Striped Bass Predation on Bass and Crappie
... bass stomachs and found approximately 95% of the content was shad. Most of these shad were 1-4 inches in size. Seventeen hybrid stripers were also examined for stomach content. These also contained about 93% shad. Filipek (1984) found during a food habit study of Lake Hamilton, Arkansas, the striped ...
... bass stomachs and found approximately 95% of the content was shad. Most of these shad were 1-4 inches in size. Seventeen hybrid stripers were also examined for stomach content. These also contained about 93% shad. Filipek (1984) found during a food habit study of Lake Hamilton, Arkansas, the striped ...
English version
... We are grateful to many individuals and institutions whose contribution, support and commitment facilitated the preparation of this Fifth National Report on Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We cannot mention all of them, but we value the support and inputs of all who w ...
... We are grateful to many individuals and institutions whose contribution, support and commitment facilitated the preparation of this Fifth National Report on Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We cannot mention all of them, but we value the support and inputs of all who w ...
Factors affecting food preference in a widespread intertidal isopod
... against the physical environment (e.g. wave stress, dessication) (Nicotri, 1980) or shelter against predators (Hay et al., 1988a,b). Little more is known about many other aspects of their feeding ecology; for instance, how the grazers rank the algae in terms of preference. A possibility is that sele ...
... against the physical environment (e.g. wave stress, dessication) (Nicotri, 1980) or shelter against predators (Hay et al., 1988a,b). Little more is known about many other aspects of their feeding ecology; for instance, how the grazers rank the algae in terms of preference. A possibility is that sele ...
(2013) Defensive posture and eyespots deter avian predators from
... with eyespots, it is possible that the defensive posture may serve as a predator deterrent in itself. To disentangle the protective value of eyespots and widened anterior body segments, we created four types of artificial caterpillar in a 22 factorial design and deployed them on tree branches in the ...
... with eyespots, it is possible that the defensive posture may serve as a predator deterrent in itself. To disentangle the protective value of eyespots and widened anterior body segments, we created four types of artificial caterpillar in a 22 factorial design and deployed them on tree branches in the ...
The piglet case: commensalism as a distinct category of intraspecific
... (between species) and intraspecific (within species). Interspecific relationships, termed symbiosis (Martin & Schwab 2013), are considered very diverse, and include protocooperation (+/+; facultative, not obligatory, cooperation) and mutualism (+/+) – both represent cooperative relationships, and an ...
... (between species) and intraspecific (within species). Interspecific relationships, termed symbiosis (Martin & Schwab 2013), are considered very diverse, and include protocooperation (+/+; facultative, not obligatory, cooperation) and mutualism (+/+) – both represent cooperative relationships, and an ...
SSABSA support materials
... the information the data has provided the validity of any height predictions made using either of these methods any assumptions and limitations of the investigation. Teacher’s Note This task would lend itself to working with another student or small group in the collection of data and the inve ...
... the information the data has provided the validity of any height predictions made using either of these methods any assumptions and limitations of the investigation. Teacher’s Note This task would lend itself to working with another student or small group in the collection of data and the inve ...
Ecology and conservation biology of ground beetles - REAL-d
... This Thesis summarises my studies on ground beetles in five sub-areas. For any field of science, it is important to have periodical reviews, syntheses of known information. The first part is based on such a review (Lövei & Sunderland 1996), and briefly describes the main features of the ecology and ...
... This Thesis summarises my studies on ground beetles in five sub-areas. For any field of science, it is important to have periodical reviews, syntheses of known information. The first part is based on such a review (Lövei & Sunderland 1996), and briefly describes the main features of the ecology and ...
european mink
... stock of the European mink EEP Program (Table 1) maintained in SPARKS (www.isis.org)database. The captive breeding data cover early periods in the EEP Program, when breeding in captivity was not entirely effective but every effort was made to gain success, and the recent periods when at least part o ...
... stock of the European mink EEP Program (Table 1) maintained in SPARKS (www.isis.org)database. The captive breeding data cover early periods in the EEP Program, when breeding in captivity was not entirely effective but every effort was made to gain success, and the recent periods when at least part o ...
Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals That Agricultural Habitat Provides
... Key Words: carbon-13, nitrogen-15, shorebirds, non-breeding ecology, supratidal habitat use, Calidris alpina pacifica, diet ...
... Key Words: carbon-13, nitrogen-15, shorebirds, non-breeding ecology, supratidal habitat use, Calidris alpina pacifica, diet ...
Predation on large millipedes and self-assembling chains
... numerous workers. The involvement of additional workers on the millipede’s underside is intriguing (Fig. 2): it is unclear if they are pulling or pushing forward. Experiments are needed to determine if these workers lift the prey to reduce friction with the ground, or exert a pulling force sideways. ...
... numerous workers. The involvement of additional workers on the millipede’s underside is intriguing (Fig. 2): it is unclear if they are pulling or pushing forward. Experiments are needed to determine if these workers lift the prey to reduce friction with the ground, or exert a pulling force sideways. ...
allopatry in Batesian mimicry complexes Mimics without models
... Although evolutionary biologists have long known about Batesian mimicry, many aspects of its evolution remain unclear (reviewed in Sherratt 2002; Brodie & Brodie 2004; Ruxton et al. 2004). One issue requiring clarification is whether and how a mimic can occur in the absence of its model (Pfennig et ...
... Although evolutionary biologists have long known about Batesian mimicry, many aspects of its evolution remain unclear (reviewed in Sherratt 2002; Brodie & Brodie 2004; Ruxton et al. 2004). One issue requiring clarification is whether and how a mimic can occur in the absence of its model (Pfennig et ...
The Decimation of Endemic Hawaiian Tree
... studies, were converted to ages, and divided newborn snails per adult per year. Addiinto year classes that were then analyzed by tional estimates were calculated for all posthe Manly-Parr method and "spot checked" sible 12-month intervals between January by the application of Petersen indices (see 1 ...
... studies, were converted to ages, and divided newborn snails per adult per year. Addiinto year classes that were then analyzed by tional estimates were calculated for all posthe Manly-Parr method and "spot checked" sible 12-month intervals between January by the application of Petersen indices (see 1 ...
Physical Features Life History Food Habits and Behavior Predators
... Pikas are particularly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions. Ambient temperatures of 80°F can be lethal in as little as six hours. To avoid overheating, pikas cool off under the rocks, thus reducing critical foraging time. While high summer temperatures may reduce much‐needed foraging, freez ...
... Pikas are particularly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions. Ambient temperatures of 80°F can be lethal in as little as six hours. To avoid overheating, pikas cool off under the rocks, thus reducing critical foraging time. While high summer temperatures may reduce much‐needed foraging, freez ...
Plant competition in mediterranean
... of classical self-thinning patterns may be because competition is not for light only, because there is an increasing death rate with age, or because populations are not even-aged and differences in establishment produced different adult mortality rates. Traditionally, spacing analyses verify that po ...
... of classical self-thinning patterns may be because competition is not for light only, because there is an increasing death rate with age, or because populations are not even-aged and differences in establishment produced different adult mortality rates. Traditionally, spacing analyses verify that po ...
Dealing with uncertainty and risk: Use of multipliers and discount rates
... (Denne & Bond-Smith 2011; BBOP 2012a). The use of discount rates is not universally agreed because there are differing views about whether society values biodiversity in the same way that it does money. Multipliers based on time discounting can be very large when used with offset activities that tak ...
... (Denne & Bond-Smith 2011; BBOP 2012a). The use of discount rates is not universally agreed because there are differing views about whether society values biodiversity in the same way that it does money. Multipliers based on time discounting can be very large when used with offset activities that tak ...
I
... of both initial loss following human disturbances and recovery following protection across a wide range of levels of degradation (Table 1) and help to identify observations and experiments needed to test alternative hypotheses. Although uncertainties remain, these studies show that local conditions ...
... of both initial loss following human disturbances and recovery following protection across a wide range of levels of degradation (Table 1) and help to identify observations and experiments needed to test alternative hypotheses. Although uncertainties remain, these studies show that local conditions ...
global strategy for addressing the problem of invasive alien species
... world. Indeed, the lives of people everywhere have been greatly enriched by being able to gain access to a greater share of the world's biological diversity. Expanding global trade is providing additional opportunities for further such enrichment, as well as imposing new species on ecosystems. 2. A ...
... world. Indeed, the lives of people everywhere have been greatly enriched by being able to gain access to a greater share of the world's biological diversity. Expanding global trade is providing additional opportunities for further such enrichment, as well as imposing new species on ecosystems. 2. A ...
Longitudinal monitoring of parasites in individual wild primates
... In principle, this method works for all species of nematode, including free-living soil nematodes. Nevertheless, the resolution of identification do not allow for species-level identification. The variation in the parasite community inside individual hosts was extensive, but at the population level ...
... In principle, this method works for all species of nematode, including free-living soil nematodes. Nevertheless, the resolution of identification do not allow for species-level identification. The variation in the parasite community inside individual hosts was extensive, but at the population level ...
Herbicidal effect of Ailanthus altissima leaves water extracts on
... concentration of extracts. Although between groups 2 and 3 there was no significant difference in seedling emergence, the difference between other groups, especially group 1 and control group showed the strong inhibitory effect A. altissima extracts had on germination of M. sativa seeds. This effect ...
... concentration of extracts. Although between groups 2 and 3 there was no significant difference in seedling emergence, the difference between other groups, especially group 1 and control group showed the strong inhibitory effect A. altissima extracts had on germination of M. sativa seeds. This effect ...
Species interactions - Lakeland Regional High School
... entities - Its members remain associated over space and time - The community shared similar limiting factors and evolutionary histories • Henry Gleason = maintained that each species responds independently to its own limiting factors - Species can join or leave communities without greatly altering t ...
... entities - Its members remain associated over space and time - The community shared similar limiting factors and evolutionary histories • Henry Gleason = maintained that each species responds independently to its own limiting factors - Species can join or leave communities without greatly altering t ...
Interactions among grasses, shrubs, and
... two-phase mosaic structure is common in arid and semiarid ecosystems and may be the result of the interactions between grasses and shrubs (Sala and Aguiar 1996, Aguiar and Sala, in press). Establishment of new individuals of grasses is controlled by seed distribution, as well as by competition and f ...
... two-phase mosaic structure is common in arid and semiarid ecosystems and may be the result of the interactions between grasses and shrubs (Sala and Aguiar 1996, Aguiar and Sala, in press). Establishment of new individuals of grasses is controlled by seed distribution, as well as by competition and f ...
Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem stability: distinguishing between
... also because of the consequences for the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. Consequently, ecologists have focused for decades on testing the idea that systems with more species are more stable. The results, however, have been complex and inconsistent. In particular, it is still uncle ...
... also because of the consequences for the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. Consequently, ecologists have focused for decades on testing the idea that systems with more species are more stable. The results, however, have been complex and inconsistent. In particular, it is still uncle ...
practicequiz12.aquaticbio
... What federal agency is responsible for undoing the development of the Everglades that the same agency has done since the 1940's? a. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers b. U.S. Navy c. U.S. Department of Agriculture d. Soil Conservation Service e. U.S. Department of Energy The lesson of the Florida Everglad ...
... What federal agency is responsible for undoing the development of the Everglades that the same agency has done since the 1940's? a. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers b. U.S. Navy c. U.S. Department of Agriculture d. Soil Conservation Service e. U.S. Department of Energy The lesson of the Florida Everglad ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.