Using artificial systems to explore the ecology and evolution of
... therefore the pattern. Finally, in ‘‘Symbiosis and evolution’’, we discuss how symbioses affect evolution and coevolution. Unfortunately, the extensive nature of the literature precludes us from citing all relevant papers. ...
... therefore the pattern. Finally, in ‘‘Symbiosis and evolution’’, we discuss how symbioses affect evolution and coevolution. Unfortunately, the extensive nature of the literature precludes us from citing all relevant papers. ...
PDF - Tylianakis Lab Group
... 4574 species), (2) agricultural areas including agroforests but not natural forest or woodland habitats (‘‘agricultural birds,’’ 303 species), and (3) both agricultural areas and forests/woodlands (‘‘agriculture–forest birds,’’ 1216 species). A high preference for forest cover limits most ‘‘agricult ...
... 4574 species), (2) agricultural areas including agroforests but not natural forest or woodland habitats (‘‘agricultural birds,’’ 303 species), and (3) both agricultural areas and forests/woodlands (‘‘agriculture–forest birds,’’ 1216 species). A high preference for forest cover limits most ‘‘agricult ...
When everything is not everywhere but species evolve - CERES
... emerges from this initial diversity through species sorting (variation of the relative abundance of the species of the system) as a result of the imposed environmental conditions. Alternative approaches to explore the trait space can be random seeding spread over time as in Record et al. (Record et ...
... emerges from this initial diversity through species sorting (variation of the relative abundance of the species of the system) as a result of the imposed environmental conditions. Alternative approaches to explore the trait space can be random seeding spread over time as in Record et al. (Record et ...
Conditions when hybridization might predispose
... ecological barrier loci or pairs of loci is likely a much stronger engine for speciation than is strong ecological selection alone. While local adaptation and early incipient stages of ecological speciation with very incomplete reproductive isolation may be driven by divergent natural selection alon ...
... ecological barrier loci or pairs of loci is likely a much stronger engine for speciation than is strong ecological selection alone. While local adaptation and early incipient stages of ecological speciation with very incomplete reproductive isolation may be driven by divergent natural selection alon ...
Ecosystems, Energy And Production
... is used only once. Minerals and nutrients are recycled or used over and over again in ecosystem. ...
... is used only once. Minerals and nutrients are recycled or used over and over again in ecosystem. ...
Ecology Name: Date: 1. The diagram below illustrates the
... D. continue in their present forms unless a ected by environmental factors Which letter indicates the carrying capacity of the environment for this population? A. ...
... D. continue in their present forms unless a ected by environmental factors Which letter indicates the carrying capacity of the environment for this population? A. ...
Network ecology: topological constraints on ecosystem dynamics
... The new hope for popularizing the systems view in ecology is the conjuncture in network science suggesting interesting, but sometimes premature, conclusions for ecological network analysts. Ecologists are being told, again, that they cannot understand an entity without its appropriate context, they ...
... The new hope for popularizing the systems view in ecology is the conjuncture in network science suggesting interesting, but sometimes premature, conclusions for ecological network analysts. Ecologists are being told, again, that they cannot understand an entity without its appropriate context, they ...
(8) Primates Why social
... females in larger groups get more food and have higher RS; but if the group gets too big, RS goes down • Van Schaik says group-living lowers RS because of food competition, but the predation defense means a longer lifespan, so greater RS; with a large group, reproductive RATE is lower, but lifetime ...
... females in larger groups get more food and have higher RS; but if the group gets too big, RS goes down • Van Schaik says group-living lowers RS because of food competition, but the predation defense means a longer lifespan, so greater RS; with a large group, reproductive RATE is lower, but lifetime ...
Population Ecology - Bakersfield College
... Population Dynamics • Patterns of change seen in a population over time and from place to place – Why does a population grow exponentially in some areas and remain stable in others – How do interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence population characteristics – How do populations res ...
... Population Dynamics • Patterns of change seen in a population over time and from place to place – Why does a population grow exponentially in some areas and remain stable in others – How do interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence population characteristics – How do populations res ...
Plant species richness increases the spatial stability of litter mass in
... Abstract: I used the natural gradient of plant species richness from Brazilian Pantanal to verify how plant richness and structure are related to litter mass accumulated (LMA) in the soil. Significant positive effects on LMA and on its spatial stability highlight the trait-dependent insurance in env ...
... Abstract: I used the natural gradient of plant species richness from Brazilian Pantanal to verify how plant richness and structure are related to litter mass accumulated (LMA) in the soil. Significant positive effects on LMA and on its spatial stability highlight the trait-dependent insurance in env ...
BDOL – Chapter #2 – Principles of Ecology
... 1. Name the abiotic factor influencing photosynthesis and describe the influence of this factor on photosynthesis. 2. Name the biotic factor being influenced. 3. Based on the graph, describe the type of ecosystem this plant might live in. Explain your answer. 4. Does the graph tell you how the rate ...
... 1. Name the abiotic factor influencing photosynthesis and describe the influence of this factor on photosynthesis. 2. Name the biotic factor being influenced. 3. Based on the graph, describe the type of ecosystem this plant might live in. Explain your answer. 4. Does the graph tell you how the rate ...
Chapter 36
... c. Chthamalus – can withstand longer periods out of water, grows on top parts of rocks d. Balanus – grows on lower parts e. remove Balanus and what happens? Chthamalus fills in f. Add Balanus back and they take over bottom parts again i. Chthhamalus can’t compete with Balanus and is pushed out of sp ...
... c. Chthamalus – can withstand longer periods out of water, grows on top parts of rocks d. Balanus – grows on lower parts e. remove Balanus and what happens? Chthamalus fills in f. Add Balanus back and they take over bottom parts again i. Chthhamalus can’t compete with Balanus and is pushed out of sp ...
Villy Cristensen: Using ecosystem modeling for fisheries
... – Novel conditions (vampires in the basement) ...
... – Novel conditions (vampires in the basement) ...
长江大学教案模板 - 长江大学精品课程
... Some Potential Pitfalls ❚ A correlation between variables does not establish causation. ❚ Many hypotheses cannot be tested by experimental methods because: ❙ the scale is too large: ❘ patterns may have evolved over long periods ❘ the spatial extent is too large for manipulation ❙ causal factors cann ...
... Some Potential Pitfalls ❚ A correlation between variables does not establish causation. ❚ Many hypotheses cannot be tested by experimental methods because: ❙ the scale is too large: ❘ patterns may have evolved over long periods ❘ the spatial extent is too large for manipulation ❙ causal factors cann ...
Mutualism or cooperation among competitors promotes coexistence
... exclusion or coexistence with reduced carrying capacity of both species. According to the model, both species with the lower carrying capacity would not be favored when competing with other rivals. Therefore, pure competition does not help coexistence of multiple species though it is a driving force ...
... exclusion or coexistence with reduced carrying capacity of both species. According to the model, both species with the lower carrying capacity would not be favored when competing with other rivals. Therefore, pure competition does not help coexistence of multiple species though it is a driving force ...
Invasive Species and Population Growth
... • Over time, populations remain fairly constant, though there will be population fluctuations that will occur over the course of a year or years. • There are many factors that affect population growth. These factors include food, space, water, nesting sites, diseases, competition, and predation. • I ...
... • Over time, populations remain fairly constant, though there will be population fluctuations that will occur over the course of a year or years. • There are many factors that affect population growth. These factors include food, space, water, nesting sites, diseases, competition, and predation. • I ...
Principles of Ecology
... In what type of activity would you most expect an ecologist to be involved? ...
... In what type of activity would you most expect an ecologist to be involved? ...
Marcel Rejmánek at 60 – the man and his work
... Marcel’s fascination with tropical forests began while he was still in Czechoslovakia. His long-standing interest in questions of diversity coupled with the “biological exuberance” of tropical plants really captured his interest. His passion for tropical forests became more concrete after he and Eli ...
... Marcel’s fascination with tropical forests began while he was still in Czechoslovakia. His long-standing interest in questions of diversity coupled with the “biological exuberance” of tropical plants really captured his interest. His passion for tropical forests became more concrete after he and Eli ...
Levels of Organization
... Biosphere—our entire planet, with all its organisms and physical environments ...
... Biosphere—our entire planet, with all its organisms and physical environments ...
Predation by native fish and feeding by crab species on
... municipality of Piripiri, State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. ...
... municipality of Piripiri, State of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.