Beak of the Fish: What Cichlid Flocks Reveal About Speciation
... none of these cichlid species are shared between ...
... none of these cichlid species are shared between ...
Wolf Interactions with Other Species
... In a discussion of the ecosystem effects of wolves, Mech and Boitani wrote that wolves influence other ecosystem components and processes like other species, but they do it in a more conspicuous way. The researchers listed five primary effects of wolves on ecosystems. These were sanitation (culling ...
... In a discussion of the ecosystem effects of wolves, Mech and Boitani wrote that wolves influence other ecosystem components and processes like other species, but they do it in a more conspicuous way. The researchers listed five primary effects of wolves on ecosystems. These were sanitation (culling ...
i Community patterns of coral-associated decapods Nicholas Gotelli and Lawrence
... species. A principal components analysis is one way of detecting patterns of covariation among groups of species (Pielou, 1977). A principal components solution defines new orthogonal variables, which account for variation in the densities of all species considered. The descriptive approach has a st ...
... species. A principal components analysis is one way of detecting patterns of covariation among groups of species (Pielou, 1977). A principal components solution defines new orthogonal variables, which account for variation in the densities of all species considered. The descriptive approach has a st ...
Beaver reintroduction in Hungary
... Nowadays, alarmed by the global decrease in biodiversity, conservation experts all over the world are launching reintroduction and propagation projects to assist the survival of certain species or restore damaged ecosystems. The first beaver reintroduction project started in 1922 in Sweden. More tha ...
... Nowadays, alarmed by the global decrease in biodiversity, conservation experts all over the world are launching reintroduction and propagation projects to assist the survival of certain species or restore damaged ecosystems. The first beaver reintroduction project started in 1922 in Sweden. More tha ...
Why Care About America`s Sagebrush?
... landscape. A growing awareness and appreciation for this remarkable place and its values is an important first step in fostering lasting stewardship of this uniquely American landscape. ...
... landscape. A growing awareness and appreciation for this remarkable place and its values is an important first step in fostering lasting stewardship of this uniquely American landscape. ...
CHAPTER 20: GENES WITHIN POPULATIONS
... a. H (mean heterozygosity): Likelihood that a random individual will be heterozygous at a randomly selected locus b. Value is influenced by population size (Ne) and mutation rate (µ) c. Level of polymorphism = very large number (N e) x very small number (µ) d. Both values hard to measure with any pr ...
... a. H (mean heterozygosity): Likelihood that a random individual will be heterozygous at a randomly selected locus b. Value is influenced by population size (Ne) and mutation rate (µ) c. Level of polymorphism = very large number (N e) x very small number (µ) d. Both values hard to measure with any pr ...
Guiding principles of Rewilding Europe 0811
... The new land/sea use should be economically viable and competitive with other alternatives A new rural economy Small-scale farming and herding flocks of livestock has no real socio-economic future in many parts of Europe. In many areas such activities only exist because of massive subventions and su ...
... The new land/sea use should be economically viable and competitive with other alternatives A new rural economy Small-scale farming and herding flocks of livestock has no real socio-economic future in many parts of Europe. In many areas such activities only exist because of massive subventions and su ...
Biodiversity has been affected by five mass extinction
... The causes of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event are not clear. Hypotheses of climate change, asteroid impact, and volcanic eruptions have been argued. The extinction event occurred just before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea; although, recent scholarship suggests that the extinctions ...
... The causes of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event are not clear. Hypotheses of climate change, asteroid impact, and volcanic eruptions have been argued. The extinction event occurred just before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea; although, recent scholarship suggests that the extinctions ...
Conservation or Co-evolution? Intermediate Levels of Aboriginal
... across different Martu Aboriginal hunting regions. These data were coupled with remotelysensed and on-the-ground measures of seral diversity and habitat heterogeneity. We test three predictions to determine the combined effects of Aboriginal burning and hunting on hill kangaroo populations. First, w ...
... across different Martu Aboriginal hunting regions. These data were coupled with remotelysensed and on-the-ground measures of seral diversity and habitat heterogeneity. We test three predictions to determine the combined effects of Aboriginal burning and hunting on hill kangaroo populations. First, w ...
RedmanBookPPT
... antlers, oil and ligaments. They can also provide milk and wool, serve as beasts of burden carrying goods, pulling carts and moving people. Animals are also mobile, so they can migrate with people, if their meat and other resources aren’t immediately needed. Finally, animals and herbivores in genera ...
... antlers, oil and ligaments. They can also provide milk and wool, serve as beasts of burden carrying goods, pulling carts and moving people. Animals are also mobile, so they can migrate with people, if their meat and other resources aren’t immediately needed. Finally, animals and herbivores in genera ...
Geographic Variation in Camouflage Specialization by a Decorator
... importance of positive interactions among species has been underappreciated by most biologists (Kareiva and Bertness 1997). While many factors likely contribute to this bias (Boucher et al. 1982; Bertness and Callaway 1994), part of the reason for the modest attention given to the role of mutualism ...
... importance of positive interactions among species has been underappreciated by most biologists (Kareiva and Bertness 1997). While many factors likely contribute to this bias (Boucher et al. 1982; Bertness and Callaway 1994), part of the reason for the modest attention given to the role of mutualism ...
Managing change in the uplands
... guidelines for such areas is an improved understanding of plant/animal interactions within grazed ecosystems, and recently our research has focused on quantifying the economic and environmental impacts of alternative grazing options. There is evidence from studies of both wild and domestic herbivore ...
... guidelines for such areas is an improved understanding of plant/animal interactions within grazed ecosystems, and recently our research has focused on quantifying the economic and environmental impacts of alternative grazing options. There is evidence from studies of both wild and domestic herbivore ...
Chapter 53 - Community Ecology Powerpoint
... • Species richness is the total number of different species in the community • Relative abundance is the proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Species richness is the total number of different species in the community • Relative abundance is the proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
The challenge posed by newly discovered cryptic species
... used, ranging from zero to 1, with low tolerance values indicating a specialist, and high values a generalist species. It should be noted that both indices highly depend on the available conditions, so they only can be used to compare species within the same study area and in relation to the same se ...
... used, ranging from zero to 1, with low tolerance values indicating a specialist, and high values a generalist species. It should be noted that both indices highly depend on the available conditions, so they only can be used to compare species within the same study area and in relation to the same se ...
goal programming nutrition optimization model
... infections and other diseases which can be induced by an excess or deficiency of nutrient intake. A healthful diet can be reached throughout the intake of multiple combinations of foods. The food-based dietary guideline focuses on how a combination of foods can reach nutrient requirements rather tha ...
... infections and other diseases which can be induced by an excess or deficiency of nutrient intake. A healthful diet can be reached throughout the intake of multiple combinations of foods. The food-based dietary guideline focuses on how a combination of foods can reach nutrient requirements rather tha ...
Decision Making for Food Choice by Grasshoppers
... Poaceae species (Bernays and Chapman 1994). Because the chemical composition of secondary metabolites of Graminae are rather uniform (Bruneton 1999), one can assume that grass-feeding grasshoppers are oligophagous and therefore relatively specialist species. In Limousin, the heathlands correspond to ...
... Poaceae species (Bernays and Chapman 1994). Because the chemical composition of secondary metabolites of Graminae are rather uniform (Bruneton 1999), one can assume that grass-feeding grasshoppers are oligophagous and therefore relatively specialist species. In Limousin, the heathlands correspond to ...
MASTER OF SCIENE PROGRAMME IN ANATOMY
... analysis and explanation of pattern of distribution both in the past and present time; cause of the varying pattern of occurring of different species over the surface of the planet and the interaction of physical change such as plate tectonics and the response of the biological world by means of evo ...
... analysis and explanation of pattern of distribution both in the past and present time; cause of the varying pattern of occurring of different species over the surface of the planet and the interaction of physical change such as plate tectonics and the response of the biological world by means of evo ...
Definitions
... b) have a spatial connotation which includes any level of scale or c) the spatial aspect can be included, but additionally, relative homogeneity must characterize the system (Johnson and French, 1981, quoted by Godron & Forman, 1983) ...
... b) have a spatial connotation which includes any level of scale or c) the spatial aspect can be included, but additionally, relative homogeneity must characterize the system (Johnson and French, 1981, quoted by Godron & Forman, 1983) ...
The long-term relationship between plant diversity and total plant
... 2002). Second, the two-species case of each model is analytically tractable, and acts as a limiting case for the behavior of more speciose models. Third, the twospecies version of each model might be expected to capture many (though by no means all) aspects of the dynamics of more speciose models. F ...
... 2002). Second, the two-species case of each model is analytically tractable, and acts as a limiting case for the behavior of more speciose models. Third, the twospecies version of each model might be expected to capture many (though by no means all) aspects of the dynamics of more speciose models. F ...
How the Magnitude of Prey Genetic Variation Alters Predator
... occur in the absence of evolution. In the absence of evolution, predator-prey systems are predicted to exhibit cycles where peaks in prey abundance precede peaks in predator abundance by less than a quarter of the cycle period (Bulmer 1975). In contrast, in experimental systems prey evolution has be ...
... occur in the absence of evolution. In the absence of evolution, predator-prey systems are predicted to exhibit cycles where peaks in prey abundance precede peaks in predator abundance by less than a quarter of the cycle period (Bulmer 1975). In contrast, in experimental systems prey evolution has be ...
The long-term relationship between plant diversity and total plant
... 2002). Second, the two-species case of each model is analytically tractable, and acts as a limiting case for the behavior of more speciose models. Third, the twospecies version of each model might be expected to capture many (though by no means all) aspects of the dynamics of more speciose models. F ...
... 2002). Second, the two-species case of each model is analytically tractable, and acts as a limiting case for the behavior of more speciose models. Third, the twospecies version of each model might be expected to capture many (though by no means all) aspects of the dynamics of more speciose models. F ...
Black-legged Kittiwake - Alaska Center for Conservation Science
... 1984, Baird 1990, Harris and Wanless 1990, Ford and Piatt 1993). Nest site availability may also limit populations (Baird and Moe 1978). In Alaska, nest predation increases in years of low food availability due to absence from nest (Biderman et al. 1978, Baird 1990). Cause of persistent breeding fai ...
... 1984, Baird 1990, Harris and Wanless 1990, Ford and Piatt 1993). Nest site availability may also limit populations (Baird and Moe 1978). In Alaska, nest predation increases in years of low food availability due to absence from nest (Biderman et al. 1978, Baird 1990). Cause of persistent breeding fai ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.