other gene pairs during gamete formation. In other words, different ...
as a PDF
... cause a 104 fold reduction in the activity of the native homodimeric enzyme.17 When this mutation was introduced into the C-terminal subunit of the sc PvuII, the heterodimeric sc enzyme cleaved pBR322 substrate substantially slower than the nonmutated sc enzyme (Figure 7). These results can be expla ...
... cause a 104 fold reduction in the activity of the native homodimeric enzyme.17 When this mutation was introduced into the C-terminal subunit of the sc PvuII, the heterodimeric sc enzyme cleaved pBR322 substrate substantially slower than the nonmutated sc enzyme (Figure 7). These results can be expla ...
Austin Texas Championship Poster
... Motivation and Background In recent years, the ability to expand the genetic code has been made possible by re-coding the amber stop codon, UAG, via the use of modified tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs. The modified tRNA synthetase charges the modified tRNA with a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA), an amino ...
... Motivation and Background In recent years, the ability to expand the genetic code has been made possible by re-coding the amber stop codon, UAG, via the use of modified tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs. The modified tRNA synthetase charges the modified tRNA with a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA), an amino ...
Thermodynamics: Part Two: State of play in living systems
... ∆G for this reaction is -16.3 kJ mol , and hence is thermodynamically favourable. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme, glutamine synthetase, in animal cells. This principle of coupling reactions to alter the change in Gibbs Free Energy is the basic principle behind all enzymatic action in biolo ...
... ∆G for this reaction is -16.3 kJ mol , and hence is thermodynamically favourable. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme, glutamine synthetase, in animal cells. This principle of coupling reactions to alter the change in Gibbs Free Energy is the basic principle behind all enzymatic action in biolo ...
Adenine - One of the four bases in DNA tha make up the letters
... the genetic code. In DNA the code letters are A, T, G and C that stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine. ...
... the genetic code. In DNA the code letters are A, T, G and C that stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine. ...
matrix of complementarity for metagenetic
... nines» (for numbers of hydrogen bonds) in the codon table (Petoukhov S.V. 2001, 2008). To overcome these artificial artefacts it was necessary to introduce a natural disposition of the complementary pair elements opposite to each other and to introduce a principle of autecedence of the incoming. The ...
... nines» (for numbers of hydrogen bonds) in the codon table (Petoukhov S.V. 2001, 2008). To overcome these artificial artefacts it was necessary to introduce a natural disposition of the complementary pair elements opposite to each other and to introduce a principle of autecedence of the incoming. The ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.