Effects of trophic similarity on community composition
... species are found, species’ trophic distance depends on the pool of species considered. Species’ diets are determined not only by morphological and physiological attributes constrained by processes such as evolutionary history, but also by the availability of prey that vary among places and over tim ...
... species are found, species’ trophic distance depends on the pool of species considered. Species’ diets are determined not only by morphological and physiological attributes constrained by processes such as evolutionary history, but also by the availability of prey that vary among places and over tim ...
ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
... Attached is a set of 406 questions. With more being added. The format is similar to that used on the “real” exam scheduled for May. The big question is: “How do I use this Exam?” Begin by reading and answer each question. If you have trouble, skip the question. After you have tried all or most of th ...
... Attached is a set of 406 questions. With more being added. The format is similar to that used on the “real” exam scheduled for May. The big question is: “How do I use this Exam?” Begin by reading and answer each question. If you have trouble, skip the question. After you have tried all or most of th ...
Soft Computing
... approximation. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the human mind. Soft Computing became a formal area of study in Computer Science in the early 1990s. The soft computing solutions are unpredictable, uncertain, Earlier computational approaches could model and precisely analyze only relat ...
... approximation. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the human mind. Soft Computing became a formal area of study in Computer Science in the early 1990s. The soft computing solutions are unpredictable, uncertain, Earlier computational approaches could model and precisely analyze only relat ...
The population dynamics of the mangrove Avicennia marina
... Population studies of mangrove species, and most other long-lived plants, often concentrate on components of the life cycle to explain present distribution and abundance. In mangroves, propagule predation (e.g. Robertson et al., 1990), dispersal (e.g. Rabinowitz, 1978), seedling growth (e.g. Ball, 1 ...
... Population studies of mangrove species, and most other long-lived plants, often concentrate on components of the life cycle to explain present distribution and abundance. In mangroves, propagule predation (e.g. Robertson et al., 1990), dispersal (e.g. Rabinowitz, 1978), seedling growth (e.g. Ball, 1 ...
Theoretical and empirical studies on population dynamics, species
... modeling (Holling 1965) because of its simple derivation from the assumption of random encounters between predators and prey. The idea was extended and new parameters describing predation, such as attack rate and handling time, were used to characterize different functional responses (Hassel 1978; L ...
... modeling (Holling 1965) because of its simple derivation from the assumption of random encounters between predators and prey. The idea was extended and new parameters describing predation, such as attack rate and handling time, were used to characterize different functional responses (Hassel 1978; L ...
Intratrophic predation in a simple food chain with a fluctuating
... on other species of the same population. Unlike the classical predator-prey models, intratrophic predation on the contrary has received only little attention. Its discussion stems from a survey paper on evolution and intraspecific predation by Polis [14], who demonstrated that cannibalism is an inte ...
... on other species of the same population. Unlike the classical predator-prey models, intratrophic predation on the contrary has received only little attention. Its discussion stems from a survey paper on evolution and intraspecific predation by Polis [14], who demonstrated that cannibalism is an inte ...
Life history patterns of six sympatric species of Leptophlebiidae
... Few of the species showed monthly size frequency distributions which could be interpreted visually, so size cohorts were identified by probability paper analysis (Cassie 1954). For each species several cohorts often overlapped in any one month. In these situations the break between cohorts was appro ...
... Few of the species showed monthly size frequency distributions which could be interpreted visually, so size cohorts were identified by probability paper analysis (Cassie 1954). For each species several cohorts often overlapped in any one month. In these situations the break between cohorts was appro ...
Ecosystem services of agricultural landscape in Slovakia
... Pilot areas – preserved original agricultural landscapes, which did not lose shape and contour of the cultural–historical countryside (areas are less accessible and remote, having marginal areas with extreme conditions of nature). ...
... Pilot areas – preserved original agricultural landscapes, which did not lose shape and contour of the cultural–historical countryside (areas are less accessible and remote, having marginal areas with extreme conditions of nature). ...
Practice Exam 4
... d. several ecosystems on one continent. e. the factors that constitute an organism's niche. 2) An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of these terms describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl? a. predation b. competition c. parasitism d. commensalism e. mutualism 3) When two different popu ...
... d. several ecosystems on one continent. e. the factors that constitute an organism's niche. 2) An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of these terms describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl? a. predation b. competition c. parasitism d. commensalism e. mutualism 3) When two different popu ...
How Mount St. Helens Changed our Understanding
... related to the effective growing season of the site. Traditional views measure stages of succession in years. My studies on Mount St. Helens demonstrated that succession should be measured by the rate of biomass accumulation. On Mount St. Helens, initial stages may endure for only a short time if th ...
... related to the effective growing season of the site. Traditional views measure stages of succession in years. My studies on Mount St. Helens demonstrated that succession should be measured by the rate of biomass accumulation. On Mount St. Helens, initial stages may endure for only a short time if th ...
Niche construction, co-evolution and biodiversity
... well-established cases of gene-culture co-evolution. The most famous example of culturally induced genetic responses to human agriculture is the co-evolution of dairy farming and the gene for lactose absorption (Durham, 1991). Theoretical and empirical studies have provided convincing evidence that ...
... well-established cases of gene-culture co-evolution. The most famous example of culturally induced genetic responses to human agriculture is the co-evolution of dairy farming and the gene for lactose absorption (Durham, 1991). Theoretical and empirical studies have provided convincing evidence that ...
Specialist in Urban Landscape Ecology
... UCD Departments of Plant Sciences and Human Ecology, UCR Department of Environmental Sciences). ANR groups engaged may include the Environmental Horticulture Program Team; the California Communities, Science Technology and Environmental Literacy, and Water Quality Workgroups; and the 4-H Youth Devel ...
... UCD Departments of Plant Sciences and Human Ecology, UCR Department of Environmental Sciences). ANR groups engaged may include the Environmental Horticulture Program Team; the California Communities, Science Technology and Environmental Literacy, and Water Quality Workgroups; and the 4-H Youth Devel ...
1 Ecosystem Services and the Economics of
... important motivation for conservation it significantly underestimates the value of biodiversity, and is one reason why it has been difficult to secure even the minimum level of protection needed to stem the accelerating wave of species extinctions. At a time when many conservation biologists have c ...
... important motivation for conservation it significantly underestimates the value of biodiversity, and is one reason why it has been difficult to secure even the minimum level of protection needed to stem the accelerating wave of species extinctions. At a time when many conservation biologists have c ...
Intertidal Fauna
... The interesting aspects in studying inter‐tidal community ecology include understanding the distribution pattern of species along the habitat types, interactions between species and the surrounding environment and relative adaptation strategies. Seascape features of the western coast o ...
... The interesting aspects in studying inter‐tidal community ecology include understanding the distribution pattern of species along the habitat types, interactions between species and the surrounding environment and relative adaptation strategies. Seascape features of the western coast o ...
a 09 Population limit factrs carr cap ppt
... • A group of members of the same species that live in the same area. • The size of any population is constantly changing. • WHY? Limiting factors - an environmental factor that prevents an increase in the number of organisms in a population or prevents them from moving into new habitats ...
... • A group of members of the same species that live in the same area. • The size of any population is constantly changing. • WHY? Limiting factors - an environmental factor that prevents an increase in the number of organisms in a population or prevents them from moving into new habitats ...
Niche Construction Theory: A Practical Guide for Ecologists
... Niche construction theory (NCT) explicitly recognizes environmental modification by organisms (“niche construction”) and their legacy over time (“ecological inheritance”) to be evolutionary processes in their own right. Here we illustrate how niche construction theory provides useful conceptual tool ...
... Niche construction theory (NCT) explicitly recognizes environmental modification by organisms (“niche construction”) and their legacy over time (“ecological inheritance”) to be evolutionary processes in their own right. Here we illustrate how niche construction theory provides useful conceptual tool ...
uncorrected page proofs - Oxford University Press
... Ecosystems are not just made up of the plants and animals that live there, but also all the microorganisms too small to see and all the non-living factors that make the conditions of that environment. It is usually these abiotic factors that determine which organisms are able to live in that environ ...
... Ecosystems are not just made up of the plants and animals that live there, but also all the microorganisms too small to see and all the non-living factors that make the conditions of that environment. It is usually these abiotic factors that determine which organisms are able to live in that environ ...
Chapter 55 Student Notes Overview: Observing Ecosystems An
... consists of all the organisms living in a community, as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact • Ecosystems range from a , such as an aquarium, to a large area such as a lake or forest • Regardless of an ecosystem’s size, its dynamics involve two main processes: ...
... consists of all the organisms living in a community, as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact • Ecosystems range from a , such as an aquarium, to a large area such as a lake or forest • Regardless of an ecosystem’s size, its dynamics involve two main processes: ...
Biology 30 Detail Objectives
... 1. list the components of a reflex arc and trace the pathway of a reflex arc to and from the spinal cord 2. design and perform an experiment to investigate the physiology of reflex arcs. C identifying the principal structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems and explaining their funct ...
... 1. list the components of a reflex arc and trace the pathway of a reflex arc to and from the spinal cord 2. design and perform an experiment to investigate the physiology of reflex arcs. C identifying the principal structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems and explaining their funct ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.