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PAI EO - Cornell College
PAI EO - Cornell College

... absolute) encompassed by stasis and turnover; taxonomic scale should also be carefully considered. It is extremely unlikely that any two fossil assemblages, like any two modern communities, will ever be exactly the same, hence we must decide how much paleoecologic variability to include under the ae ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology

... traits may be labile towards the tips of the phylogeny (less inclusive phylogenetic scale) because close relatives often have divergent or labile traits as a result of character displacement and ⁄ or adaptive radiation or due to drift and ⁄ or divergent selection following allopatric speciation. At ...
Detailed Final Report - Rufford Small Grants
Detailed Final Report - Rufford Small Grants

... Agricultural activity and the disturbance at nesting sites may also increase the level of predation by facilitating the discovery of nests or increasing the number of predators on nests and chicks in several types of habitats. Recreational activities (e.g. tourism, fishing) may interfere with lekkin ...
Report No. 178 A review of wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in
Report No. 178 A review of wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in

Chapter 2  Morphometric measurement selection: an invertebrate case study
Chapter 2 Morphometric measurement selection: an invertebrate case study

... whether Ectemnorhinus populations on the two islands represent either a single species or a complex of species (Chown 1990, 1991). As a consequence, a detailed population level study, based on an integrated approach involving morphometric, molecular, and ecological data was initiated to investigate ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic

... traits may be labile towards the tips of the phylogeny (less inclusive phylogenetic scale) because close relatives often have divergent or labile traits as a result of character displacement and ⁄ or adaptive radiation or due to drift and ⁄ or divergent selection following allopatric speciation. At ...
Choreography of Transcriptomes and Lipidomes of
Choreography of Transcriptomes and Lipidomes of

... However, none of these clusters was specialized or enriched with a specific functional group; on the contrary, many genes with the same functions were found in the different clusters. Regulation of the lipid metabolism genes and pathways will be discussed in detail in the corresponding sections below ...
lions on small reserves - Carnivore Conservation
lions on small reserves - Carnivore Conservation

... Demographic stochasticity, which arises from chance events in the survival and reproductive success of a finite number of individuals, ...
Grasshoppers in the Lawn and Garden - KSRE Bookstore
Grasshoppers in the Lawn and Garden - KSRE Bookstore

... Initiation and length of oviposition vary by species. Two-striped grasshoppers mate immediately upon attaining adult status, but females undergo a two-week preovipositional period before depositing eggs. Differential grasshoppers feed for several weeks before reaching sexual maturity and subsequentl ...
Stepwise Acquisition of Pyrimethamine Resistance in the Malaria
Stepwise Acquisition of Pyrimethamine Resistance in the Malaria

... same gene, because the effect of any amino acid replacement may depend on the sequence context in which it occurs (26). • Epistasis resulting from non-additive interactions between mutations in different genes, because the evolution of any enzyme in a metabolic pathway alters the selection pressures ...
Soundscape Ecology
Soundscape Ecology

... ing musical orchestrations, aural awareness, and acoustic interact with a variety of biophysical features (e.g., terrain, design (Schafer 1977, Truax 1999). Acoustic ecology largely soils) to produce heterogeneity in spatial structure across emphasizes human-centered inquiry rather than the larger s ...
Understanding the Invasion Ecology of Exotic Crayfish in California
Understanding the Invasion Ecology of Exotic Crayfish in California

... Vertical physical barriers (e.g., steep gradients in the elevation of a stream bed, waterfalls and culverts) are also effective at limiting their spread. ...
Divergent Amphibian Species Nonclassical MHC Class I Lineages
Divergent Amphibian Species Nonclassical MHC Class I Lineages

... estimated to have roughly 20 XNC genes per haplotype by Southern blot analysis (12), in absence of genomic sequences their exact total number and the respective number of XNC genes within each subfamily is unknown. In contrast, the genome of the only diploid frog of the Xenopodinae subfamily, S. tro ...
Joseph et al. 2013 Taming wildlife disease
Joseph et al. 2013 Taming wildlife disease

... © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2013 British Ecological Society, Journal of Applied Ecology, 50, 702–712 ...
Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and
Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and

... © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology © 2013 British Ecological Society, Journal of Applied Ecology, 50, 702–712 ...
FROM INDIVIDUALS TO ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: TOWARD AN O J. S
FROM INDIVIDUALS TO ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: TOWARD AN O J. S

... trophic transfer efficiencies, and energy flux caused by consumer foraging shifts in response to risk are qualitatively different from effects caused by reductions in prey density due to direct predation. We argue that a perspective of ecosystem function that considers effects of consumer behavior in ...
Midlands Conservation Fund
Midlands Conservation Fund

... which are now undoubtedly a little-known, but significant cultural treasure of Australia. In large part the same families remain in ownership of the properties established in the early 1800s. ...
Evolution of b-type cytochromes in prokaryotes
Evolution of b-type cytochromes in prokaryotes

... The tree shown is based on PhyML analysis of 472 sequences from all orthology groups (except K00241) and all species. Numerical values at the nodes of the tree indicate statistical support based on 100 bootstraps. For species name abbreviations, and full details of accession numbers for all protein ...
Habitat selection as a major resource partitioning mechanism
Habitat selection as a major resource partitioning mechanism

... supplies\ which may prevent competitive niche par! titioning from occurring[ As a consequence\ the organization of bat communities would be under the control of non!deterministic processes "Willig + Moulton 0878^ Findley 0882^ Arita 0886#[ Yet\ this unorthodox view about the structure of bat faunas ...
15. NEW WORLD NECTAR-FEEDING VERTEBRATES
15. NEW WORLD NECTAR-FEEDING VERTEBRATES

... We gleaned data on local diversity, habitat distributions, diets, and morphology of nectar-bats and hummingbirds from the literature. Nomenclature for bats follows Wilson and Reeder (1993); hummingbird nomenclature follows Sibley and Monroe (1990) and AOU (1998). To quantify local species richness i ...
Enos Lake Benthic and Limnetic Threespine Stickleback Species
Enos Lake Benthic and Limnetic Threespine Stickleback Species

... Population sizes in Enos Lake were estimated in 2001, based on multiple markrecaptures, but these estimates were confounded by species identification problems due to substantial hybridization that had occurred by that time. When the sample was pooled, the population estimate was 26,630 ± 8,240, whic ...
Why Do Some Tropical Forests Have So Many Species of Trees?
Why Do Some Tropical Forests Have So Many Species of Trees?

HiSeq Sequencing Systems
HiSeq Sequencing Systems

... Innovative design features make HiSeq Systems the easiest-to-use next-generation sequencing systems (Figure 2). Flow cells are loaded on the vacuum-controlled loading dock. Pre-configured, plug-and-play reagents sufficient for up to 200 cycles plus indexing, drop into racks in the machine’s chiller ...
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(3, part 2), 1999, 950–97
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(3, part 2), 1999, 950–97

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Molecular ecology

Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology). It is virtually synonymous with the field of ""Ecological Genetics"" as pioneered by Theodosius Dobzhansky, E. B. Ford, Godfrey M. Hewitt and others. These fields are united in their attempt to study genetic-based questions ""out in the field"" as opposed to the laboratory. Molecular ecology is related to the field of Conservation genetics.Methods frequently include using microsatellites to determine gene flow and hybridization between populations. The development of molecular ecology is also closely related to the use of DNA microarrays, which allows for the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of different genes. Quantitative PCR may also be used to analyze gene expression as a result of changes in environmental conditions or different response by differently adapted individuals.
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