Knowing Your Warblers
... problem: five species of Dendroica coexist in mature boreal forest, so similar in form and food that leading ornithologists note they may be an ...interesting exception to the general rule that species either are limited by different factors or differences in habitat or range. The warbler paper focu ...
... problem: five species of Dendroica coexist in mature boreal forest, so similar in form and food that leading ornithologists note they may be an ...interesting exception to the general rule that species either are limited by different factors or differences in habitat or range. The warbler paper focu ...
Species Packing in Dusky Salamanders
... mechanics being very similar, all three feed close to the ground. Like most amphibians, all three species are also nocturnal. Thus, there is much overlap in their fundamental niches (Hairston 1964, 1973; Krzysik 1979). In this field study, we will attempt to determine how these three similar species ...
... mechanics being very similar, all three feed close to the ground. Like most amphibians, all three species are also nocturnal. Thus, there is much overlap in their fundamental niches (Hairston 1964, 1973; Krzysik 1979). In this field study, we will attempt to determine how these three similar species ...
Chapter 4 notes
... Limits of Tolerance: The survival and reproduction of an organism depends on the presence of nutrients and the ability of the organism to withstand the abiotic factors in the environment. Law of minimum states that the nutrient in the least supply is the one that limits growth. Law of toleran ...
... Limits of Tolerance: The survival and reproduction of an organism depends on the presence of nutrients and the ability of the organism to withstand the abiotic factors in the environment. Law of minimum states that the nutrient in the least supply is the one that limits growth. Law of toleran ...
Unit A Ecology Notes 2011 No pictures
... who eats who? Not representative of complex ecological relationships. ...
... who eats who? Not representative of complex ecological relationships. ...
UNIT 2 Ecology - Winston Knoll Collegiate
... same species and live in the same area Community—an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area Ecosystem—all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment Biome—a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms ...
... same species and live in the same area Community—an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area Ecosystem—all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment Biome—a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms ...
The Lesson of the Kaibab
... Introduction: The environment may be altered by forces within the biotic community, as well as by relationships between organisms and the physical environment. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an area can support on a sustained basis. The density of a pop ...
... Introduction: The environment may be altered by forces within the biotic community, as well as by relationships between organisms and the physical environment. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an area can support on a sustained basis. The density of a pop ...
Modified from http://sftrc
... 9. Reset the simulator. Choose 1 trophic level and change its starting population. Rerun the simulator. What happened to the populations? 10. Repeat step 9 three times and choose 3 different starting population for the same trophic level you changed. 11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 by changing the startin ...
... 9. Reset the simulator. Choose 1 trophic level and change its starting population. Rerun the simulator. What happened to the populations? 10. Repeat step 9 three times and choose 3 different starting population for the same trophic level you changed. 11. Repeat steps 9 and 10 by changing the startin ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology
... How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry out the process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is the food product made during this process. Glucose production can be used as a means for measuring the rate at which the process of photosynthesis is occurring. ...
... How does an abiotic factor affect food production? Green plants carry out the process of photosynthesis. Glucose, a sugar, is the food product made during this process. Glucose production can be used as a means for measuring the rate at which the process of photosynthesis is occurring. ...
the Instructor`s Manual (PDF file format)
... bottom-up effects. In addition lower and higher trophic levels can cancel each other out or reinforce each other, producing extremely complicated food web interactions. Biodiversity, species richness, and species diversity promote community stability. Factors that promote species richness include ec ...
... bottom-up effects. In addition lower and higher trophic levels can cancel each other out or reinforce each other, producing extremely complicated food web interactions. Biodiversity, species richness, and species diversity promote community stability. Factors that promote species richness include ec ...
Document
... elevation in the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona supports the individualistic hypothesis. Each tree species has an independent distribution along the gradient, apparently conforming to its tolerance for moisture, and the species that live together at any point along the gradient have similar phy ...
... elevation in the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona supports the individualistic hypothesis. Each tree species has an independent distribution along the gradient, apparently conforming to its tolerance for moisture, and the species that live together at any point along the gradient have similar phy ...
Chapter 1: The atom
... 10 Killing more animals than the population can replace by its normal breeding cycle will result in a decrease in the population. If it is a large enough drop, the population could become extinct. 11 Herbivores cannot survive without the native plants on which they feed. Clearing the plants for farm ...
... 10 Killing more animals than the population can replace by its normal breeding cycle will result in a decrease in the population. If it is a large enough drop, the population could become extinct. 11 Herbivores cannot survive without the native plants on which they feed. Clearing the plants for farm ...
The Role of Pinnipeds in the Ecosystem - Zoology, UBC
... (Beddington and May 1982). These species directly benefited from the removal of whales and may now be hindering the recovery of whale stocks (Knox 1994; Clapham and Brownell 1996). A similar scenario may have played out in the north Pacific where commercial whaling also freed up millions of tons of ...
... (Beddington and May 1982). These species directly benefited from the removal of whales and may now be hindering the recovery of whale stocks (Knox 1994; Clapham and Brownell 1996). A similar scenario may have played out in the north Pacific where commercial whaling also freed up millions of tons of ...
Niche Diversification Hypothesis
... • probably a combination of several of the above • varying in importance over scales of space and time • because several of these competing hypotheses create similar patterns of variability in relative and combined numbers, helps to distinguish them experimentally • involves orthogonal manipulations ...
... • probably a combination of several of the above • varying in importance over scales of space and time • because several of these competing hypotheses create similar patterns of variability in relative and combined numbers, helps to distinguish them experimentally • involves orthogonal manipulations ...
Environmental Science
... forests “causes loss of habitats”; 1 point was earned for identifying hunting as an activity; and 1 point was earned for describing how hunting “can lower populations to a point where they can repopulate quick enough &[sic] they can go extinct” (in context, the answer means cannot). One point was ea ...
... forests “causes loss of habitats”; 1 point was earned for identifying hunting as an activity; and 1 point was earned for describing how hunting “can lower populations to a point where they can repopulate quick enough &[sic] they can go extinct” (in context, the answer means cannot). One point was ea ...
DISCOVERY FILE 1: Abiotic and Biotic Factors
... as the temperature, their location in the world, and other abiotic factors), and how these living things interact with each other. An ecosystem contains all the processes involved in an organism’s life from birth to death, including eating, reproducing, creating shelter, and raising young (depending ...
... as the temperature, their location in the world, and other abiotic factors), and how these living things interact with each other. An ecosystem contains all the processes involved in an organism’s life from birth to death, including eating, reproducing, creating shelter, and raising young (depending ...
Optimizing restoration of the degraded highlands of Galapagos: a
... even valued role in natural communities. This important paradigm shift (that introduced species are not always bad) opens the door to potential management solutions that maintain resilient systems composed of mixtures of native and exotic elements that would never have occurred naturally, rather tha ...
... even valued role in natural communities. This important paradigm shift (that introduced species are not always bad) opens the door to potential management solutions that maintain resilient systems composed of mixtures of native and exotic elements that would never have occurred naturally, rather tha ...
q1 Biodiversity Study Guide - Mrs. Chick AP Environmental Systems
... ensure their survival, but also the diversity of the ecosystem. As a result, it will help improve the ecological health of the earth. Listed below are some of the reasons why wildlife protection is essential. Promote Biodiversity; Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. I ...
... ensure their survival, but also the diversity of the ecosystem. As a result, it will help improve the ecological health of the earth. Listed below are some of the reasons why wildlife protection is essential. Promote Biodiversity; Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. I ...
Predator–prey body size relationships when predators can consume
... determinants of PPSR [6–9]. Taken together, it is hypothesized that PPSR qualitatively differ depending on the feeding modes of predators, the understanding of which is essential to establish size-based approaches applicable to a wide range of food webs. At present, however, data on PPSRs are lackin ...
... determinants of PPSR [6–9]. Taken together, it is hypothesized that PPSR qualitatively differ depending on the feeding modes of predators, the understanding of which is essential to establish size-based approaches applicable to a wide range of food webs. At present, however, data on PPSRs are lackin ...
Predator – Prey Simulation
... the prey species can benefit because predators help to reduce competition for food amongst the prey species and also sick and aged animals can be removed. Some species that interact as predator and prey undergo cyclic changes in their numbers, with sharp increases and periodic crashes. For example t ...
... the prey species can benefit because predators help to reduce competition for food amongst the prey species and also sick and aged animals can be removed. Some species that interact as predator and prey undergo cyclic changes in their numbers, with sharp increases and periodic crashes. For example t ...
A conceptual framework for marine biodiversity and ecosystem
... covering almost all biological phenomena, still remaining linked to species diversity. Ecosystems function through three basic cycles of matter and energy: extraspecific cycles (biogeochemical cycles), intraspecific cycles (life cycles and histories), and interspecific cycles (food webs). In an evol ...
... covering almost all biological phenomena, still remaining linked to species diversity. Ecosystems function through three basic cycles of matter and energy: extraspecific cycles (biogeochemical cycles), intraspecific cycles (life cycles and histories), and interspecific cycles (food webs). In an evol ...
Aedes albopictus
... Do not tell us about locations where they could be successful Do not tell us about places where a species has failed Understanding distributions relies on knowing what factors prevent species from occupying a particular location or region ...
... Do not tell us about locations where they could be successful Do not tell us about places where a species has failed Understanding distributions relies on knowing what factors prevent species from occupying a particular location or region ...
The Intertidal Ecosystem
... this region represents only a very small portion of the earth’s surface, it is an important place where two very different types of environments meet and in which a complex web of interactions takes place. The intertidal zone is one of the most physically harshest living environments on earth. As th ...
... this region represents only a very small portion of the earth’s surface, it is an important place where two very different types of environments meet and in which a complex web of interactions takes place. The intertidal zone is one of the most physically harshest living environments on earth. As th ...
Marine Biodiversity : Research and Consevation
... Humans have extensively altered the global environment, changing global biogeochemical cycles, transforming land, and enhancing the mobility of biota. Together these changes have already significantly altered the biological diversity of the Earth. Many species have been eliminated from areas dominat ...
... Humans have extensively altered the global environment, changing global biogeochemical cycles, transforming land, and enhancing the mobility of biota. Together these changes have already significantly altered the biological diversity of the Earth. Many species have been eliminated from areas dominat ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.