Proposed statement on eco-justice and ecological
... Ecological debt arises from various causal mechanisms. Under the current financial architecture, countries of the South are pressured through loan conditionalities, as well as multilateral and bilateral trade and investment agreements, to pursue export-oriented and resource-intensive growth strategi ...
... Ecological debt arises from various causal mechanisms. Under the current financial architecture, countries of the South are pressured through loan conditionalities, as well as multilateral and bilateral trade and investment agreements, to pursue export-oriented and resource-intensive growth strategi ...
Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity`s Future
... roughly one billion people who experience malnourishment today do so because of problems with food distribution [3]). However, in a future without a viable replacement for fossil fuels or some alternative means of sustainable food production, a lack of food will lead to increased death and/or decrea ...
... roughly one billion people who experience malnourishment today do so because of problems with food distribution [3]). However, in a future without a viable replacement for fossil fuels or some alternative means of sustainable food production, a lack of food will lead to increased death and/or decrea ...
Chapter 5: Ecology and evolution: Populations, communities, and
... Insects are the most likely candidates for this type of speciation. Many insects are specialized to feed only on certain types of plants. Monarch butterfly caterpillars feed only on milkweed plants, for instance, and thousands of kinds of beetles, aphids, and other insects likewise depend on single ...
... Insects are the most likely candidates for this type of speciation. Many insects are specialized to feed only on certain types of plants. Monarch butterfly caterpillars feed only on milkweed plants, for instance, and thousands of kinds of beetles, aphids, and other insects likewise depend on single ...
The Origin of Diversity
... Disease, in contrast: 1.Has an instantaneous effect on fitness as a function of density changes; 2. Evolves very fast, because disease-bearing agents are usually small parasites with short generation times. How common is predation vs. disease as agent of death throughout the different forms of life? ...
... Disease, in contrast: 1.Has an instantaneous effect on fitness as a function of density changes; 2. Evolves very fast, because disease-bearing agents are usually small parasites with short generation times. How common is predation vs. disease as agent of death throughout the different forms of life? ...
biomechanical approach for force analysis of human body
... pulling, applying force etc. The various mechanical factors results into adverse effect on the body. In order to face these changes some corrective action should be taken. Various mathematical models are best suited to study the changes. These models are helpful in determining the forces and structu ...
... pulling, applying force etc. The various mechanical factors results into adverse effect on the body. In order to face these changes some corrective action should be taken. Various mathematical models are best suited to study the changes. These models are helpful in determining the forces and structu ...
The Evolution and
... Succession can also be . . . Secondary succession – this occurs where a community is disturbed but not completely destroyed; it has some soil and life remaining. For instance, after most forest fires, or in an abandoned farm field, or after a really bad storm surge from a hurricane, and like what h ...
... Succession can also be . . . Secondary succession – this occurs where a community is disturbed but not completely destroyed; it has some soil and life remaining. For instance, after most forest fires, or in an abandoned farm field, or after a really bad storm surge from a hurricane, and like what h ...
Tropical Bird Communities
... speciation for a continent) and extinction rates. In other words, the size of an area (i.e. available habitats for colonizing and competing species) and its isolation (i.e. probability of colonization by new species) should determine the number of species a given area will have at equilibrium. Anoth ...
... speciation for a continent) and extinction rates. In other words, the size of an area (i.e. available habitats for colonizing and competing species) and its isolation (i.e. probability of colonization by new species) should determine the number of species a given area will have at equilibrium. Anoth ...
Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress
... d.f. ¼ 1, 93, P , 0.001. For the nine locations where plants were harvested, RNEbiomass was 20.22 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.25 ^ 0.02 at the high sites. For the nine locations where leaf growth rates were measured RNEleaf growth was 0.33 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.16 ^ 0.0 ...
... d.f. ¼ 1, 93, P , 0.001. For the nine locations where plants were harvested, RNEbiomass was 20.22 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.25 ^ 0.02 at the high sites. For the nine locations where leaf growth rates were measured RNEleaf growth was 0.33 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.16 ^ 0.0 ...
Moving beyond static species distribution models in support of
... scale factors or their surrogates being incorporated as static predictor maps into SDM (reviewed in Franklin, 2009), these authors also noted that modellers have begun linking SDMs to more dynamic models of dispersal and species migration, disturbance (landscape dynamics) and demographic processes ( ...
... scale factors or their surrogates being incorporated as static predictor maps into SDM (reviewed in Franklin, 2009), these authors also noted that modellers have begun linking SDMs to more dynamic models of dispersal and species migration, disturbance (landscape dynamics) and demographic processes ( ...
Ecological non-monotonicity and its effects on complexity and
... 1931). As shown in Fig. 2a, the fitness of many organisms as measured by reproduction and survival (which will determine the population’s increase rate) is often maximal in the middle of an environment gradient (e.g. temperature, salinity, rainfall). Fitness would decrease when the environment gradie ...
... 1931). As shown in Fig. 2a, the fitness of many organisms as measured by reproduction and survival (which will determine the population’s increase rate) is often maximal in the middle of an environment gradient (e.g. temperature, salinity, rainfall). Fitness would decrease when the environment gradie ...
Reprint
... If two species exhibit different nonlinear responses to a single shared resource, and if each species modifies the resource dynamics such that this favors its competitor, they may stably coexist. This coexistence mechanism, known as relative nonlinearity of competition, is well understood theoretica ...
... If two species exhibit different nonlinear responses to a single shared resource, and if each species modifies the resource dynamics such that this favors its competitor, they may stably coexist. This coexistence mechanism, known as relative nonlinearity of competition, is well understood theoretica ...
Chapter 02 - Moore Public Schools
... How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry out the process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is the food product made during this process. Glucose production can be used as a means for measuring the rate at which the process of photosynthesis is occurring. ...
... How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry out the process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is the food product made during this process. Glucose production can be used as a means for measuring the rate at which the process of photosynthesis is occurring. ...
CIRCLE BELOW 3 OF THE 5
... “crimes” committed by the parasite; in other words, describe how the parasite harms the host and how it benefits from the “crimes” it commits. Thank You Letter: Letter from the organism that benefits in a commensalism relationship to the organism that is unaffected by the relationship. Letter sho ...
... “crimes” committed by the parasite; in other words, describe how the parasite harms the host and how it benefits from the “crimes” it commits. Thank You Letter: Letter from the organism that benefits in a commensalism relationship to the organism that is unaffected by the relationship. Letter sho ...
PDF file - University of Washington
... Stebbing, 1888 which in their smallest stages live inside the stomach and canal system presumably feeding on partially digested prey of Aequorea; larger specimens are later found on the exumbrella, grazing on subumbrellar structures, or burrowed into the jelly. The proportion of Aequorea medusae car ...
... Stebbing, 1888 which in their smallest stages live inside the stomach and canal system presumably feeding on partially digested prey of Aequorea; larger specimens are later found on the exumbrella, grazing on subumbrellar structures, or burrowed into the jelly. The proportion of Aequorea medusae car ...
Neutral Ecological Theory Reveals Isolation and Rapid Speciation
... within a Bmetacommunity,[ which is a very large collection of similar organisms found across a biogeographic region (4). This parameter is twice the product of the size of the metacommunity Jm (a very large number) and the speciation rate u, which is the number of new species arising per birth (a ve ...
... within a Bmetacommunity,[ which is a very large collection of similar organisms found across a biogeographic region (4). This parameter is twice the product of the size of the metacommunity Jm (a very large number) and the speciation rate u, which is the number of new species arising per birth (a ve ...
Variables and indicators for FS rapid assessment - missions
... Income generating activities developed in the area (including those that are also used for food production) Proportion of the population that are developing income generating activities Number of people in the household involved in the activities Coping mechanisms used by the population ...
... Income generating activities developed in the area (including those that are also used for food production) Proportion of the population that are developing income generating activities Number of people in the household involved in the activities Coping mechanisms used by the population ...
Chapter 52 notes
... Exponential population growth: population whose members all have access to abundant food and are free to reproduce at their physiological capacity o Under these conditions, the per capita rate of increase may assume the maximum rate for the species, called the intrinsic rate of increase (rmax) Equat ...
... Exponential population growth: population whose members all have access to abundant food and are free to reproduce at their physiological capacity o Under these conditions, the per capita rate of increase may assume the maximum rate for the species, called the intrinsic rate of increase (rmax) Equat ...
overview - Santa Fe Institute
... a particular state – the ball and cusp metaphor of a basin around an equilibrium. Few if any systems are ever in equilibrium, but centripetal dynamics around a shifting equilibrium state keep the system within a configuration of states. Examination of a variety of systems (eg Gunderson and Holling 2 ...
... a particular state – the ball and cusp metaphor of a basin around an equilibrium. Few if any systems are ever in equilibrium, but centripetal dynamics around a shifting equilibrium state keep the system within a configuration of states. Examination of a variety of systems (eg Gunderson and Holling 2 ...
Connectivity between protected areas as an adaptation strategy for
... • No surface area target; no clear ecological objectives; lack of legal binding measures for stakeholders • Result: some measures for small landscape elements, but lack of coherence; no robust corridors; unsufficient bufferzones along waterways,… ...
... • No surface area target; no clear ecological objectives; lack of legal binding measures for stakeholders • Result: some measures for small landscape elements, but lack of coherence; no robust corridors; unsufficient bufferzones along waterways,… ...
University of Chester Department of Biological Sciences For general
... poorly understood. Toucans are generally considered frugivorous but have been seen feeding on eggs, nestlings and small mammals. Co-operative hunting behaviour of small birds has also been observed. This study will use citizen science survey techniques alongside field observations to study the feedi ...
... poorly understood. Toucans are generally considered frugivorous but have been seen feeding on eggs, nestlings and small mammals. Co-operative hunting behaviour of small birds has also been observed. This study will use citizen science survey techniques alongside field observations to study the feedi ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.