River restoration: the fuzzy logic of repairing reaches to reverse
... nitrogen removal capacity of restored Coastal Plain reaches in urban areas. They found that, during high flows when most of the N is exported, lowland reaches with gentle slopes and wider valleys have higher hydraulic retention and, therefore, capacity to retain N. Second, given that a number of stud ...
... nitrogen removal capacity of restored Coastal Plain reaches in urban areas. They found that, during high flows when most of the N is exported, lowland reaches with gentle slopes and wider valleys have higher hydraulic retention and, therefore, capacity to retain N. Second, given that a number of stud ...
1 - testbankcart.eu
... 3. Which of the following describes a fundamental difference between natural history and ecology? a. Natural history focuses on the study of animals; ecology includes the study of other types of organisms. b. Natural history ignores the effects of abiotic processes on organisms; ecology explicitly c ...
... 3. Which of the following describes a fundamental difference between natural history and ecology? a. Natural history focuses on the study of animals; ecology includes the study of other types of organisms. b. Natural history ignores the effects of abiotic processes on organisms; ecology explicitly c ...
Mikael Petersson Perturbed discrete time stochastic models
... There exists a large set of literature where different types of perturbations have been studied for Markov chains and semi-Markov processes under various assumptions. Let us first review the literature concerned with perturbed discrete time Markov chains on a finite state space. To a large extent, t ...
... There exists a large set of literature where different types of perturbations have been studied for Markov chains and semi-Markov processes under various assumptions. Let us first review the literature concerned with perturbed discrete time Markov chains on a finite state space. To a large extent, t ...
Monitoring physiological stress in semi-free
... Conservation physiology has most recently been defined as ‘an integrative scientific discipline applying physiological concepts, tools, and knowledge to characterizing biological diversity and its ecological implications; understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, and ecosystems respon ...
... Conservation physiology has most recently been defined as ‘an integrative scientific discipline applying physiological concepts, tools, and knowledge to characterizing biological diversity and its ecological implications; understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, and ecosystems respon ...
a new exotic species in florida, the bloodsucker lizard, calotes
... mostly at ground level, whereas subadults and adults spend much of their time on tree trunks, often in a head-down posture surveying for prey (Diong et al., 1994). Calotes versicolor is a very adaptable, prolific species that is commonly found in human-altered environments and can survive even in ur ...
... mostly at ground level, whereas subadults and adults spend much of their time on tree trunks, often in a head-down posture surveying for prey (Diong et al., 1994). Calotes versicolor is a very adaptable, prolific species that is commonly found in human-altered environments and can survive even in ur ...
BIOSPHERE Chapter 3
... A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself. ...
... A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself. ...
Plant growth at elevated CO2
... that includes the daily rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, the fraction of fixed carbon that is respired the same day and the carbon content of the plant material. SLA is the amount of leaf area formed per unit leaf biomass, a parameter linked to the light-intercepting capacity of a leaf. Th ...
... that includes the daily rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, the fraction of fixed carbon that is respired the same day and the carbon content of the plant material. SLA is the amount of leaf area formed per unit leaf biomass, a parameter linked to the light-intercepting capacity of a leaf. Th ...
Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Ireneusz
... bats showed no significant differences (publication in preparation). The results therefore show that neither torpor nor hibernation significantly interfere with the process of memorising in bats. It is believed that animal cognitive skills are strictly related to the environment in which the animals ...
... bats showed no significant differences (publication in preparation). The results therefore show that neither torpor nor hibernation significantly interfere with the process of memorising in bats. It is believed that animal cognitive skills are strictly related to the environment in which the animals ...
Repeated evolution of amphibious behavior in fish and its
... within the same families. This analysis focused on several ecological variables associated with factors previously implicated in prompting fish to emerge from water or that were likely to facilitate transitions between habitat types more generally: (1) Taxa tending to occupy the fringes of habitats ...
... within the same families. This analysis focused on several ecological variables associated with factors previously implicated in prompting fish to emerge from water or that were likely to facilitate transitions between habitat types more generally: (1) Taxa tending to occupy the fringes of habitats ...
landscape connectivity: a return to the basics
... In assessing the functional connectivity of a landscape, one needs to keep in mind that regions that facilitate movement need not be discrete features of the landscape such as habitat corridors, but may occur where the juxtaposition of particular habitats or land uses act to funnel dispersers betwee ...
... In assessing the functional connectivity of a landscape, one needs to keep in mind that regions that facilitate movement need not be discrete features of the landscape such as habitat corridors, but may occur where the juxtaposition of particular habitats or land uses act to funnel dispersers betwee ...
Reproductive ecology of Bombina variegata: characterisation of
... both that when all.Among theephemeral used, egg ponds temperature, areas within numbers inponds between different were also of and ponds. Egg higher among ponds compared than inthose forshorter orlonger Ponds ofintermediate duration with intermediate duration persisting periods. with larvae ofcompet ...
... both that when all.Among theephemeral used, egg ponds temperature, areas within numbers inponds between different were also of and ponds. Egg higher among ponds compared than inthose forshorter orlonger Ponds ofintermediate duration with intermediate duration persisting periods. with larvae ofcompet ...
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 477 SPONGE PREDATORS
... herbivores, such as parrotfish of the genus Sparisoma in the Caribbean (Wulff, 1997a) and of the genus Scarus, and from omnivores such as large smooth pufferfish of the genus Arothron in the tropical eastern Pacific (Wulff, 1997b). A very different relationship exists between exposed reef sponges an ...
... herbivores, such as parrotfish of the genus Sparisoma in the Caribbean (Wulff, 1997a) and of the genus Scarus, and from omnivores such as large smooth pufferfish of the genus Arothron in the tropical eastern Pacific (Wulff, 1997b). A very different relationship exists between exposed reef sponges an ...
PREDA TOR-PREY RELA TIONSHIP BETWEEN RABBIT
... University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. de Las Marismas del Guadalquivir. Arch. ...
... University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. de Las Marismas del Guadalquivir. Arch. ...
Ronald H. Karlson - MISE@University of the Ryukyus
... channel opening) and the remaining two further west (WBR) approximately 0.1004 km from IPI. At monthly intervals beginning in November 1976, an approximately 15 X 15 em area was picked, scraped, and brushed clear of all biota (mostly Z. sociatus) at each site. Another site (#17) was located just sou ...
... channel opening) and the remaining two further west (WBR) approximately 0.1004 km from IPI. At monthly intervals beginning in November 1976, an approximately 15 X 15 em area was picked, scraped, and brushed clear of all biota (mostly Z. sociatus) at each site. Another site (#17) was located just sou ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
... patch-level (‘‘island’’) measurements rather than landscapelevel measurements (Laurance, 2008). Many habitat fragmentation studies (possibly more than 50%, Fahrig, 2003; McGarigal and Cushman, 2002) measure fragmentation using patches as the unit of replication (e.g., they measure isolation and size ...
... patch-level (‘‘island’’) measurements rather than landscapelevel measurements (Laurance, 2008). Many habitat fragmentation studies (possibly more than 50%, Fahrig, 2003; McGarigal and Cushman, 2002) measure fragmentation using patches as the unit of replication (e.g., they measure isolation and size ...
Modeling Marine Ecosystem Services - Description
... for more widespread use. And finally, the world’s oceans provide the highways for the global shipping trade. Marine systems also provide a wide range of regulating services. As vividly highlighted by the human losses wrought by the 2005 hurricanes on the US Gulf Coast, coastal and estuarine wetlands ...
... for more widespread use. And finally, the world’s oceans provide the highways for the global shipping trade. Marine systems also provide a wide range of regulating services. As vividly highlighted by the human losses wrought by the 2005 hurricanes on the US Gulf Coast, coastal and estuarine wetlands ...
Ch. 43 Text
... Concept 43.4: Earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions The locations of reserves today may be unsuitable for their species in the future ...
... Concept 43.4: Earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions The locations of reserves today may be unsuitable for their species in the future ...
The Choice Axiom after Twenty Years
... whether this distribution is unique or not. That is to say, while we can reproduce any set of probabilities satisfying the choice axiom by using appropriate double exponential distributions, can we do the same thing with some different distribution? The answer is “No” provided the Thurstone model is ...
... whether this distribution is unique or not. That is to say, while we can reproduce any set of probabilities satisfying the choice axiom by using appropriate double exponential distributions, can we do the same thing with some different distribution? The answer is “No” provided the Thurstone model is ...
Air pollution and biodiversity
... used in the mid 19th century in the north of England (Smith, 1872). Maps of sulphur dioxide levels drawn using the decline of lichens as the system of measurement were available prior to the First World War. Ecological effects can be measured back for hundreds of years. More recent interest in the l ...
... used in the mid 19th century in the north of England (Smith, 1872). Maps of sulphur dioxide levels drawn using the decline of lichens as the system of measurement were available prior to the First World War. Ecological effects can be measured back for hundreds of years. More recent interest in the l ...
PhD Thesis - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
... Wild animal populations are continuously subjected to periodic disturbances by environmental and anthropogenic causes. Thereby, in this doctoral thesis, we carried out different investigations to study the behavioural and physiological stress responses of several small mammal species to different en ...
... Wild animal populations are continuously subjected to periodic disturbances by environmental and anthropogenic causes. Thereby, in this doctoral thesis, we carried out different investigations to study the behavioural and physiological stress responses of several small mammal species to different en ...
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... invariable to changes in in-situ conditions within a species, such as LCC, as seen in the study of Garnier et al. (2007), which covered 11 climatically and edaphically different sites across Europe and Israel. In contrast, some traits (such as LNC) were found to strongly covary with site conditions ...
... invariable to changes in in-situ conditions within a species, such as LCC, as seen in the study of Garnier et al. (2007), which covered 11 climatically and edaphically different sites across Europe and Israel. In contrast, some traits (such as LNC) were found to strongly covary with site conditions ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.