preliminary survey of the relationship between the feeding habit and
... the temperature nearest to that of the water where and at the time they were captured.2 Glass bottles of approximately 65 ml and 150 ml were used as experimental vessels, the size in each case being dependent on the size of the particular copepod under investigation. It was found subsequently that t ...
... the temperature nearest to that of the water where and at the time they were captured.2 Glass bottles of approximately 65 ml and 150 ml were used as experimental vessels, the size in each case being dependent on the size of the particular copepod under investigation. It was found subsequently that t ...
prey selection and predation by wolves in białowiez˙a primeval
... female. To estimate juveniles per female red deer, we used our visual observations collected in BPF in 1987–1995. Of 276 adult females and young seen (only counting observations for which sex and age of individuals could be determined), mean number of fawns per adult female was 0.9 in July and decli ...
... female. To estimate juveniles per female red deer, we used our visual observations collected in BPF in 1987–1995. Of 276 adult females and young seen (only counting observations for which sex and age of individuals could be determined), mean number of fawns per adult female was 0.9 in July and decli ...
Ecosystems - Scouts Canada
... 2. To demonstrate the incredible diversity of species which depend (directly or indirectly) on wetland habitats for their survival. ...
... 2. To demonstrate the incredible diversity of species which depend (directly or indirectly) on wetland habitats for their survival. ...
Identification of plant families associated with the predators
... Insects were collected from the plants using an entomological net or a vial of 75 × 25 mm. After field collection, the insects were spread out in a box containing ice, transported to Embrapa Hortaliças laboratory and stored in a freezer (–18 °C) until processing time. The insects collected were take ...
... Insects were collected from the plants using an entomological net or a vial of 75 × 25 mm. After field collection, the insects were spread out in a box containing ice, transported to Embrapa Hortaliças laboratory and stored in a freezer (–18 °C) until processing time. The insects collected were take ...
Key Role of European Rabbits in the Conservation of the Western
... relationships of the system. We reviewed the role of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula portion of the Mediterranean hotspot. Rabbits conspicuously alter plant species composition and vegetation structure through grazing and seed dispersal, which ...
... relationships of the system. We reviewed the role of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula portion of the Mediterranean hotspot. Rabbits conspicuously alter plant species composition and vegetation structure through grazing and seed dispersal, which ...
Fact sheet on the giant willow aphid
... Giant Willow Aphid colonises both tree and shrub willows. More information is needed on whether it favours any particular willows. Colonies prefer stems 1-2 cm in diameter. The aphid has an adverse impact on the growth of the host trees and should be considered as a potential pest species in the con ...
... Giant Willow Aphid colonises both tree and shrub willows. More information is needed on whether it favours any particular willows. Colonies prefer stems 1-2 cm in diameter. The aphid has an adverse impact on the growth of the host trees and should be considered as a potential pest species in the con ...
Habitat Characteristics Influencing Resident and Over
... as exhibiting “steeper, more consistent, and more geographically widespread declines than any other behavioral or ecological guild.” Brawn et al. (2001) addressed the breadth of the decline in grassland species by comparing population trends of different groups of species based on habitat preference ...
... as exhibiting “steeper, more consistent, and more geographically widespread declines than any other behavioral or ecological guild.” Brawn et al. (2001) addressed the breadth of the decline in grassland species by comparing population trends of different groups of species based on habitat preference ...
Terry Hughes, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for
... long-term studies of no-take reserves in the Philippines, where the biomass of large predatory fish has increased at an average annual rate of 12%, to more than six times the biomass of adjacent non-reserves (Russ, Stockwell, and Alcala 2005). Importantly, the build-up of fish stocks showed no sign ...
... long-term studies of no-take reserves in the Philippines, where the biomass of large predatory fish has increased at an average annual rate of 12%, to more than six times the biomass of adjacent non-reserves (Russ, Stockwell, and Alcala 2005). Importantly, the build-up of fish stocks showed no sign ...
habitat connectivity for carnivores in mediterranean landscapes
... when landscape connectivity is low. Roads, on the other hand, appear to be selectively permeable and may act as filters to movement. On average, 47 carnivores/100 km/year were road-killed, with red fox suffering the highest mortality. Some species were more vulnerable during specific life history pe ...
... when landscape connectivity is low. Roads, on the other hand, appear to be selectively permeable and may act as filters to movement. On average, 47 carnivores/100 km/year were road-killed, with red fox suffering the highest mortality. Some species were more vulnerable during specific life history pe ...
Wildlife Populations in the Pacaya
... periods the fish enter the flooded forests and feed on the abundance of vegetative and animal production, especially the abundance of fruits, invertebrates and other living organisms trapped in the annual floods. Indeed, many tree species fruit during this season and rely on the fish as their pri ...
... periods the fish enter the flooded forests and feed on the abundance of vegetative and animal production, especially the abundance of fruits, invertebrates and other living organisms trapped in the annual floods. Indeed, many tree species fruit during this season and rely on the fish as their pri ...
Direct and indirect consequences of dominant plants in arid
... Table 1. Summary of the four possible indirect outcomes based on direct and indirect interaction indices. Greater-than or lower-than symbols indicate significant differences that are considered to determine the respective indirect outcome. Adapted from Michalet et al. (2015a, b). ................... ...
... Table 1. Summary of the four possible indirect outcomes based on direct and indirect interaction indices. Greater-than or lower-than symbols indicate significant differences that are considered to determine the respective indirect outcome. Adapted from Michalet et al. (2015a, b). ................... ...
- Wiley Online Library
... and crustaceans (Kleypas et al. 2006; Hofmann et al. 2010). Much less is known about how changes in ocean chemistry may affect other species such as fishes (Ishimatsu, Hayashi & Kikkawa 2008). A recent meta-analysis (Kroeker et al. 2010) shows that only 25% of the 198 tests reporting ocean ...
... and crustaceans (Kleypas et al. 2006; Hofmann et al. 2010). Much less is known about how changes in ocean chemistry may affect other species such as fishes (Ishimatsu, Hayashi & Kikkawa 2008). A recent meta-analysis (Kroeker et al. 2010) shows that only 25% of the 198 tests reporting ocean ...
The Biology of Limpets, part 2, Branch
... the cold-water west coast, since their spawning occurs at a time when differences between the water temperatures of the warm and cold coasts are at their greatest. Temperature has often been suggested as a cue for spawning, but this cannot be assumed solely from field data, since if temperature fluc ...
... the cold-water west coast, since their spawning occurs at a time when differences between the water temperatures of the warm and cold coasts are at their greatest. Temperature has often been suggested as a cue for spawning, but this cannot be assumed solely from field data, since if temperature fluc ...
CHAPTER III: Native and nonnative phylogenetically paired plant
... Figure I.1 The proportion of times single (A) or multiple (B) invasive plants were of concern within conservation habitats and in the published literature...................... 33 Figure I.2 The presence of co-occurring invasive plant species is increasing, creating a variety of multiple invasion sc ...
... Figure I.1 The proportion of times single (A) or multiple (B) invasive plants were of concern within conservation habitats and in the published literature...................... 33 Figure I.2 The presence of co-occurring invasive plant species is increasing, creating a variety of multiple invasion sc ...
108790 No Species Text Q6 - Department of Environment, Water
... Loss are set for 2010–2030. This timeframe allows for some changes that need to happen relatively quickly, and for the longer term change in the trajectory of South Australia’s biodiversity decline, with time to evaluate and refine strategies. Coordinated leadership and support is essential. Governm ...
... Loss are set for 2010–2030. This timeframe allows for some changes that need to happen relatively quickly, and for the longer term change in the trajectory of South Australia’s biodiversity decline, with time to evaluate and refine strategies. Coordinated leadership and support is essential. Governm ...
Predator size-prey size relationships of marine fish
... This study utilizes data collected during 1973 to 1990 for which both predator size and prey size information was obtained. Although collection of prey size data during this period was aimed at obtaining measurements for fishes and commercially important invertebrates such as squid, shrimp, and crab ...
... This study utilizes data collected during 1973 to 1990 for which both predator size and prey size information was obtained. Although collection of prey size data during this period was aimed at obtaining measurements for fishes and commercially important invertebrates such as squid, shrimp, and crab ...
Diet of coastal foraging Eurasian otters ( L.) in Pembrokeshire
... be determined, so that potential conflict with human industrial and recreational activities can be assessed and incorporated into conservation management plans. Trophic niche describes the way an organism utilises food resources within its environment (Begon et al. 1996). It is important to study ca ...
... be determined, so that potential conflict with human industrial and recreational activities can be assessed and incorporated into conservation management plans. Trophic niche describes the way an organism utilises food resources within its environment (Begon et al. 1996). It is important to study ca ...
Bee diversity effects on pollination depend on functional
... pollinator diversity and abundance have been recognized, raising concerns about a pollination crisis of crops and wild plants. However, experimental evidence for effects of pollinator species diversity on plant reproduction is extremely scarce. We established communities with 1–5 bee species to test ...
... pollinator diversity and abundance have been recognized, raising concerns about a pollination crisis of crops and wild plants. However, experimental evidence for effects of pollinator species diversity on plant reproduction is extremely scarce. We established communities with 1–5 bee species to test ...
Feeding responses of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) to different wild
... known of the role of rabbits in the diet of red foxes at a regional scale with varying rabbit abundance. The overall response of predators to changing prey populations has been divided into two components: the numerical and the functional responses (Solomon 1949). The numerical response describes ho ...
... known of the role of rabbits in the diet of red foxes at a regional scale with varying rabbit abundance. The overall response of predators to changing prey populations has been divided into two components: the numerical and the functional responses (Solomon 1949). The numerical response describes ho ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem services: does species diversity
... representing the utility factor of nature: our natural capital. Examples of this changing position of nature in society are for instance the recent Governmental report on nature and society: ‘A natural way forward’ (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2014) and ‘The role of nature for sustainability’ (Opd ...
... representing the utility factor of nature: our natural capital. Examples of this changing position of nature in society are for instance the recent Governmental report on nature and society: ‘A natural way forward’ (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2014) and ‘The role of nature for sustainability’ (Opd ...
Seagrasses in the age of sea turtle conservation and
... not to the extent that seagrasses in areas with much higher turtle densities are. This suggests that large-scale seagrass declines in many locations with increasing turtle populations may not represent a return to a natural state and may be grazed well below seagrass biomasses that might have existe ...
... not to the extent that seagrasses in areas with much higher turtle densities are. This suggests that large-scale seagrass declines in many locations with increasing turtle populations may not represent a return to a natural state and may be grazed well below seagrass biomasses that might have existe ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.