organisms
... At this growth rate the population exhibits an S-shaped curve. K (carrying capacity) = maximum population size that an environment can support ...
... At this growth rate the population exhibits an S-shaped curve. K (carrying capacity) = maximum population size that an environment can support ...
Chapter 5
... Core Case Study: Endangered Southern Sea Otter (2) • 1938-2008: increase from 50 to ~2760 • 1977: declared an endangered species • Why should we care? 1. Cute and cuddly – tourists love them 2. Ethics – it’s wrong to hunt a species to extinction 3. Keystone species – eat other species that would de ...
... Core Case Study: Endangered Southern Sea Otter (2) • 1938-2008: increase from 50 to ~2760 • 1977: declared an endangered species • Why should we care? 1. Cute and cuddly – tourists love them 2. Ethics – it’s wrong to hunt a species to extinction 3. Keystone species – eat other species that would de ...
Living Things and the Environment
... 1. A(n) organism obtains food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its environment. 2. The place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs is called its habitat. 3. What needs of an organism are provided by its habitat? food, wate ...
... 1. A(n) organism obtains food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its environment. 2. The place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs is called its habitat. 3. What needs of an organism are provided by its habitat? food, wate ...
NOTES ON BIO 201 – GENERAL ECOLOGY INTRODUCTION
... Ecology has emerged as a sciences of survival Ecology was formed from two Greek words [Gk: oikos; home and logos; the study of ] – First coined by Earnst Haechel (1869). Ecology therefore means the study of an organism in its natural home. Odum (1963) defined ecology as the study of structure and fu ...
... Ecology has emerged as a sciences of survival Ecology was formed from two Greek words [Gk: oikos; home and logos; the study of ] – First coined by Earnst Haechel (1869). Ecology therefore means the study of an organism in its natural home. Odum (1963) defined ecology as the study of structure and fu ...
Foraging Ecology
... 1) How would you incorporate the effect of predators into an exponential model of a prey population’s growth? Explain what the terms mean in words. Now do the same for how you would incorporate the effect of prey abundance into an exponential model for a predator population’s growth. 2) Describe the ...
... 1) How would you incorporate the effect of predators into an exponential model of a prey population’s growth? Explain what the terms mean in words. Now do the same for how you would incorporate the effect of prey abundance into an exponential model for a predator population’s growth. 2) Describe the ...
013368718X_CH03_029-046.indd
... biotic factors, abiotic factors, and some components that are a mixture of both. air animals bacteria ...
... biotic factors, abiotic factors, and some components that are a mixture of both. air animals bacteria ...
Time to model all life on Earth - Department of Mathematics and
... Earth.) Yet certain computational techniques have been developed, mainly in marine ecology, that could allow researchers to model entire ecosystems using rules about the behaviour of individuals. One approach is to model collections of organisms or ‘cohorts’. The idea is that within a cohort, indivi ...
... Earth.) Yet certain computational techniques have been developed, mainly in marine ecology, that could allow researchers to model entire ecosystems using rules about the behaviour of individuals. One approach is to model collections of organisms or ‘cohorts’. The idea is that within a cohort, indivi ...
File
... Evolutionary theory predicts that features of ancestors that no longer have a function for that species will become smaller over time until they are ______________________________. 7. ____________________________ structures can be used for the same purpose and can be superficially similar in const ...
... Evolutionary theory predicts that features of ancestors that no longer have a function for that species will become smaller over time until they are ______________________________. 7. ____________________________ structures can be used for the same purpose and can be superficially similar in const ...
Ch 4 Ecosystems and Communites
... No two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time One species will be better at competing for limited resources and will eventually exclude the other species. ...
... No two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time One species will be better at competing for limited resources and will eventually exclude the other species. ...
4.2_Niches_and_Community
... No two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time One species will be better at competing for limited resources and will eventually exclude the other species. ...
... No two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time One species will be better at competing for limited resources and will eventually exclude the other species. ...
Community Ecology
... The principle of competitive exclusion states that no two species utilizing the same niche can coexist indefinitely. – one will eventually eliminate the other ...
... The principle of competitive exclusion states that no two species utilizing the same niche can coexist indefinitely. – one will eventually eliminate the other ...
Chapter 06_lecture
... Population size- the total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time. (California Condor) Population density- the number of individuals per unit area at a given time. (hunting/fishing zones) Population distribution- how individuals are distributed with respect to one another. Popul ...
... Population size- the total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time. (California Condor) Population density- the number of individuals per unit area at a given time. (hunting/fishing zones) Population distribution- how individuals are distributed with respect to one another. Popul ...
population
... • Exponential growth occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate. • The population becomes LARGER and LARGER until it approaches an infinitely large size. ...
... • Exponential growth occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate. • The population becomes LARGER and LARGER until it approaches an infinitely large size. ...
File
... X’= ax-bxy (prey-- mouse) Y’= -cy+dxy-eyz (predator-- snake) Z’= -fz+gxz (super-predator-- owl) a: natural growth rate of prey in the absence of predation b: death rate due to predation c: natural death rate of predator d: growth rate due to predation e: death rate due to predation ( ...
... X’= ax-bxy (prey-- mouse) Y’= -cy+dxy-eyz (predator-- snake) Z’= -fz+gxz (super-predator-- owl) a: natural growth rate of prey in the absence of predation b: death rate due to predation c: natural death rate of predator d: growth rate due to predation e: death rate due to predation ( ...
File
... population reproduce at a constant rate. • The population becomes LARGER and LARGER until it approaches an infinitely large size. ...
... population reproduce at a constant rate. • The population becomes LARGER and LARGER until it approaches an infinitely large size. ...
Chapter 19
... Fundamental Niche – where a given species is ABLE to live Realized Niche – where a given species actually lives because of competition ...
... Fundamental Niche – where a given species is ABLE to live Realized Niche – where a given species actually lives because of competition ...
PRACTICE PACKET UNIT 2A Part I: Introduction to Ecology
... the bottom of the tree. Do all three species occupy the same niche? Explain. ...
... the bottom of the tree. Do all three species occupy the same niche? Explain. ...
Examples of limiting factors
... • Abiotic factors determine where a species can live (temperature, precipitation, etc.) • Biotic factors determine the species’ success (number of predators, available food, etc.) • A limiting factor is any factor that places an upper limit on the size of a population. ...
... • Abiotic factors determine where a species can live (temperature, precipitation, etc.) • Biotic factors determine the species’ success (number of predators, available food, etc.) • A limiting factor is any factor that places an upper limit on the size of a population. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.