Final - Academic Information System (KFUPM AISYS)
... else waiting in line. You will enter service when either clerk becomes free. If service times for clerk i are exponential with rate λi, i = 1,2, find E[T], where T is the amount of time that you spend in the post office. ...
... else waiting in line. You will enter service when either clerk becomes free. If service times for clerk i are exponential with rate λi, i = 1,2, find E[T], where T is the amount of time that you spend in the post office. ...
The ecology of shell shape difference in chirally - UvA-DARE
... to show subtle differences between both coiling morphs, and it is known that in snails in general, shell shape is under environmental selection, thus creating the possibility that micro-niche use of both coiling morphs differs. In this paper, we first confirm that hatchlings also differ in shell sha ...
... to show subtle differences between both coiling morphs, and it is known that in snails in general, shell shape is under environmental selection, thus creating the possibility that micro-niche use of both coiling morphs differs. In this paper, we first confirm that hatchlings also differ in shell sha ...
Acclimation of Intertidal Crabs Duke University Marine Laboratory
... in order to understand the basic interaction between the organism and its environment. Animals may be able to survive (tolerate) a given exposure to an environmental factor, but be unable to compete successfully with other species because of poorly developed homeostatic mechanisms (Croghan, 1961). H ...
... in order to understand the basic interaction between the organism and its environment. Animals may be able to survive (tolerate) a given exposure to an environmental factor, but be unable to compete successfully with other species because of poorly developed homeostatic mechanisms (Croghan, 1961). H ...
On the evolutionary ecology of species` ranges - People
... can be gained from considering models for the evolution of dispersal and habitat specialization (or generalization) in simple landscapes. Most ranges span large spatial scales, relative to the spatial domain of individual mobility. It is unlikely that dispersal over short timescales links all the fa ...
... can be gained from considering models for the evolution of dispersal and habitat specialization (or generalization) in simple landscapes. Most ranges span large spatial scales, relative to the spatial domain of individual mobility. It is unlikely that dispersal over short timescales links all the fa ...
13.1 How Did Evolutionary Thought Evolve? Fossil discoveries
... • The Hardy-Weinberg Principle showed that under certain conditions, allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant no matter how many generations pass; in other words, this population will not evolve. • This ideal, non-evolving population is called an equilibrium p ...
... • The Hardy-Weinberg Principle showed that under certain conditions, allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant no matter how many generations pass; in other words, this population will not evolve. • This ideal, non-evolving population is called an equilibrium p ...
Peppered Moth Simulation Questions
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species traits can change from one generation to the next due to natural selection. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural s ...
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species traits can change from one generation to the next due to natural selection. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural s ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC DETRITUS IN LOTIC
... shredder populations associated not only with introduced litter traps, but in the streambed between traps. They concluded that resource limitation may be a decisive factor in controlling populations of invertebrates in low-order streams. On the practical consequences of the trophic interactions I ha ...
... shredder populations associated not only with introduced litter traps, but in the streambed between traps. They concluded that resource limitation may be a decisive factor in controlling populations of invertebrates in low-order streams. On the practical consequences of the trophic interactions I ha ...
28 - McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
... The normal microbial flora or microbiota are microorganisms normally associated with the human body; acquisition of normal flora is an adaptive process and the composition of the flora is dynamic The microbiome includes all of the genes of the host and its microbiota; these intimate relationships de ...
... The normal microbial flora or microbiota are microorganisms normally associated with the human body; acquisition of normal flora is an adaptive process and the composition of the flora is dynamic The microbiome includes all of the genes of the host and its microbiota; these intimate relationships de ...
The effect of historical legacy on adaptation: do closely related
... in leaf traits are adaptively associated with climate, e.g., thick or dense leaves appear to ...
... in leaf traits are adaptively associated with climate, e.g., thick or dense leaves appear to ...
A Field Experiment Demonstrating Plant Life
... monitored the consequences for community dynamics. In addition to shedding light on feedbacks between evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes, field experiments quantifying rapid evolution can be used to address several other important issues. First, to what extent do replicate populations ex ...
... monitored the consequences for community dynamics. In addition to shedding light on feedbacks between evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes, field experiments quantifying rapid evolution can be used to address several other important issues. First, to what extent do replicate populations ex ...
Crowder et al. 2008 - Duke People
... While traditional management of marine fisheries has focused on the widespread declines in targeted species, entire food webs have been significantly altered by overfishing ( Jackson et al. 2001, Christensen et al. 2003). Fishing has a variety of direct and indirect effects on food webs in marine ec ...
... While traditional management of marine fisheries has focused on the widespread declines in targeted species, entire food webs have been significantly altered by overfishing ( Jackson et al. 2001, Christensen et al. 2003). Fishing has a variety of direct and indirect effects on food webs in marine ec ...
Variable elements of metacommunity structure across an aquatic
... PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1026v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 1 May 2015, publ: 1 May 2015 ...
... PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1026v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 1 May 2015, publ: 1 May 2015 ...
Sex and the Single Guppy (taken from http://www
... 1) What is the scientific name of the guppy?_______________________ 2) Why was the guppy introduced in many parts of the world?_______________ 3) What is a predator on guppies in the wild?____________________ 4) Do two simulations for at least 5 generations each, and read the results. Write which fa ...
... 1) What is the scientific name of the guppy?_______________________ 2) Why was the guppy introduced in many parts of the world?_______________ 3) What is a predator on guppies in the wild?____________________ 4) Do two simulations for at least 5 generations each, and read the results. Write which fa ...
Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant
... little about the outcome of their interactions on such large spatial scales. Here, we assess the geographic distribution and taxonomic diversity of a positive interaction involving ant-tended homopterans and ®g trees in the genus Ficus. Previous experimental studies at a few locations in South Afric ...
... little about the outcome of their interactions on such large spatial scales. Here, we assess the geographic distribution and taxonomic diversity of a positive interaction involving ant-tended homopterans and ®g trees in the genus Ficus. Previous experimental studies at a few locations in South Afric ...
Environmental adaptation to lagoon systems
... Internally, the va rious physiological proccsscs of an organism arc influenced to varying degrees by cha nges in extemal facto rs. This paper will present a few selected examples of how o rganisms living in lagoons respond to thdr external environmenl. For each speeies a cenain sector of the potenti ...
... Internally, the va rious physiological proccsscs of an organism arc influenced to varying degrees by cha nges in extemal facto rs. This paper will present a few selected examples of how o rganisms living in lagoons respond to thdr external environmenl. For each speeies a cenain sector of the potenti ...
Separating the influence of resource `availability` from resource
... quantities of all resources influence species richness by controlling population sizes and the probability of stochastic extinction. Resource ratio theory has argued that the imbalance in the supply of two or more resources, relative to the stoichiometric needs of the competitors, can dictate the st ...
... quantities of all resources influence species richness by controlling population sizes and the probability of stochastic extinction. Resource ratio theory has argued that the imbalance in the supply of two or more resources, relative to the stoichiometric needs of the competitors, can dictate the st ...
Animal behaviour and plant responses SLO`s - MrHay
... understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) vs1 ...
... understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) vs1 ...
Who killed in the Krill?
... food” in Norwegian. Krill are ‘shrimp-like’ fish and are a key part of the Antarctic food web, with many animals feeding on them. They are extremely abundant, although recently their numbers have been dropping. ...
... food” in Norwegian. Krill are ‘shrimp-like’ fish and are a key part of the Antarctic food web, with many animals feeding on them. They are extremely abundant, although recently their numbers have been dropping. ...
Ecology - Hardin County Schools
... what will happen to the population? The population size will decrease. If the birth and death rates are equal, then the population size will not change. Factors that affect population growth are: ...
... what will happen to the population? The population size will decrease. If the birth and death rates are equal, then the population size will not change. Factors that affect population growth are: ...
Top-down and bottom-up diversity cascades in detrital vs. living food
... among the shrubs, totalling 1260 individuals. The remaining 969 individuals were minute annelids, nematodes, crustaceans, and other arthropods, including collembolans, dipterans, coleopterans, and at least 17 mite species. The mean species richness within an individual shrub was 5.1, and ranged from ...
... among the shrubs, totalling 1260 individuals. The remaining 969 individuals were minute annelids, nematodes, crustaceans, and other arthropods, including collembolans, dipterans, coleopterans, and at least 17 mite species. The mean species richness within an individual shrub was 5.1, and ranged from ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.