primary consumers
... 37.8 Trophic structure is a key factor in community dynamics Trophic structure – of a community is a pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels. – The sequence of food transfer up the trophic levels is known as a food chain. – The transfer of food moves chemical nutri ...
... 37.8 Trophic structure is a key factor in community dynamics Trophic structure – of a community is a pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels. – The sequence of food transfer up the trophic levels is known as a food chain. – The transfer of food moves chemical nutri ...
Ending overfishing while catching more fish
... There are many ways that science and technology can contribute to the shift to the balanced harvest approach. Fisheries scientists can recast harvest models to coincide with the marine ecosystem of interest and include all relevant species that could be harvested by each type of fishing gear. Much o ...
... There are many ways that science and technology can contribute to the shift to the balanced harvest approach. Fisheries scientists can recast harvest models to coincide with the marine ecosystem of interest and include all relevant species that could be harvested by each type of fishing gear. Much o ...
Regeneration of Oak and Northern Hardwood Forests
... • Oaks. Upland oaks evolved in relatively dry, fireprone ecosystems. • In presettlement time mixed oak and pine forests dominated many of the dry and dry-mesic ecosystems of northern Lower Michigan. • Although oak overstory trees are present today, their regeneration is at risk due to a combination ...
... • Oaks. Upland oaks evolved in relatively dry, fireprone ecosystems. • In presettlement time mixed oak and pine forests dominated many of the dry and dry-mesic ecosystems of northern Lower Michigan. • Although oak overstory trees are present today, their regeneration is at risk due to a combination ...
abstracts - Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability
... Hunting may represent an important revenue for rural communities, and hunting management may also have important effects on the ecosystems, by managing landscape, as well as the wildlife there (e.g. by increasing numbers of game species, or reducing those of potential predators through predator cont ...
... Hunting may represent an important revenue for rural communities, and hunting management may also have important effects on the ecosystems, by managing landscape, as well as the wildlife there (e.g. by increasing numbers of game species, or reducing those of potential predators through predator cont ...
Q1 - FCCSC
... Essential Questions for this Quarter: 1. How do you determine if an object is living or nonliving? 2. What impact does the environment have on a population? Unit/Time Frame ...
... Essential Questions for this Quarter: 1. How do you determine if an object is living or nonliving? 2. What impact does the environment have on a population? Unit/Time Frame ...
A utilitarian-based approach to conservation
... they are not amenable to the same kind of costbenefit analysis as utilitarian arguments. This is by no means to denigrate them: the rights guaranteed under the Constitution were not based on a costbenefit analysis, but on deeply held ethical beliefs. There are several features of the ESA that are no ...
... they are not amenable to the same kind of costbenefit analysis as utilitarian arguments. This is by no means to denigrate them: the rights guaranteed under the Constitution were not based on a costbenefit analysis, but on deeply held ethical beliefs. There are several features of the ESA that are no ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
... americanum), may have undertaken migrations of at least 120 to 300 kilometers, whereas mammoths (Mammuthus spp.) appear to have ranged more locally (Hoppe et al. 1999, Hoppe and Koch 2007). Nevertheless, all three of these species became extinct, suggesting migratory habits (or the lack thereof) did ...
... americanum), may have undertaken migrations of at least 120 to 300 kilometers, whereas mammoths (Mammuthus spp.) appear to have ranged more locally (Hoppe et al. 1999, Hoppe and Koch 2007). Nevertheless, all three of these species became extinct, suggesting migratory habits (or the lack thereof) did ...
The Value of Animal Behavior in Evaluations of Restoration Success
... example, nest success and nest density are strong influences on population replacement in birds (e.g., Pidgeon et al. 2006). However, documenting reproductive success does not explain why individuals in one site have higher reproductive success than individuals in other sites. This missing informati ...
... example, nest success and nest density are strong influences on population replacement in birds (e.g., Pidgeon et al. 2006). However, documenting reproductive success does not explain why individuals in one site have higher reproductive success than individuals in other sites. This missing informati ...
![Gregory E. Maurer - Home [pronghorns.net]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016931255_1-d5344f571243a61233e5b962608feb81-300x300.png)
Gregory E. Maurer - Home [pronghorns.net]
... Marine Resources Program, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Salem, OR • Ocean Recreational Boat Survey. Conducted boat counts and interviews with returning fishermen to determine fishing effort, target locations and species, catch and release rates. Inspected catches, collecting hatchery tags ...
... Marine Resources Program, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Salem, OR • Ocean Recreational Boat Survey. Conducted boat counts and interviews with returning fishermen to determine fishing effort, target locations and species, catch and release rates. Inspected catches, collecting hatchery tags ...
Some Principles of Conservation Biology, as They Apply
... and therefore warrants protection. In practice, if not in intent, the burden of proof in the ESA and National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA") is already on those who wish to protect the species or the environment. In NEPA decisions, a dam, highway, or other project is considered benign unless an e ...
... and therefore warrants protection. In practice, if not in intent, the burden of proof in the ESA and National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA") is already on those who wish to protect the species or the environment. In NEPA decisions, a dam, highway, or other project is considered benign unless an e ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene
... americanum), may have undertaken migrations of at least 120 to 300 kilometers, whereas mammoths (Mammuthus spp.) appear to have ranged more locally (Hoppe et al. 1999, Hoppe and Koch 2007). Nevertheless, all three of these species became extinct, suggesting migratory habits (or the lack thereof) did ...
... americanum), may have undertaken migrations of at least 120 to 300 kilometers, whereas mammoths (Mammuthus spp.) appear to have ranged more locally (Hoppe et al. 1999, Hoppe and Koch 2007). Nevertheless, all three of these species became extinct, suggesting migratory habits (or the lack thereof) did ...
32 - Ecosystem Dynamics
... Dynamics of energy through ecosystems have important implications for human populations how much energy does it take to feed a human? if we are meat eaters? if we are vegetarian? What is your ecological footprint?! ...
... Dynamics of energy through ecosystems have important implications for human populations how much energy does it take to feed a human? if we are meat eaters? if we are vegetarian? What is your ecological footprint?! ...
Restoration-Focused Germination and Development
... as undamaged acorns and generate healthy seedlings (Gribko et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2007). It was found that 20 to 30 percent of infested seeds germinated in the five species. However, none of the seedlings survived for more than three months. In this study, we do not recommend the use of infested ...
... as undamaged acorns and generate healthy seedlings (Gribko et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2007). It was found that 20 to 30 percent of infested seeds germinated in the five species. However, none of the seedlings survived for more than three months. In this study, we do not recommend the use of infested ...
Introductory Research Essay
... another species to obtain a resource, this is termed interference competition. Species may also interfere with eachother in aggressive encounters which deplete the energy obtained from resources. Generally competition has been defined as having three criteria. 1. Species share overlapping resource r ...
... another species to obtain a resource, this is termed interference competition. Species may also interfere with eachother in aggressive encounters which deplete the energy obtained from resources. Generally competition has been defined as having three criteria. 1. Species share overlapping resource r ...
Species–area curves and the geometry of nature
... influences not only the location (that is, left to right and up to down position) but also the shape of the species–area relationship. It is worth noting that the fractal dimension is only one descriptor of environmental texture. Landscapes (real or simulated) with the same D can be generated ...
... influences not only the location (that is, left to right and up to down position) but also the shape of the species–area relationship. It is worth noting that the fractal dimension is only one descriptor of environmental texture. Landscapes (real or simulated) with the same D can be generated ...
Chapter 11 power point
... small numbers that they are in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Threatened species could become extinct if a critical environmental factor is changed. • The preservation question ultimately becomes one of assigning value to the species. • Amendments to ESA have weakened ability of U.S. govern ...
... small numbers that they are in immediate danger of becoming extinct. Threatened species could become extinct if a critical environmental factor is changed. • The preservation question ultimately becomes one of assigning value to the species. • Amendments to ESA have weakened ability of U.S. govern ...
Ecosystems
... with a population (a group of living organisms of the same kind). All the populations living in the same place at the same time interact, forming a community. Such community also interacts with the non-living world around it, thus forming an ecosystem. The habitat must provide the organisms with foo ...
... with a population (a group of living organisms of the same kind). All the populations living in the same place at the same time interact, forming a community. Such community also interacts with the non-living world around it, thus forming an ecosystem. The habitat must provide the organisms with foo ...
Chapter 3 Test - biology-with
... b. As populations in a community interact with one another, they can modify the environment so that it becomes suitable for other species. c. Interactions that might influence the structure of a community include competition between individuals of the same species in different populations. d. A popu ...
... b. As populations in a community interact with one another, they can modify the environment so that it becomes suitable for other species. c. Interactions that might influence the structure of a community include competition between individuals of the same species in different populations. d. A popu ...
3.4.1 Chapter 3 Test.AST
... b. As populations in a community interact with one another, they can modify the environment so that it becomes suitable for other species. c. Interactions that might influence the structure of a community include competition between individuals of the same species in different populations. d. A popu ...
... b. As populations in a community interact with one another, they can modify the environment so that it becomes suitable for other species. c. Interactions that might influence the structure of a community include competition between individuals of the same species in different populations. d. A popu ...
diversity in woody pioneer species after the 1997/98 fires in
... ecological processes, in spite of their often pronounced differences in composition of species and higher taxa (Whitmore, 1984; Mabberley, 1992). This is well illustrated by the regeneration in gaps in the forest canopy created by falling mature trees. Generally, these gaps are first colonised by he ...
... ecological processes, in spite of their often pronounced differences in composition of species and higher taxa (Whitmore, 1984; Mabberley, 1992). This is well illustrated by the regeneration in gaps in the forest canopy created by falling mature trees. Generally, these gaps are first colonised by he ...
Katie`s lecture slides
... • Lower densities make positive feedbacks through species effects less likely. Species with colonist traits will be less likely to preclude establishment by other species through interspecific interactions. ...
... • Lower densities make positive feedbacks through species effects less likely. Species with colonist traits will be less likely to preclude establishment by other species through interspecific interactions. ...
presentation_v02
... • In many pattern recognition applications involving temporal structure, such as speech recognition, a left-to-right topology is used to model the temporal order of the signal. • In speech recognition, all acoustic units use the same topology and the same number of mixtures; i.e., the complexity is ...
... • In many pattern recognition applications involving temporal structure, such as speech recognition, a left-to-right topology is used to model the temporal order of the signal. • In speech recognition, all acoustic units use the same topology and the same number of mixtures; i.e., the complexity is ...
- UW Catalyst
... they generate. (pp.90) We are not too skilled in understanding the nature of relationships (pp.91) as the world is full of nonlinearities. We our attached to our mental categories. (pp.98) We lean towards monocausal explanations. We don’t recognize which factor is limiting. Growth depletes o ...
... they generate. (pp.90) We are not too skilled in understanding the nature of relationships (pp.91) as the world is full of nonlinearities. We our attached to our mental categories. (pp.98) We lean towards monocausal explanations. We don’t recognize which factor is limiting. Growth depletes o ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.