Invasion and predation in aquatic ecosystems
... mental tank with green crabs extended their claws in an aggressive display, while the green crabs scuttled in and took the food (MacDonald et al., 2007). When fights took place over the food, the native C. sapidus was the “loser” a disproportionate number of times, despite their well-known aggressio ...
... mental tank with green crabs extended their claws in an aggressive display, while the green crabs scuttled in and took the food (MacDonald et al., 2007). When fights took place over the food, the native C. sapidus was the “loser” a disproportionate number of times, despite their well-known aggressio ...
Literature bibliography
... Loomis, W.E. 1932. Growth-differentiation balance vs. carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio. Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science 29: ...
... Loomis, W.E. 1932. Growth-differentiation balance vs. carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio. Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science 29: ...
Benthic habitat association of sessile invertebrate and algal species
... specific hypotheses and explain how your data collection methods will allow you to test each hypothesis. After you’ve explained WHY you did things the way you did, you want to provide a detailed description of methods, including data analysis. To gain a better understanding of general habitat associ ...
... specific hypotheses and explain how your data collection methods will allow you to test each hypothesis. After you’ve explained WHY you did things the way you did, you want to provide a detailed description of methods, including data analysis. To gain a better understanding of general habitat associ ...
Exam Answer Key
... for better distribution in a patchy food environment. In contrast to freshwater environments, each egg or larvae is less well developed and the larvae may also have smaller yolk sacks (trade off between numbers and development time). Since there are many more eggs, a higher percentage can die due to ...
... for better distribution in a patchy food environment. In contrast to freshwater environments, each egg or larvae is less well developed and the larvae may also have smaller yolk sacks (trade off between numbers and development time). Since there are many more eggs, a higher percentage can die due to ...
Day 1 Session 2 An introduction to fish population dynamics
... Fishing impacts: nature vrs man 2. Observed change may not be due to natural causes It is equally dangerous to assume that natural variability is the key factor. One might then miss an opportunity to implement changes to the fishery that might ensure sustainability of catches and stock recovery 3. ...
... Fishing impacts: nature vrs man 2. Observed change may not be due to natural causes It is equally dangerous to assume that natural variability is the key factor. One might then miss an opportunity to implement changes to the fishery that might ensure sustainability of catches and stock recovery 3. ...
Summary of workshop «Contaminants in urban food webs
... In summary, the workshop highlighted several challenges with the existing programs – mostly regarding the choice of species - and resulted in specific recommendations for the three food webs. Overall the TMF was considered to be the most robust endpoint for documenting bioaccumulation and biomagnifi ...
... In summary, the workshop highlighted several challenges with the existing programs – mostly regarding the choice of species - and resulted in specific recommendations for the three food webs. Overall the TMF was considered to be the most robust endpoint for documenting bioaccumulation and biomagnifi ...
Character Convergence under Competition for Nutritionally
... There are two ways to derive equation (3) as a model of genetic evolution. First, it can be derived as an approximation to a quantitative genetics model (Iwasa et al. 1991; Taper and Case 1992; Abrams et al. 1993). Quantitative genetics assumes that the trait value of an individual is determined by ...
... There are two ways to derive equation (3) as a model of genetic evolution. First, it can be derived as an approximation to a quantitative genetics model (Iwasa et al. 1991; Taper and Case 1992; Abrams et al. 1993). Quantitative genetics assumes that the trait value of an individual is determined by ...
Competition - practical ecology
... 2. Neighbor roots left intact but neighbor shoots tied back to reduce shading (belowground competition). 3. Neighbor roots and shoots both removed (no competition). ...
... 2. Neighbor roots left intact but neighbor shoots tied back to reduce shading (belowground competition). 3. Neighbor roots and shoots both removed (no competition). ...
Effects of Plant Traits on Ecosystem and Regional
... Differences between species in the timing of resource capture can also alter the pool of resources captured annually to support primary production. In mixed grasslands, for example, C4 species are generally active in the warmer, drier part of the growing season than are C3 species. Consequently, C3 ...
... Differences between species in the timing of resource capture can also alter the pool of resources captured annually to support primary production. In mixed grasslands, for example, C4 species are generally active in the warmer, drier part of the growing season than are C3 species. Consequently, C3 ...
VERTEBRATES: FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS
... representing a trade-off for amphibians and other organisms that occupy lentic, freshwater systems. In ephemeral ponds, competition for resources is hypothesized to be low because the short hydroperiod prevents many species from occupying these systems. However, to exploit these systems, larval amph ...
... representing a trade-off for amphibians and other organisms that occupy lentic, freshwater systems. In ephemeral ponds, competition for resources is hypothesized to be low because the short hydroperiod prevents many species from occupying these systems. However, to exploit these systems, larval amph ...
Appendix A - List of analyzed articles
... 80. Morgan, D., J. R. Waas, and J. Innes. 2005. Magpie interactions with other birds in New Zealand: results from a literature review and public survey. Notornis 52:61-74. 81. Morgan, D., J. R. Waas, and J. Innes. 2006a. The relative importance of Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) as nest pred ...
... 80. Morgan, D., J. R. Waas, and J. Innes. 2005. Magpie interactions with other birds in New Zealand: results from a literature review and public survey. Notornis 52:61-74. 81. Morgan, D., J. R. Waas, and J. Innes. 2006a. The relative importance of Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) as nest pred ...
Ecology
... Concept 14.1: Positive interactions occur when neither species is harmed and the benefits of the interaction are greater than the costs for at least one species. Mutualism —mutually beneficial interaction between individuals of two species (+/+). Commensalism —individuals of one species benefit, w ...
... Concept 14.1: Positive interactions occur when neither species is harmed and the benefits of the interaction are greater than the costs for at least one species. Mutualism —mutually beneficial interaction between individuals of two species (+/+). Commensalism —individuals of one species benefit, w ...
Chapter 44 Ecology of Populations Notes
... of individuals within the area of interest. – Ecologists want to analyze and discover what causes the spatial and temporal “patchiness” of organisms. Limiting Factors are factors that particularly determine whether an organism lives in an area. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
... of individuals within the area of interest. – Ecologists want to analyze and discover what causes the spatial and temporal “patchiness” of organisms. Limiting Factors are factors that particularly determine whether an organism lives in an area. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
1. Large Processes with Small Targets: Rarity and Pollination in
... 2003) might have a starting point similar to that of herbivores that, over evolutionary time, have been converted into pollinators. Even some pathogenic fungi have been found playing a role in pollination in the Lambir Hills environment (Sakai et al. 2000). The transition from pathogen or herbivore ...
... 2003) might have a starting point similar to that of herbivores that, over evolutionary time, have been converted into pollinators. Even some pathogenic fungi have been found playing a role in pollination in the Lambir Hills environment (Sakai et al. 2000). The transition from pathogen or herbivore ...
Dagmar Etkin
... mixed with surface fresh, brackish or sea waters under a range of environmental conditions? How do the various crude oils compare in their chemical composition and toxicity to organisms in aquatic ecosystems? How do microbial processes affect crude oils in aquatic ecosystems, thereby modifying t ...
... mixed with surface fresh, brackish or sea waters under a range of environmental conditions? How do the various crude oils compare in their chemical composition and toxicity to organisms in aquatic ecosystems? How do microbial processes affect crude oils in aquatic ecosystems, thereby modifying t ...
Re-wilding North America Level - The National Evolutionary
... Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities which reflect their evolutionary relationships. Organisms both cooperate and compete in ecosystems. The interrelationships and interdependencies of these organisms may generate ecosystems that are stable for hund ...
... Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities which reflect their evolutionary relationships. Organisms both cooperate and compete in ecosystems. The interrelationships and interdependencies of these organisms may generate ecosystems that are stable for hund ...
Macroevolution
... Evolutionary Biology, an excellent reference if you want to know more about speciation ...
... Evolutionary Biology, an excellent reference if you want to know more about speciation ...
PPT File
... Population-group of organisms of one species that can interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. Ex. Zebras Community- collection of interacting populations Ex. Zebras and Giraffes ...
... Population-group of organisms of one species that can interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. Ex. Zebras Community- collection of interacting populations Ex. Zebras and Giraffes ...
Marine Ecology(rev)Dr. Ricketts
... noting similarities and differences. We shall also take a close look at symbiotic relationships within the marine ecosystems and the important roles these associations have played in the evolution of life in the sea. Finally we shall critically examine the human impact on marine ecosystems, particul ...
... noting similarities and differences. We shall also take a close look at symbiotic relationships within the marine ecosystems and the important roles these associations have played in the evolution of life in the sea. Finally we shall critically examine the human impact on marine ecosystems, particul ...
Invasive Species
... examples include the native grass Elymus athericus, which has recently spread in salt marshes throughout Europe, and many conifers that are weedy in their native ranges. Dynamics such as these, however, can almost always be traced to human-mediated changes to environmental conditions; in the example ...
... examples include the native grass Elymus athericus, which has recently spread in salt marshes throughout Europe, and many conifers that are weedy in their native ranges. Dynamics such as these, however, can almost always be traced to human-mediated changes to environmental conditions; in the example ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.