Lecture Outline
... b. Example: After twelve pairs of European rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859, the population exploded. Similar results have occurred when goats and pigs have escaped from captivity and established large, wild populations in areas that lack their natural predators or diseases. c. In the po ...
... b. Example: After twelve pairs of European rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859, the population exploded. Similar results have occurred when goats and pigs have escaped from captivity and established large, wild populations in areas that lack their natural predators or diseases. c. In the po ...
Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
... Organismal ecology: niche • Niche = an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community ...
Hardy Headlines - Texas Master Naturalist
... tops and in valleys. They are a source of food both directly—acorns, and indirectly—insects . Originally the land around San Antonio had a balance of grasses, shrubs, small plants Live Oak and Ashe Juniper, maintained by roaming grazers and natural fire. Fenced livestock and fire suppression made it ...
... tops and in valleys. They are a source of food both directly—acorns, and indirectly—insects . Originally the land around San Antonio had a balance of grasses, shrubs, small plants Live Oak and Ashe Juniper, maintained by roaming grazers and natural fire. Fenced livestock and fire suppression made it ...
Ecology and Ecosystems - Baltic University Programme
... not explain what it is. This is, however, what we will do in this chapter. Ecology is, strictly speaking, a field of biology. The environment and the species living in it make up the ecosystems, which are studied by ecologists. Ecology describes the detailed connections between the environment and t ...
... not explain what it is. This is, however, what we will do in this chapter. Ecology is, strictly speaking, a field of biology. The environment and the species living in it make up the ecosystems, which are studied by ecologists. Ecology describes the detailed connections between the environment and t ...
Logic of experiments in ecology: is pseudoreplication a
... the paper can be summarized in the following three points. First, it is impossible to infer causal relationships from unreplicated experiments, because interactions between spatial and temporal variation in the system can then account for apparent treatment effects. Second, logically sound induction ...
... the paper can be summarized in the following three points. First, it is impossible to infer causal relationships from unreplicated experiments, because interactions between spatial and temporal variation in the system can then account for apparent treatment effects. Second, logically sound induction ...
Logic of experiments in ecology: is pseudoreplication a
... the paper can be summarized in the following three points. First, it is impossible to infer causal relationships from unreplicated experiments, because interactions between spatial and temporal variation in the system can then account for apparent treatment effects. Second, logically sound induction ...
... the paper can be summarized in the following three points. First, it is impossible to infer causal relationships from unreplicated experiments, because interactions between spatial and temporal variation in the system can then account for apparent treatment effects. Second, logically sound induction ...
Print Version 1.23 MB - Ohio Sea Grant
... AIS can get to Lake Erie from just about anywhere in the world. In the Great Lakes, there are invasive species from many different regions, including zebra mussels from Eurasia and common reed from Europe. Regardless of where they originate, humans are almost always involved in introducing a nonnati ...
... AIS can get to Lake Erie from just about anywhere in the world. In the Great Lakes, there are invasive species from many different regions, including zebra mussels from Eurasia and common reed from Europe. Regardless of where they originate, humans are almost always involved in introducing a nonnati ...
Ground Rules, exams, etc. (no “make up” exams) Text: read
... Pollinating “vectors” — high degree of plant-animal specificity assures that pollen will not be wasted. Costs versus benefits to both plant and pollinator. Must provide large enough reward to make it worthwhile for pollinator to visit flower, but small enough to assure that the pollinator will conti ...
... Pollinating “vectors” — high degree of plant-animal specificity assures that pollen will not be wasted. Costs versus benefits to both plant and pollinator. Must provide large enough reward to make it worthwhile for pollinator to visit flower, but small enough to assure that the pollinator will conti ...
Climate change and species interactions: ways forward
... data and environmental variables, and transferability of outputs across space and time create a valuable guide for practitioners. Anderson also discusses possible approaches for incorporating biotic interactions into coupled models, most notably using biotic variables as additional environmental pre ...
... data and environmental variables, and transferability of outputs across space and time create a valuable guide for practitioners. Anderson also discusses possible approaches for incorporating biotic interactions into coupled models, most notably using biotic variables as additional environmental pre ...
Chapter 13 - Arcanum
... • An organism may have multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem. • A food web emphasizes complicated feeding relationships and energy flow in an ecosystem. ...
... • An organism may have multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem. • A food web emphasizes complicated feeding relationships and energy flow in an ecosystem. ...
Biology Second Semester Final Study Guide
... List the ecological levels of organization from the largest to the smallest. What is a trophic level? Which type of organism is always at the bottom of the ecological pyramid? Why? What is the 10% rule? Compare and contrast between a food chain and a food web. What is a niche? Compare and contrast b ...
... List the ecological levels of organization from the largest to the smallest. What is a trophic level? Which type of organism is always at the bottom of the ecological pyramid? Why? What is the 10% rule? Compare and contrast between a food chain and a food web. What is a niche? Compare and contrast b ...
File
... A Species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Ecosystem, Community, Population, Habitat A Biome is made up of connected Ecosystems An Ecosystem is made up of many habitats and all the organisms and the non-living factors in one particular area A Habitat ...
... A Species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Ecosystem, Community, Population, Habitat A Biome is made up of connected Ecosystems An Ecosystem is made up of many habitats and all the organisms and the non-living factors in one particular area A Habitat ...
The EUREC M.Sc. In Renewable Energy
... polychaetes, populate softer bottoms; fish, sea stars, snails, cephalopods, and crustaceans are important predators; benthic organisms, such as sea stars, oysters, clams, sea cucumbers, brittle stars and sea anemones, play an important role as a food source for fish and humans. ...
... polychaetes, populate softer bottoms; fish, sea stars, snails, cephalopods, and crustaceans are important predators; benthic organisms, such as sea stars, oysters, clams, sea cucumbers, brittle stars and sea anemones, play an important role as a food source for fish and humans. ...
Accidental experiments: ecological and evolutionary insights and
... basic studies and a problem to resolve or quantify in applied studies. However, these ‘accidental experiments’ also represent opportunities to gain fundamental insight into ecological and evolutionary processes, especially when they result in perturbations that are large or long in duration and diffic ...
... basic studies and a problem to resolve or quantify in applied studies. However, these ‘accidental experiments’ also represent opportunities to gain fundamental insight into ecological and evolutionary processes, especially when they result in perturbations that are large or long in duration and diffic ...
How parasites divide resources: a test of the niche apportionment
... some cases, when a non-random parasite community structure is observed in one host species, it is not necessarily repeatable in space or time, i.e. seen again in the same population at other times, or seen at all in adjacent host populations (Poulin & Valtonen 2002). Analyses based on parasite speci ...
... some cases, when a non-random parasite community structure is observed in one host species, it is not necessarily repeatable in space or time, i.e. seen again in the same population at other times, or seen at all in adjacent host populations (Poulin & Valtonen 2002). Analyses based on parasite speci ...
Curriculum Planner (Department of Botany, Kalindi College) Course
... 2. Sharma, P.D. (2010) Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 8 th edition. 3. Simpson, M.G. (2006). Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, ...
... 2. Sharma, P.D. (2010) Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 8 th edition. 3. Simpson, M.G. (2006). Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, ...
Carrying Capacity
... 8. How many years did the population stay at the second carrying capacity? ...
... 8. How many years did the population stay at the second carrying capacity? ...
Chapter 11
... Field observations are consistent with this explanation of why competitive exclusion occurs in some cases, but not others. ...
... Field observations are consistent with this explanation of why competitive exclusion occurs in some cases, but not others. ...
Invasiveness in plant communities with feedbacks
... frequency. Introduced species in this quadrant may still be considered problematic, if the stable equilibrium is far to the left. Unconditional invasion quadrant When d1 is negative and d2 is positive (Fig. 1d), S2 is predicted to invade and fully replace S1, as the growth rate of S2 is higher than ...
... frequency. Introduced species in this quadrant may still be considered problematic, if the stable equilibrium is far to the left. Unconditional invasion quadrant When d1 is negative and d2 is positive (Fig. 1d), S2 is predicted to invade and fully replace S1, as the growth rate of S2 is higher than ...
Qualitative stability and digraphs in model ecosystems
... except lines in cycles. T h e cycles, according to condition (iv), must be 1-cycles or 2-cycles. Thus the digraph associated with a,, actually consists of one or more independent predation communities. It remains only to demonstrate that the eigenvalues of each such predation community have non-posi ...
... except lines in cycles. T h e cycles, according to condition (iv), must be 1-cycles or 2-cycles. Thus the digraph associated with a,, actually consists of one or more independent predation communities. It remains only to demonstrate that the eigenvalues of each such predation community have non-posi ...
FOOD WEBS
... I think it is for food webs. That’s why Food Webs is being reprinted. It’s also why this foreword has the structure it does. Food Webs has four major themes: (i) The majority of communities consist of stable populations, that is, those showing a tendency to return to an equilibrium density when pert ...
... I think it is for food webs. That’s why Food Webs is being reprinted. It’s also why this foreword has the structure it does. Food Webs has four major themes: (i) The majority of communities consist of stable populations, that is, those showing a tendency to return to an equilibrium density when pert ...
Morphological patterns of five fish species (four characiforms, one
... proximities to each other, exhibited indications of morphological adjustments probably associated to adaptive divergence. Three well-defined trophic groups were confirmed by the cluster analysis. The ecomorphology was effective in predicting feeding habits and aspects of locomotion, and the eventual co ...
... proximities to each other, exhibited indications of morphological adjustments probably associated to adaptive divergence. Three well-defined trophic groups were confirmed by the cluster analysis. The ecomorphology was effective in predicting feeding habits and aspects of locomotion, and the eventual co ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.